Common Gpr Terms - Sensors & Software Noggin 100 User Manual

receiver (Rx) General term for electronics devices used to detect fields and translate signals into
records or displays
resolution The minimum separation of two objects before their individual responses merge into a
single response
signal amplitude A measure of the strength of the radio wave signal
station interval Spatial distance between observation points along a survey traverse line or mesh
points on a grid
step size See station interval
transmitter (Tx) General term used for electronics devices used to create propagating electromagnetic
fields
transducer Name used where GPR antenna, electronics, and shield are combined into one physi-
cal unit
sample point Signal amplitude measured at specific point in time
trace Sequence of sample points from a single GPR channel that indicate time variation of
signal amplitude
cross section Image that results from side-by-side display of a number of traces which are from adja-
cent spatial measurement position
gain Process of amplifying signals to match recording device or display dynamic range
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Common GPR Terms

zone of influence
fresnel zone
range resolution length The radial distance separation between two objects that is needed so that a GPR
lateral resolution length The lateral separation between two objects that is needed so that a GPR clearly
ringing
hyperbola
signal to noise ratio
system performance
The size of an area on a reflecting feature that can be uniquely resolved. (See lat-
eral resolution length).
See zone of influence.
clearly detects two responses.
detects two responses.
Impulsive GPR signals can give rise to reverberating responses that oscillate for a
much longer time than the GPR pulse or wavelet. Such a response is referred to
as a "ringing" response or "ringing" for short.
Characteristic inverted "U" GPR response from a point target. (Mathematical form
of the position-travel time response from a point target)
The ratio of GPR signal amplitude to the average noise amplitude. A large ratio
results in a larger penetration depth or detection of weaker signals.
Measure of system exploration depth indicated by the ratio of transmitter output
power or voltage to receiver noise power or voltage.
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