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Sensors & Software Conquest Series Manual

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© Copyright 2012 Sensors & Software Inc.
Drawing Number: 2006-00112-05

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Summary of Contents for Sensors & Software Conquest Series

  • Page 1 © Copyright 2012 Sensors & Software Inc. Drawing Number: 2006-00112-05...
  • Page 5 & S ENSORS OFTWARE RODUCT ICENCE OPYRIGHT IABILITY AND ARRANTY NFORMATION Important Please read this document carefully before removing the storage media from their protective cover SOFTWARE PRODUCT or assembling the . By removing the storage media or assembling the hardware, you are agreeing HARDWARE PRODUCT to be bound by the terms of this agreement.
  • Page 6 All statements, technical information, and recommendations related to S&S products are based on information believed to be reliable, but the accuracy or completeness is not guaranteed. Before using this product, you must eval- uate it and determine if it is suitable for your intended application. You assume all risks and liability associated with such use.
  • Page 7 Acknowledgement You acknowledge that you have read this agreement, understand it, and agree to be bound by its terms and conditions. You further agree that this agreement is the complete and exclusive statement of agreement between the parties and supersedes all proposals or prior agreements, oral or written, between the parties relating to the subject matter of this agreement.

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    Conquest Table of Contents Table of Contents Overview ......................1 Assembling Conquest ................3 ....................3 Basic Assembly ...................5 Attaching the Handle Using the Compact Flash ................6 Packing Up Conquest ................7 Principles of Operation ................9 ..........10 Line Scans Crossing Targets Perpendicularly ...................11 Concrete Type ..........12 Lines Scans Running Parallel to Targets ..................13...
  • Page 10 Table of Contents Conquest Help ........................31 Examples & Interpretation ..............33 Helpful Hints ....................37 ..............37 Scan Speed and Data Quality ................37 Sensor Head Positioning ............38 Collecting a Short Line or Partial Grid ...............38 Line Scan Data File Length ..........38 Extending the Depth after Collecting Data ............38 Automatic Concrete Type Calibration Image Enhancement Processing...
  • Page 11 Conquest Table of Contents Appendix A Health & Safety Certification........A-1 Appendix B GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations ..B-1 ................B-2 FCC Regulations (USA) ETSI Regulations for the EC (European Community) ......B-6 ..............B-7 Industry Canada Regulations Appendix C Instrument Compatibility..........C-1 Appendix D Safety Around Explosive Devices ......
  • Page 12 Table of Contents Conquest...

  • Page 13: Overview

    Conquest 1-Overview Overview Conquest is an integrated ground penetrating radar (GPR) data acquisition platform specifically designed to meet the needs of the concrete inspection industry. The system consists of the display unit with the monitor, sensor head, survey grids and AC power supply connections. The Conquest Enhanced system also includes a remote keypad, handle for the sensor head, a removable Compact Flash disk and PC software.
  • Page 14 1-Overview Conquest...

  • Page 15: Assembling Conquest

    Conquest 2-Assembling Conquest Assembling Conquest Basic Assembly Use the following steps to assemble the Conquest unit: 1. Undo the 4 plastic latches that secure the lid of the Conquest carry case and open the lid. Figure 2-1:The main components of a Conquest system. 2.The LCD monitor is held on a piston-hinged frame that can be raised and lowered to hold the monitor at any angle for viewing.
  • Page 16 2-Assembling Conquest Conquest Figure 2-2:Conquest cables. 4.Cables A and B must be plugged into a 110-240 volt AC power source. If the system is powered properly, the green LED on the Monitor Keypad will illuminate. Cables C and D should already be connected. 5.Figure 2-3 shows all the cables and connections in the back of Conquest system.

  • Page 17: Attaching The Handle

    Conquest 2-Assembling Conquest 6. Turn on the system by pressing any button on the Monitor Keypad. Note that this MUST be done on the Monitor Keypad and not the Sensor Keypad or the Remote Keypad. After the system is powered on, the red LED on the Monitor Keypad will be illuminated.

  • Page 18: Using The Compact Flash

    2-Assembling Conquest Conquest Figure 2-5:The optional handle can also be attached to the Sensor Head using the holes in the front. This mounting position can make it easier to scan walls or complete surveys in situations where pulling the Sen- sor Head is preferable to pushing it.

  • Page 19: Packing Up Conquest

    Conquest 3-Packing Up Conquest Packing Up Conquest 1. After scanning is complete, power down the system with the Power Off option from the main menu. 2. Unplug the system and LCD monitor power cables from the AC power supply and carefully place these cables into the deeper storage area behind the monitor.
  • Page 20 3-Packing Up Conquest Conquest...

  • Page 21: Principles Of Operation

    Conquest 4-Principles of Operation Principles of Operation The Conquest system uses ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology to image concrete and other similar materials (soil, rock, asphalt, etc.). GPR systems emit a high frequency radio wave pulse and detect the echoes that return from within the material. The concept is shown in Figure 4-1.

  • Page 22: Line Scans Crossing Targets Perpendicularly

    4-Principles of Operation Conquest Line Scans Crossing Targets Perpendicularly Conquest detects rebar and conduits which are generally rod-like in shape. A line scan over a localized feature such as a pipe or bar crossed perpendicularly generates a hyperbola (inverted V) as sketched in Figure 4-4. The sensor should cross perpendicular to the long axis of the feature, i.e.

  • Page 23: Concrete Type

    Conquest 4-Principles of Operation Figure 4-5:Data image of a hyperbola produced by crossing a rebar perpendicularly with the sensor. The point (apex) of the V gives the position and depth of the feature (Figure 4-6). Figure 4-6:The actual location of a target corresponds to the top or apex of the hyperbola. Concrete Type The shape of the hyperbola (Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5) is controlled by the “Concrete Type”...

  • Page 24: Lines Scans Running Parallel To Targets

    4-Principles of Operation Conquest Lines Scans Running Parallel to Targets Moving parallel to (or directly on top of) the subsurface feature (Figure 4-7) results in a constant flat line in the data image (Figure 4-9). Other features such as layers and the bottom of concrete also appear as flat surfaces.

  • Page 25: Grid Scan Collection

    Conquest 4-Principles of Operation Grid Scan Collection A Conquest grid scan consists of collecting a series of parallel line scans in two directions perpendicular to one another (Figure 4-10). Figure 4-10:Grid Scans are based on collecting multiple line scans in two directions on a grid. Together, these line scans sample a 3D volume or cube of concrete.

  • Page 26: Limitations

    4-Principles of Operation Conquest The data volume can then be visualized as a number of “slabs” or depth slices. Conquest displays a series of 2.5 cm (1 inch) thick depth slice images moving through the data volume from top to bottom (Figure 4-12). Figure 4-12:The concept of grid scanning with Conquest.

  • Page 27: Concrete Covered By Metal

    Conquest 4-Principles of Operation 4.5.2 Concrete Covered by Metal In some situations, concrete may be covered by metal or contain a very fine screen mesh. This can happen in a plastered wall or in a terrazzo floor. In these cases the metal screen acts like a perfect mirror for the radio signals emitted by the Conquest sensor.

  • Page 28: Power Cable Detection (Pcd) Principles

    4-Principles of Operation Conquest Power Cable Detection (PCD) Principles The PCD sensor maps the location of current-carrying cables by detecting the magnetic field created by AC current flowing at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Figure 4-14:Depiction of the magnetic field created by a current flowing in a wire. Figure 4-15:The Conquest detects the current-carrying cable best when crossing it perpendicularly.
  • Page 29 Conquest 4-Principles of Operation The PCD Figure 4-16:In Line Scan mode, the PCD profile appears under the GPR cross-section image. profile also appears after collecting each line in a Grid Scan. Figure 4-17:After Grid Scan data have been processed into depth slice images, the PCD image can also be displayed.
  • Page 30 4-Principles of Operation Conquest Figure 4-18:The shape of the magnetic field generated can be simple or complex depending on whether the wires are straight, vertically or horizontally oriented, their spacing and the dgree of twist.
  • Page 31 Conquest 4-Principles of Operation The amplitude of the PCD responses depends on the amount of current, cable depth, wire separation distance and degree of twist. The PCD response can vary over a wide range, typically from double digits to 10,000 or more (Figure 4-19). Figure 4-19:The strength of the magnetic field generated depends on the nature of the wire: single wire, pair or twisted pair and the spacing.
  • Page 32 4-Principles of Operation Conquest...

  • Page 33: Line Scans And Grid Scans

    Conquest 5-Line Scans and Grid Scans Line Scans and Grid Scans Your Conquest system is designed to make images of concrete structures at various depths. Embedded features are revealed as layers (or depth slices) of concrete are stripped away. Given the limitations mentioned in Section 4.5: P14, most sites are quite amenable to Conquest measurements.

  • Page 34: Step 2: Use Line Scan Mode To Get Main Structure Orientation

    5-Line Scans and Grid Scans Conquest Step 2: Use Line Scan mode to get main structure orientation Line Scan mode is used to help get a relative idea of what lies beneath before you start your survey. The Conquest system allows you to acquire data along a straight line and examine the information.

  • Page 35: Step 3: Place Grid Mat

    Conquest 5-Line Scans and Grid Scans In Line Scan mode the objectives are: a) to confirm if the system is “seeing” into the concrete; b) to obtain a sense of the site structure; c) to assess the orientation of the rebar mats; d) to get an idea of the depth of exploration.

  • Page 36: Step 4: Grid Scan Parameters

    5-Line Scans and Grid Scans Conquest Figure 5-2:Example of 4 Conquest Sheets taped down to make a layered grid. The grids are labelled with numbers and letters. Survey lines which run up and down the sheet are labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, whereas lines which run horizontally on the sheet are labelled A, B, C, D, etc.

  • Page 37: Step 6: Calibrate The Concrete Type

    Conquest 5-Line Scans and Grid Scans Step 6: Calibrate the Concrete Type The Concrete Type must be calibrated after Grid Scan collection to obtain clear depth slice images and accurate depth estimates. Processing the data without determining the Concrete may give a fuzzy image. It is instructive to try several values for the Concrete Type to see the impact of not calibrating properly.
  • Page 38 5-Line Scans and Grid Scans Conquest Figure 5-3:3D image of concrete as displayed by Conquest. The depth slice image is displayed in the upper left corner and represents the plan map view looking down on the grid scan area (see Figure 5-4). The images to the right and below the depth slice image are the Numeric and Alpha cross sectional views through the concrete defined by the cross-hairs on the depth slice.

  • Page 39: Step 9: Interpretation Of Results

    Conquest 5-Line Scans and Grid Scans One of the first things to note is the resolution of Conquest. Features will show up with a minimum size of about 30 mm (1.5 inches). This is a fundamental limit of the transducer response characteristics.

  • Page 40: Step 10: Marking The Site

    5-Line Scans and Grid Scans Conquest 5.10 Step 10: Marking the Site You will need to view the depth slices up and down through the total depth range in order to mark the site. The normal process is to step down through each depth and look for linear features which usually indicate pipes and conduits.

  • Page 41: Pc Software

    Conquest 5-Line Scans and Grid Scans 5.11.2 PC Software The Conquest Enhanced package has software for viewing and processing Conquest data on a PC. The ConquestView software gives the same display as on the Conquest monitor. With ConquestView, you can perform all of the display and process functions discussed here but have the added benefit printing or exporting images to other software (for more details, see the ConquestView User’s Guide).
  • Page 42 5-Line Scans and Grid Scans Conquest...

  • Page 43: Help

    Conquest 6-Help Help Conquest has an extensive Help file built right into the system. Step-by-step details on all aspects of Conquest including menu navigation, grid scans, slice views, line scans and system tools are all available by selecting the Help menu option from the main menu Figure 6-1. The Help screens are also available in Adobe Acrobat (PDF) and Microsoft PowerPoint (PPT) format on the Conquest Software CD for easy reference.
  • Page 44 6-Help Conquest...

  • Page 45: Examples & Interpretation

    Conquest 7-Examples & Interpretation Examples & Interpretation Due to space considerations, only the depth slices with discernible features are displayed for each case study. Case #1 This grid scan was conducted on the 5 floor of a medical building that was undergoing some renovations.
  • Page 46 7-Examples & Interpretation Conquest Case #2 The scan was conducted at a test pad outdoors (Figure 7-2a & Figure 7-2b). The grid size was 1200x1200mm, normal resolution. The main feature of this grid scan is the overlapping wire mesh, seen prominently at adjacent depths.
  • Page 47 Conquest 7-Examples & Interpretation Case #3 In Figure 7-3a) we see wire mesh again, with two conduits running at oblique angles to and directly beneath the mesh. Figure 7-3b) shows the bottom of concrete between 9.6 to 10.8 inches deep. In this case, it is slab on pan which is a metal support sheet on which concrete was poured during construction.
  • Page 48 7-Examples & Interpretation Conquest Case #4 In Figure 7-4a) we see a typical rebar pattern at a depth of 5-6 inches. The PCD image (Figure 7- 4b) reveals a strong magnetic field response that may be associated with the leftmost vertical rebar.

  • Page 49: Helpful Hints

    Conquest 8-Helpful Hints Helpful Hints Scan Speed and Data Quality Conquest uses DynaQ, an advanced patented technology that adjusts data quality as the sensor head movement speed varies. In most situations, moving the sensor head at a comfortable speed generates data of good quality. In situations where target resolution or maximum penetration depth is critical, moving slower increases data quality.

  • Page 50: Collecting A Short Line Or Partial Grid

    8-Helpful Hints Conquest When collecting a grid scan, the sensor head has to be pushed slightly beyond (1-2cm) the end line on the far edge of the grid mat before the survey line stops. If lines collected during Grid Scans seem to end before the end line on the far edge of grid mat is reached, or they end more than 1 or 2 centimetres (1 inch) after the end line, recalibrate the wheel odometer.

  • Page 51: Image Enhancement Processing

    Conquest 8-Helpful Hints To only use the Alpha Lines, move to the Slice View button and change Combo to Alpha and then select the Slice View button to process the grid data and generate Depth Slice images. To only use the Numeric Lines, move to the Slice View button and change Combo to Num and then select the Slice View button to process the grid data and generate Depth Slice images.

  • Page 52: Odometer Wheel Calibration

    8-Helpful Hints Conquest 4. Operating in a temperature very different from the temperature that the System Test was last performed in. To perform the system test, follow the simple, on-screen instructions. If constantly prompted to run the System Test, it may be necessary to turn the IEP feature off and collect the data without it (see Image Enhancement Processing).

  • Page 53: Troubleshooting

    Conquest 9-Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Conquest systems are designed to minimize user problems; however, all electronic devices are subject to possible failure. The following are troubleshooting hints if your Conquest fails to operate or something wrong occurs: Restart the System The vast majority of problems can fixed by powering down the system, checking that all connections are tightly secured (use a screwdriver, if necessary) and not damaged and then powering back up again.

  • Page 54: Sensor Head Key Pad Doesn't Respond

    9-Troubleshooting Conquest Sensor Head Key Pad Doesn't Respond If the Sensor Head keypad does not respond, the usual cause is the sensor head being unplugged from the cable during operation. When the Sensor Head is reconnected, it will beep and some of the keypad functions will start to work, but other functions will not. The only solution is to power down the system and restart it.

  • Page 55: Export Menu Item Not Accessible

    Conquest 9-Troubleshooting 9.10 Export Menu Item Not Accessible The Export menu item under Tools will be greyed out and not accessible if: 1. No compact flash card is installed in the system when it starts up. The system should be powered down, the card installed and the system powered up again. Be aware that inserting a Compact Flash card with the system powered up can damage the card.

  • Page 56: Contacting Sensors & Software Inc

    9-Troubleshooting Conquest 9.14 Contacting Sensors & Software Inc. If you develop problems with your Conquest system, contact your agent or Sensors & Software Inc. Sensors & Software Inc.’s hours of operation are 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM Eastern Standard Time, Monday to Friday.

  • Page 57: Care And Maintenance

    Conquest 10-Care and Maintenance 10 Care and Maintenance 10.1 Cable Care Cables are designed to be as tough as practical. Careless use of cables by making them carry loads for which they are not designed for can cause internal damage. Connectors are weak points in any system.
  • Page 58 10-Care and Maintenance Conquest...

  • Page 59: Appendix A Health & Safety Certification

    Conquest Appendix A: Health & Safety Certification Appendix A: Health & Safety Certification Radio frequency electromagnetic fields may pose a health hazard when the fields are intense. Normal fields have been studied extensively over the past 30 years with no conclusive epidemiology relating elec- tromagnetic fields to health problems.
  • Page 60 Appendix A: Health & Safety Certification Conquest References 1. Questions and answers about biological effects and potential hazards of radio-frequency electromag- netic field USA Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering & Technology OET Bulletin 56 (Contains many references and web sites) 2.

  • Page 61: Appendix B Gpr Emissions, Interference And Regulations

    Conquest Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations All governments have regulations on the level of electromagnetic emissions that an electronic apparatus can emit. The objective is to assure that one apparatus or device does not interfere with any other appara- tus or device in such a way as to make the other apparatus non-functional.

  • Page 62: Fcc Regulations (Usa

    Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations Conquest B-1 FCC Regulations (USA) This device complies with Part 15 of the USA Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules. Opera- tion in the USA is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
  • Page 63 Conquest Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations and construction does not actually result from the inspection; the intended purpose of the operation of the UWB device is to determine if construction is required. We also believe that the GPRs and wall imaging systems may be operated for one of the purposes described in the regulations but need not be operated directly by one of the described parties.
  • Page 64 Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations Conquest ferent locations upon coordination of change of ownership or location to the FCC and coordination with existing authorized operations. (e) The FCC/NTIA coordination report shall identify those geographical areas within which the operation of an imaging system requires additional coordination or within which the operation of an imaging system is prohibited.
  • Page 65 Conquest Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations FCC GROUND PENETRATING RADAR COORDINATION NOTICE NAME: ADDRESS: CONTACT INFORMATION [ CONTACT NAME AND PHONE NUMBER AREA OF OPERATION [ COUNTIES STATES OR LARGER AREAS FCC ID: [ . QJQ-CONQ-DE1] EQUIPMENT NOMENCLATURE: [ ONQUEST Send the information to: Frequency Coordination Branch., OET...

  • Page 66: Etsi Regulations For The Ec (European Community

    Conquest Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations B-2 ETSI Regulations for the EC (European Community) In the European Community (EC), GPR instruments must conform to ETSI (European Technical Standards Institute) standard EN 302 066-1 v1.2.1. Details on individual country requirements for licensing are coor- dinated with this standard.

  • Page 67: Industry Canada Regulations

    Conquest Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations B-3 Industry Canada Regulations Industry Canada published it regulations for ground penetrating radar (GPR) on Mar 29 2009 as part of the RSS-220 titled 'Devices Using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Technology'. Industry Canada has made a unique exception for GPR by not requiring user licensing. The user does have to comply with the following directives: (1) This Ground Penetrating Radar Device shall be operated only when in contact with or within 1 m of the ground.

  • Page 68: Appendix C Instrument Compatibility

    Conquest Appendix C: Instrument Compatibility Appendix C: Instrument Compatibility Immunity regulations place the onus on instrument/apparatus/device manufacturers to assure that extra- neous interference will not unduly cause an instrument/apparatus/device to stop functioning or to function in a faulty manner. Based on independent testing house measurements, Sensors & Software Inc. systems comply with such regulations in Canada, USA, European Community and most other jurisdictions.
  • Page 69 Appendix C: Instrument Compatibility Conquest...

  • Page 70: Appendix D Safety Around Explosive Devices

    Conquest Appendix D: Safety Around Explosive Devices Appendix D: Safety Around Explosive Devices Concerns are expressed from time to time on the hazard of GPR products being used near blasting caps and unexploded ordnance (UXO). Experience with blasting caps indicates that the power of Sensors & Software Inc.’s GPR products are not sufficient to trigger blasting caps.
  • Page 71 Appendix D: Safety Around Explosive Devices Conquest...

  • Page 72: Appendix E Conquest Glossary

    Conquest Appendix E: Conquest Glossary Appendix E: Conquest Glossary Conquest is used to scan concrete. There are two types of scans - grid scans and line scans. Scan: the act of acquiring Conquest data. Grid Scan: is the word to describe the process of acquiring Conquest data on a grid over an area with the end goal being to create depth slice images.
  • Page 73 Appendix E: Conquest Glossary Conquest Grid Scan Number: is the identifier for the data and images associated with a grid scan. Conquest stores scanned data and identifies each scanned data set by its scan number. Line Scan Number: is the identifier for data saved when carrying out a line scan. Gain: Since Conquest signals are strong for shallow targets and weaker for deeper tar- gets, when displaying Conquest cross sections, a control is needed so shallow...
  • Page 74 Conquest Appendix E: Conquest Glossary Monitor: the display panel mounted inside the display unit. Control Electronics Module: module mounted inside the display unit which holds electronic control circuits, distributes signals and houses the removable flash memory. Remote Keypad: the wireless keypad which enables operation of Conquest from a distance. Remote Keypad Receiver: the infrared receiver that detects commands from the remote keypad.
  • Page 75 Conquest Appendix E: Conquest Glossary...

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