GE D30 Instruction Manual page 323

8 THEORY OF OPERATION
c) NON-DIRECTIONAL MHO CHARACTERISTIC
The non-directional mho characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between:
AB phase element: (I – I
A B
BC phase element: (I – I
B C
CA phase element: (I – I
C A
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I
A ground element: I
A
and
B ground element: I × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I
B
and
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I
C ground element: I
C
and
d) MHO REACTANCE CHARACTERISTIC FOR DIRECTIONAL APPLICATIONS
The reactance characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between:
AB phase element: (I
A
BC phase element: (I
B
CA phase element: (I
C
A ground element: I
A
B ground element: I
B
C ground element: I
C
If the mho characteristic is selected, the limit angle of the comparator is adjustable concurrently with the limit angle of the
mho characteristic, resulting in a tent shape complementing the lens characteristic being effectively applied.
e) QUADRILATERAL REACTANCE CHARACTERISTIC FOR DIRECTIONAL APPLICATIONS
The quadrilateral reactance characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between:
AB phase element: (I
A
BC phase element: (I
B
CA phase element: (I
C
A ground element: I
A
B ground element: I
B
C ground element: I
C
The ground elements are polarized from either zero-sequence or negative-sequence current as per user-settings to maxi-
mize performance in non-homogenous systems. The polarizing current is additionally shifted by the user-selectable non-
homogeneity correction angle.
f) REVERSE QUADRILATERAL REACTANCE CHARACTERISTIC FOR NON-DIRECTIONAL APPLICATIONS
The reverse quadrilateral reactance characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between:
AB phase element: (I
A
BC phase element: (I
B
CA phase element: (I
C
A ground element: I
A
B ground element: I
B
C ground element: I
C
The ground elements are polarized from either zero-sequence or negative-sequence current as per user-settings to maxi-
mize performance in non-homogenous systems. The polarizing current is additionally shifted by the user-selectable non-
homogeneity correction angle.
GE Multilin
) × Z – (V
– V ) and (V
A B A
) × Z – (V
– V ) and (V
B C B
) × Z – (V
– V ) and (V
C A C
× K0M × Z – V
G
V – (I × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z
A A REV
× K0M × Z – V
G
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z
V – (I
B B REV
× K0M × Z – V
G
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z
V – (I
C C REV
) × Z – (V
– I – V ) and
B A B
) × Z – (V
– I – V ) and
C B C
) × Z – (V
– I – V ) and
A C A
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I × K0M × Z – V
G
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I × K0M × Z – V
G
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I × K0M × Z – V
G
– I ) × Z – (V – V ) and
B A B
– I ) × Z – (V – V ) and
C B C
) × Z – (V
– I – V ) and
A C A
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I × K0M × Z – V
G
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I × K0M × Z – V
G
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I × K0M × Z – V
G
) × Z
– I – (V – V ) and
B REV A B
) × Z
– I – (V – V ) and
C REV B C
– I ) × Z – (V – V ) and
A REV C A
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I × K0M × Z
REV G
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z × K0M × Z
+ I
REV G
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z × K0M × Z
+ I
REV G
D30 Line Distance Relay
) × Z
– V ) – (I – I
B A B REV
) × Z
– V ) – (I – I
C B C REV
) × Z
– V ) – (I – I
A C A REV
A
+ I × K0M × Z )
REV G REV
B
× K0M × Z
+ I )
REV G REV
C
× K0M × Z
+ I )
REV G REV
) × Z
(I – I
A B
) × Z
(I – I
B C
) × Z
(I – I
C A
I_0 × Z
and
A
and I_0 × Z
B
and I_0 × Z
C
(I – I ) × Z
A B
(I – I ) × Z
B C
) × Z
(I – I
C A
(j × I_0 or j × I_2A) × e
and
A
(j × I_0 or j × I_2B) × e
and
B
(j × I_0 or j × I_2C) × e
and
C
) × Z
(I – I
A B REV
) × Z
(I – I
B C REV
(I – I ) × Z
C A REV
– V and (j × I_0 or j × I_2A) × e
REV A
(j × I_0 or j × I_2B) × e
– V and
REV B
(j × I_0 or j × I_2C) × e
– V and
REV C
8.1 DISTANCE ELEMENTS
jΘ
jΘ
jΘ
j(180 + Θ)
j(180 + Θ)
j(180 + Θ)
8-3
8