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16.12.1.
Conventions on powers and power factors
As for the recognition of the type of reactive power, of the type of power factor and of the
direction of the active power, the below conventions must be applied. The stated angles
are those of phase-displacement of the current compared to the voltage (for example, in
the first panel the current is in advance from 0° to 90° compared to the voltage):
Equipment under test = Inductive Generator
180°
Equipment under test = Capacitive Generator
Where:
Symbol
P+
Value of the active power +
Pfc+
Capacitive power factor +
Pfi+
Inductive power factor +
Qc+
Value of the capacitive reactive power +
Qi+
Value of the inductive reactive power +
P-
Value of the active power -
Pfc-
Capacitive power factor -
Pfi-
Inductive power factor -
Qc-
Value of the capacitive reactive power -
Qi-
Value of the inductive reactive power -
Value
P
The active power (positive or negative) is defined in the panel and therefore acquires the value
of the active power in that moment.
Q
The reactive power (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is defined in the panel and
therefore acquires the value of the reactive power in that moment.
Pf
The power factor (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is defined in the panel and
therefore acquires the value of the power factor in that moment.
0
The active power (positive or negative) or the reactive power (inductive or capacitive, positive
or negative) is NOT defined in the panel and therefore acquires a null value.
-1
The power factor (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is NOT defined in the panel.
= P
P+
= 0
P -
Pfc+ = -1
Pfc - =
-1
Pfi - = Pf
Pfi+ = -1
Qc+ = 0
Qc- =
0
Qi - = Q
Qi+ = 0
= P
P+
= 0
P -
Pfc - = Pf
Pfc+ = -1
Pfi+ = -1
Pfi - =
-1
Qc- = Q
Qc+ = 0
Qi+ = 0
Qi - =
0
270°
Significance
Page 126 of 131
Equipment under test = Capacitive Load
90°
= P
P+
P -
= 0
Pfc+ = Pf
Pfc - = -1
Pfi+ = -1
Pfi - = -1
Qc+ = Q
Qc- = 0
Qi+ = 0
Qi - = 0
= P
P+
P -
= 0
Pfc+ = -1
Pfc - = -1
Pfi+ = Pf
Pfi - = -1
Qc+ = 0
Qc- = 0
Qi+ = Q
Qi - = 0
Equipment under test = Inductive Load
Significance
VR2250
0°
Remarks
Positive parameter
(user)
Negative parameter
(generator)
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