Page 1 Model 2010 Multimeter User’s Manual A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E...
Page 2 WARRANTY Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 3 years from date of shipment. Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.
Page 4 Revision D (Document Number 2010-900-01) ..............April 1999 Revision E (Document Number 2010-900-01) ............. August 2003 All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Page 5 afety Precautions The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intended for use by qualiﬁed personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury.
Page 6 (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments ofﬁce for information.
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents General Information Introduction ................Feature overview ................ Warranty information ..............Manual addenda ................. Safety symbols and terms ............Specifications ................Inspection ................... Options and accessories ............. Scanner cards ..............General purpose probes ............Low thermal probes ............Cables and adapters .............
Page 8 Measuring current ..............2-22 Connections ............... 2-22 AMPS fuse replacement ............ 2-23 Measuring resistance ..............2-24 Connections ............... 2-24 Shielding ................2-25 Low resistance measurements ........... 2-25 Measuring frequency and period ..........2-28 Trigger level ..............2-28 Gate time ................2-28 Connections ...............
Page 9 Limit operations ............... 3-18 Setting limit values ............3-18 Enabling limits ..............3-19 Scan operations ................ 3-20 Scanning overview ............3-20 Front panel scanner controls ..........3-20 Using the keys ............ 3-21 Using OPEN and CLOSE keys ......... 3-21 Stepping and scanning trigger model additions ....3-22 Using SHIFT-CONFIG to configure stepping and scanning ..............
Page 10 Status structure ................. 4-16 Condition registers ............4-17 Event registers ..............4-17 Enable registers ..............4-17 Queues ................4-20 Status Byte and Service Request (SRQ) ......4-21 Trigger model (GPIB operation) ..........4-24 Idle and initiate ..............4-25 Trigger model operation ............ 4-25 Programming syntax ..............
Page 11 Calculate subsystem ..............5-20 :CALCulate[1] ..............5-20 :CALCulate2 ..............5-22 :CALCulate3 ..............5-24 DISPlay subsystem ..............5-26 :FORMat subsystem ..............5-28 :DATA command .............. 5-28 :BORDer command ............5-30 :ELEMents command ............5-31 ROUTe subsystem ..............5-32 :SCAN commands ............5-35 [SENSe[1]] subsystem .............
Page 12 One-shot triggering ............Generating SRQ on buffer full ........... Storing readings in buffer ........... Taking readings with the scanner card ....... Taking readings using the :READ? command ....C-12 Controlling the Model 2010 via the RS-232 COM2 port . C-12...
Page 13 Models 196/199 Commands IEEE-488 Bus Overview Introduction ................Bus description ................Bus lines ..................Data lines ................Bus management lines ............Handshake lines ..............Bus commands ................Uniline commands .............. Universal multiline commands ........... Addressed multiline commands .......... Address commands ............. Unaddress commands ............
Page 15 External scanning example with Model 7001 ...... 3-29 Remote Operation Figure 4-1 RS-232 interface connector ........... Figure 4-2 IEEE-488 connector ............... Figure 4-3 IEEE-488 connections ............Figure 4-4 IEEE-488 connector location ..........Figure 4-5 Model 2010 status register structure ........4-16...
Page 16 Figure 4-6 Standard event status ............4-18 Figure 4-7 Operation event status ............4-18 Figure 4-8 Measurement event status ............ 4-19 Figure 4-9 Questionable event status ............. 4-19 Figure 4-10 Status byte and service request (SRQ) ......... 4-21 Figure 4-11 Trigger model (remote operation) ........
Page 17 List of Tables Basic Measurements Table 2-1 Fuse ratings ................Table 2-2 Factory defaults ..............2-13 Measurement Options Table 3-1 Rate settings for the measurement functions ......Table 3-2 Auto delay settings ..............Table 3-3 Bus commands parameters for stepping and scanning counters ............
Page 18 Table E-4 Typical addressed command sequence ........ E-11 Table E-5 IEEE command groups ............E-12 Table E-6 Model 2010 interface function codes ........E-13 IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information Table F-1 IEEE-488 documentation requirements ........ Table F-2 Coupled commands ...............
Page 19: General Information
General Infor- mation General Information...
Page 20: Introduction
50 triggered readings/sec over the IEEE-488 bus. At 4 digits, it can read up to 2000 readings/sec into its internal buffer. The Model 2010 has broad measurement ranges: • DC voltage from 10nV to 1000V. •...
Page 21: Warranty Information
Warranty information Warranty information is located at the front of this instruction manual. Should your Model 2010 require warranty service, contact the Keithley representative or authorized repair facility in your area for further information. When returning the instrument for repair, be sure to ﬁll out and include the service form at the back of this manual to provide the...
Page 22: Inspection
Model 2001-TCSCAN — A thermocouple scanner card that installs in the option slot of the Model 2010. The card has nine analog input channels that can be used for high-accuracy, high- speed scanning. A built-in temperature reference allows multi-channel, cold-junction compensated temperature measurements using thermocouples.
Page 23: Low Thermal Probes
1-inch square circuit board, interconnected to provide a short circuit among all plugs. Cables and adapters Models 7007-1 and 7007-2 Shielded GPIB Cables — Connect the Model 2010 to the GPIB bus using shielded cables and connectors to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). The Model 7007-1 is 1m long;...
Page 24: Rack Mount Kits
General Information Rack mount kits Model 4288-1 Single Fixed Rack Mount Kit — Mounts a single Model 2010 in a standard 19-inch rack. Model 4288-2 Side-by-Side Rack Mount Kit — Mounts two instruments (Models 182, 428, 486, 487, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2010, 6517, 7001) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.
Page 25: Basic Measurements
Basic Mea- surements Basic Measurements...
Page 26: Introduction
Basic Measurements Introduction This section summarizes front panel operation of the Model 2010. It is organized as follows: • Front panel summary — Includes an illustration and summarizes keys, display, and connections. • Rear panel summary — Includes an illustration and summarizes connections.
Page 27: Front Panel Summary
Basic Measurements Front panel summary The front panel of the Model 2010 is shown in Figure 2-1. This ﬁgure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. Figure 2-1 SENSE INPUT Model 2010 front Ω 4 WIRE...
Page 28: Basic Measurements
Basic Measurements Shifted operation keys mX+B Manipulates normal display readings(X) using the equation Y=mX+b. Converts a value to the decibels above or below a 1mW reference. Compresses a large range of DC or AC voltage measurements into a much smaller scope. CONT Measures circuit continuity on the 1kΩ...
Page 29: Basic Measurements
Basic Measurements HOLD Instrument is in hold mode. LSTN Instrument addressed to listen over GPIB. MATH Math function (mX+b, %, dB, dBm) enabled. Medium reading rate. REAR Reading acquired from rear inputs. Relative reading displayed. Instrument is in GPIB remote mode. SCAN Instrument is in scan mode.
Page 30: Rear Panel Summary
Basic Measurements Rear panel summary The rear panel of the Model 2010 is shown in Figure 2-2. This ﬁgure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. Figure 2-2 Model 2010 rear panel WARNING: WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
Page 31 Connector for IEEE-488 (GPIB) operation. Use a shielded cable, such as Models 7007-1 and 7007-2. Power module Contains the AC line receptacle, power line fuse, and line voltage setting. The Model 2010 can be conﬁgured for line voltages of 100V/120V/220V/240VAC at line frequencies of 45Hz to 66Hz or 360Hz to 440Hz.
Page 32: Power-Up
Basic Measurements Power-up Line power connection Follow the procedure below to connect the Model 2010 to line power and turn on the instrument. Check to be sure the line voltage selected on the rear panel (see Figure 2-3) is correct for the operating voltage in your area.
Page 33: Setting Line Voltage And Replacing Fuse
If the instrument repeatedly blows fuses, locate and correct the cause of the trouble before replacing the fuse. See the Model 2010 Service Manual for troubleshooting information. If conﬁguring the instrument for a different line voltage, remove the line voltage selector from the assembly and rotate it to the proper position.
Page 34: Power-Up Sequence
Basic Measurements Power-up sequence On power-up, the Model 2010 performs self-tests on its EPROM and RAM and momentarily lights all segments and annunciators. If a failure is detected, the instrument momentarily displays an error message and the ERR annunciator turns on. (Error messages are listed in Appendix B.)
Page 35: High Energy Circuit Safety Precautions
Basic Measurements 2-11 High energy circuit safety precautions To optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits, read and use the directions in the following warning. WARNING Dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can cause severe personal injury or death.
Page 36: Power-On Defaults
Power-on defaults are the settings the instrument assumes when it is turned on. The Model 2010 offers two choices for the settings: factory and user. The power-on default will be the last conﬁguration you saved. The SAVE and SETUP keys select the two choices of power-on defaults.
Page 37: Table 2-2 Factory Defaults
Basic Measurements 2-13 Table 2-2 Factory defaults Setting Factory default Autozero Buffer No effect Continuity Beeper Digits Rate Fast (0.1 PLC) Threshold 10Ω Current (AC and DC) Digits (AC) Digits (DC) Filter Count Mode Moving average Range Auto Relative Value Rate (AC) Medium* Rate (DC)
Page 38 2-14 Basic Measurements Table 2-2 (cont.) Factory defaults Setting Factory default Percent Reference Resistance (two-wire and four-wire) Digits Filter Count Mode Moving average Range Auto Relative Value Rate Medium (1 PLC) Dry circuit Offset compensation RS-232 Baud No effect Flow No effect Tx term No effect...
Page 39: Gpib Primary Address
See Section Four — Remote Operation for more GPIB information. Warm-up time The Model 2010 is ready for use as soon as the power-up sequence has completed. However, to achieve rated accuracy, allow the instrument to warm up for two hours. If the instrument has been subjected to extreme temperatures, allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize.
Page 40: Display
Basic Measurements Display The display of the Model 2010 is primarily used to display readings, along with the units and type of measurement. Annunciators are located on the top, bottom, right, and left of the reading or message display. The annunciators indicate various states of operation. See...
Page 41: Crest Factor
Effects not noticeable when working with higher voltages are signiﬁcant in microvolt signals. The Model 2010 reads only the signal received at its input; therefore, it is important that this signal be properly transmitted from the source. The following paragraphs indicate factors...
Page 42: Thermal Emfs
Therefore, to minimize AC interference, the circuit should be shielded with the shield connected to the Model 2010 INPUT LO (particularly for low level sources). Improper shielding can cause the Model 2010 to behave in one or more of the following ways: •...
Page 43: Ac Voltage Offset
Basic Measurements 2-19 AC voltage offset The Model 2010, at 5 digits resolution, will typically display 100 counts of offset on AC volts with the input shorted. This offset is caused by the offset of the TRMS converter. This offset will not affect reading accuracy and should not be zeroed out using the REL feature.
Page 44: Ratio
RATIO takes priority if both RATIO and SENSE IN are toggled to ON, and the display will read RS at the far right. If only SENSE IN is turned ON, the Model 2010 reads only the voltage present at the SENSE terminals.
Page 45: Measuring Voltage With The Sense Terminals
Basic Measurements 2-21 Measuring voltage with the SENSE terminals The SENSE terminals can be used to measure DC voltage in the 100mV, 1V, and 10V ranges. Assuming factory default conditions, make the connections as follows: Connect test leads to the SENSE HI and LO terminals. Either the front or rear inputs can be used;...
Page 46: Measuring Current
2-22 Basic Measurements Measuring current The Model 2010 can make DCI measurements from 10nA to 3A and ACI measurements from 1µA to 3A RMS. NOTE See the previous discussion about crest factor in “Measuring voltage” of this section. Connections Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is: Connect test leads to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals.
Page 47: Amps Fuse Replacement
Do not use a fuse with a higher current rating than speciﬁed or instrument damage may occur. If the instrument repeatedly blows fuses, locate and correct the cause of the trouble before replacing the fuse. See the Model 2010 Service Manual for troubleshooting information.
Page 48: Measuring Resistance
2-24 Basic Measurements Measuring resistance The Model 2010 can make two-wire and four-wire resistance measurements from 1µΩ to 120MΩ. Connections Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is: Connect test leads to the Model 2010 as follows: A. For Ω2-wire, connect the test leads to INPUT HI and LO.
Page 49: Shielding
See Section 3 for information on the conﬁguration options for two-wire and four-wire resistance measurements. Low resistance measurements The Model 2010 can be used for low resistance measurements normally handled by a micro- ohmmeter. The following paragraphs discuss the Model 2010’s dry circuit testing and offset compensation modes.
Page 50: Dry Circuit Testing
2-26 Basic Measurements Dry circuit testing Many low resistance measurements are made on contact devices such as switches and relay contacts. The purpose of these tests is to determine whether oxidation has increased the resistance of the contacts. If the voltage across the contacts during the test is too high, the oxidation will be punctured and render the test meaningless.
Page 51: Figure 2-7 Offset-Compensated Ohms Measurement
Basic Measurements 2-27 Figure 2-7 One measurement cycle Offset-compensated ohms measurement Source Current Thermal offset measurement Voltage measurement with source current off Voltage measurement with source current on...
Page 52: Measuring Frequency And Period
The multimeter’s AC voltage measurement section performs input signal conditioning. Gate time The gate time is the amount of time the Model 2010 uses to sample frequency or period readings. All settings of the RATE key (FAST, MEDium, SLOW) yield a gate time of one second.
Page 53: Connections
Connections Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is: Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2010. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position.
Page 54: Measuring Temperature
Thermocouples can be connected to the Model 2001-TCSCAN card, which plugs into the option slot of the Model 2010, or to an external thermocouple card, such as a Model 7057A, 7402, or 7014 installed in a Model 7001 or 7002 Switch System.
Page 55: Connections
2-31 Connections Figure 2-9 Thermocouple and RTD temperature measurements 2001-TCSCAN CH 2 Note: This thermocouple card must be inserted into a Keithley Model 2010. Note: Front or rear inputs can be used. Input Model 2010 Input STEP SCAN CH4 CH5...
Page 56: Configuration
• JUNC — SIM, CH1 (simulated or referenced at Channel 1). Typically, a thermocouple card uses a single reference junction. The Model 2010 can simulate a reference junction temperature or use the reference junction on a thermocouple switching card. Typical reference junction temperatures are 0°C and 23°C.
Page 57: Mx + B
NOTES Once enabled for a function, the mX+b and percentage calculations are in effect across function changes. The Model 2010 uses IEEE-754 ﬂoating point format for math calculations. mX + b This math operation lets you manipulate normal display readings (X) mathematically...
Page 58: Percent
L and M keys to increment or decrement the digits. Press ENTER when done. The Model 2010 will display the result of the calculation. The result is positive when the input exceeds the reference and negative when the input is less than the reference. Engineering units are used to show values in the range 1 nano to 1000G.
Page 59: Db Calculation
Basic Measurements 2-35 Conﬁguration To set the reference impedance, perform the following steps: After selecting dBm, the present reference impedance is displayed (1-9999Ω): REF: 0075 To change the reference impedance, use the keys to select the numeric position. Then use the L and M keys to select the desired value. Be sure to press ENTER after changing the reference impedance.
Page 60: Measuring Continuity
The Model 2010 uses the 1kΩ range to measure circuit continuity. After selecting continuity, the unit prompts you for a threshold resistance level (1Ω-1000Ω). The Model 2010 alerts you with a beep when a reading is below the set level.
Page 61: Testing Diodes
Diode test has a non-selectable reading rate of MEDium (1 PLC). Connections Connect the diode leads to the INPUT HI and INPUT LO terminals on the Model 2010. The test current ﬂows from the INPUT HI terminal as shown in Figure 2-11.
Page 62 2-38 2-38 Basic Measurements Basic Measurements...
Page 63: Measurement Options
Measurement Options Measurement Options...
Page 64: Introduction
Measurement Options Introduction This section describes the front panel features of the Model 2010. For those measurement options accessible only by a remote interface, refer to Sections 4 and 5. This section is organized as follows: • Measurement conﬁguration — Describes ranging, ﬁltering, relative readings, digits of resolution, and measurement rate.
Page 65: Filter
The AUTO key has no effect on the temperature, continuity, and diode test functions. Filter Filter lets you set the ﬁlter response to stabilize noisy measurements. The Model 2010 uses a digital ﬁlter. The displayed, stored, or transmitted reading is simply an average of a number of reading conversions (from 1 to 100).
Page 66: Figure 3-1 Moving Average And Repeating Filters
Measurement Options Filter types The moving average ﬁlter (Figure 3-1) uses a ﬁrst-in, ﬁrst-out stack. When the stack becomes full, the measurement conversions are averaged, yielding a reading. For each subsequent conversion placed into the stack, the oldest conversion is discarded, and the stack is re-averaged, yielding a new reading.
Page 67: Relative
See Section 2 for more information on the mX+b function. Digits The display resolution of a Model 2010 reading depends on the DIGITS setting. It has no effect on the remote reading format. The number of displayed digits does not affect accuracy or speed.
Page 68: Rate
Measurement Options Rate The rate operation sets the integration time of the A/D converter, the period of time the input signal is measured (also known as aperture). The integration time affects the usable digits, the amount of reading noise, as well as the ultimate reading rate of the instrument. The integration time is speciﬁed in parameters based on a number of power line cycles (NPLC), where 1 PLC for 60Hz is 16.67msec and 1 PLC for 50Hz and 400Hz is 20msec.
Page 69: Table 3-1 Rate Settings For The Measurement Functions
Measurement Options Bandwidth The rate setting for AC voltage and current measurements determines the bandwidth setting: • Slow — 3Hz to 300kHz. • Medium — 30Hz to 300kHz. • Fast — 300Hz to 300kHz. Bandwidth is used to specify the lowest frequency of interest. When the Slow bandwidth (3Hz to 300kHz) is chosen, the signal goes through an analog RMS converter.
Page 70: Trigger Operations
• A bus trigger (GET or *TRG) is received. • The front panel TRIG key is pressed. (The Model 2010 must be taken out of remote before it will respond to the TRIG key. Use the LOCAL key or send LOCAL 716 over...
Page 71: Table 3-2 Auto Delay Settings
A programmable delay is available after event detection. It can be set manually or an auto delay can be used. With auto delay, the Model 2010 selects a delay based on the function and range. The AUTO settings are listed in Table 3-2.
Page 72: Device Actions
3-10 Measurement Options Device actions The primary device action is a measurement. However, the device action block could include the following additional actions: • Filtering — If the repeating ﬁlter is enabled, the instrument samples the speciﬁed number of reading conversions to yield single ﬁltered reading. Only one reading conversion is performed if the ﬁlter is disabled, or after the speciﬁed number of reading conversions for a moving average ﬁlter is reached.
Page 73: External Triggering
Pressing the EXT TRIG key again toggles back to continuous triggers. The Model 2010 uses two lines of the Trigger Link rear panel connector as External Trigger (EXT TRIG) input and Voltmeter Complete (VMC) output. The EXT TRIG line allows the Model 2010 to be triggered by other instruments.
Page 74: Figure 3-4 Trigger Link Input Pulse Specifications (Ext Trig)
In a typical test system, you may want to close a channel and then measure the DUT connected to the channel with a multimeter. Such a test system is shown in Figure 3-6, which uses a Model 2010 to measure ten DUTs switched by a Model 7011 multiplexer card in a Model 7001/7002 Switch System.
Page 75: Figure 3-6 Dut Test System
3-7. Trigger Link of the Model 2010 is connected to Trigger Link (either IN or OUT) of the Model 7001/7002. Note that with the default trigger settings on the Model 7001/7002, line #1 is an input and line #2 is an output.
Page 76: Figure 3-8 Operation Model For Triggering Example
3-14 Measurement Options To run the test and store readings in the Model 2010 with the unit set for external triggers, press STEP or SCAN. The Model 2010 waits (with the asterisk annunciator lit) for an external trigger from the Model 7001/7002.
Page 77: Figure 3-9 Din To Bnc Trigger Cable
Keithley Model 706 Scanner can be connected to the Trigger Link of the Model 2010 using the adapter cable. With this adapter, a Model 706 could be substituted for the Model 7001/7002 in the previous example. With the Model 706 set for External Triggering, the test would start when the single scan mode is selected and initiated.
Page 78: Buffer Operations
Measurement Options Buffer operations The Model 2010 has a buffer to store from two to 1024 readings and units. It also stores the channel number for scanned readings and overﬂow readings. In addition, recalled data includes statistical information, such as minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation.
Page 79: Figure 3-10 Buffer Locations
∑ – -- -         ------------------------------------------------------------- - where: X i is a stored reading. n is the number of stored readings. NOTE The Model 2010 uses IEEE-754 ﬂoating point format for math calculations.
Page 80: Limit Operations
3-18 Measurement Options Limit operations Limit operations set and control the values that determine the HI/IN/LO status of subsequent measurements. Limits can be applied to all measurement functions except continuity. The limit test is performed after mX+b and percent math operations. Unit preﬁxes are applied before the limit test, for example: •...
Page 81: Enabling Limits
Measurement Options 3-19 Enabling limits Use the following procedure to turn on the limits operation: Press the SHIFT-ON/OFF keys to view the present beeper status: BEEP: NEVER Use the L and M keys to change the beeper status (NEVER, OUTSIDE, INSIDE). Press ENTER when ﬁnished.
Page 82: Scan Operations
ﬁve four-pole channels. The optional Model 2001-TCSCAN Thermocouple/General Purpose Scanner Card lets you multiplex one of nine two-pole or one of four four-pole analog signals into the Model 2010, and/ or any combination of two- or four-pole analog signals.
Page 83: Using The And Keys
Close a speciﬁc channel (or channel pair for four-wire resistance). • Immediately open any internal closed channel (or channel pair for four-wire resistance). With a scanner card installed in the option slot of the Model 2010, the following prompt is displayed when the CLOSE key is pressed: CLOSE CHAN:01 , L, and M keys to display the desired channel (1 to 10) and press ENTER.
Page 84: Stepping And Scanning Trigger Model Additions
3-22 Measurement Options Stepping and scanning trigger model additions The trigger model presented in “Trigger operations” earlier in this section has some additional capabilities when stepping or scanning. These are outlined below: • Timer — With this control source, event detection is immediately satisﬁed on the initial pass.
Page 85: Using Shift-Config To Configure Stepping And Scanning
The next selection is for timed scans. This is the Timer control source in the trigger model. It sets a user-speciﬁed interval for starting scans. If you choose timed scans, the Model 2010 prompts for a time interval: 00H:00M:00.000S , L, and M keys to select a time interval and press ENTER to conﬁrm.
Page 86: Scanning Examples
RDG CNT affect these operations. Figure 3-14 SHIFT-CONFIG Internal scanning TYPE: INT example with reading MIN CHAN: 1 Note: "Factory setup" on the Model 2010 is assumed. MAX CHAN: 10 count option TIMER? OFF 0010 0002 RDG CNT: 0020...
Page 87 Measurement Options 3-25 • With a reading count (0010) equal to the scan list length (10), a step operation consecutively closes ten channels and sends an output trigger after each channel. A scan operation also consecutively closes ten channels but sends an output trigger only at the end of the scan.
Page 88 3-26 Measurement Options Timing Another conﬁguration option for stepping and scanning is the timing of channel closures. The example in Figure 3-15 shows how different settings of TIMER and DELAY affect these operations. These are the timer control source and the delay block shown in the trigger models Figure 3-12 Figure 3-13.
Page 89: Figure 3-15 Internal Scanning Example With Timer And Delay Options
Measurement Options 3-27 Figure 3-15 SHIFT-CONFIG Internal scanning TYPE:INT Note: "Factory setup" on the MIN CHAN: 1 example with timer and Model 2010 is assumed. MAX CHAN: 10 delay options TIMER? RDG CNT: 0010 TIMER? ON 00H:00M:05.000S DELAY: MAN 00H:00M:05.000S...
Page 90: External Scanning
When using an external thermocouple scanner card and channel 1 as a reference, the Model 2010 only recognizes channel 1 when a step or scan is performed. If using a Model 7001 or 7002 to close channel 1 manually, the Model 2010 will not interpret...
Page 91 Measurement Options 3-29 Figure 3-16 Model 7001 Model 2010 External scanning example (from "reset setup") (from "factory setup") with Model 7001 SCAN CHANNELS 1!1-1!10 CONFIGURE SCAN CHAN-CONTROL CHANNEL-SPACING TRIGLINK ASYNCHRONOUS CHAN-COUNT SCAN-CONTROL SCAN-COUNT SHIFT-CONFIG TYPE:EXT MIN CHAN: 001 MAX CHAN: 010...
Page 92: System Operations
Section 2. Selecting the remote interface and language is covered in Section 4. Self-test The TEST selections are used as diagnostic tools to isolate problems within the Model 2010. Information on using these test procedures is included in the Model 2010 Service Manual.
Page 93: Remote Operation
Remote Oper- ation Remote Operation...
Page 94: Introduction
• Programming syntax • Common commands Selecting an interface The Model 2010 multimeter supports two built-in remote interfaces: • GPIB bus • RS-232 interface You can use only one interface at a time. The factory interface selection is the GPIB bus. You can select the interface only from the front panel.
Page 95: Gpib Bus
Remote Operation GPIB bus The GPIB bus is the IEEE-488 interface. You must select a unique address for the Model 2010 multimeter. The address is displayed when the multimeter is turned on. At the factory, the address is set to 16.
Page 96: Scpi
SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) is fully supported by the GPIB and RS-232 interfaces. Always calibrate the Model 2010 Multimeter using the SCPI language. Keithley Models 196/199 Digital Multimeter The Model 2010 Multimeter implements virtually all commands available in the Keithley Models 196/199 Digital Multimeter, except for the self-test and calibration commands.
Page 97: Operation
You can break data transmissions by sending a ^C or ^X character string to the multimeter. This clears any pending operation and discards any pending output. Selecting baud rate The baud rate is the rate at which the Model 2010 Multimeter and the programming terminal communicate. Choose one of the following available rates: •...
Page 98: Selecting Signal Handshaking (Flow Control)
Selecting signal handshaking (ﬂow control) Signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument allows the two devices to communicate to each other regarding being ready or not ready to receive data. The Model 2010 does not support hardware handshaking (ﬂow control).
Page 99: Connections
Remote Operation RS-232 connections The RS-232 serial port can be connected to the serial port of a controller (i.e., personal computer) using a straight through RS-232 cable terminated with DB-9 connectors. Do not use a null modem cable. The serial port uses the transmit (TXD), receive (RXD), and signal ground (GND) lines of the RS-232 standard.
Page 100: Gpib Bus Operation And Reference
IEEE-488-1987.2 and deﬁnes a standard set of commands to control every programmable aspect of an instrument. GPIB bus connections To connect the Model 2010 Multimeter to the GPIB bus, use a cable equipped with standard IEEE-488 connectors as shown inFigure 4-2.
Page 101: Figure 4-3 Ieee-488 Connections
IEEE-488 cables. Available shielded cables from Keithley are models 7007-1 and 7007-2. To connect the Model 2010 Multimeter to the IEEE-488 bus, follow these steps: Line up the cable connector with the connector located on the rear panel. The connector is designed so that it will ﬁt only one way.
Page 102: Selecting The Primary Address
Not observing these limits may cause erratic bus operation. Selecting the primary address The Model 2010 Multimeter ships from the factory with a GPIB address of 16. When the multimeter powers up, it momentarily displays the primary address. You can set the address to a value of 0-30.
Page 103: About Program Fragments
A typical program fragment includes an OUTPUT command and an ENTER command. The OUTPUT command sends a program message (command string) to the Model 2010 Multimeter. If the program message includes a query command, then the ENTER command is required to get the response message from the Model 2010 Multimeter.
Page 104: General Bus Commands
Serial Polls the Model 2010. REN (remote enable) The remote enable command is sent to the Model 2010 by the controller to set up the instrument for remote operation. Generally, the instrument should be placed in the remote mode before you attempt to program it over the bus. Simply setting REN true does not actually place the instrument in the remote state.
Page 105: Llo (Local Lockout)
DCL command is not an addressed command, so all instruments equipped to implement DCL will do so simultaneously. When the Model 2010 Multimeter receives a DCL command, it clears the Input Buffer and Output Queue, cancels deferred commands, and clears any command that prevents the processing of any other device command.
Page 106: Sdc (Selective Device Clear)
SPE, SPD (serial polling) Use the serial polling sequence to obtain the Model 2010 serial poll byte. The serial poll byte contains important information about internal functions. Generally, the serial polling sequence is used by the controller to determine which of several instruments has requested service with the SRQ line.
Page 107: Front Panel Gpib Operation
IFC (Interface Clear) command. • LSTN — This indicator is on when the Model 2010 Multimeter is in the listener active state, which is activated by addressing the instrument to listen with the correct MLA (My Listen Address) command. LSTN is off when the unit is in the listener idle state. Place the unit in the listener idle state by sending UNL (Unlisten), addressing it to talk, or sending the IFC (Interface Clear) command over the bus.
Page 108: Status Structure
Status structure Figure 4-5 for the Model 2010 Multimeter’s status structure. Instrument events, such as errors, are monitored and manipulated by four status register sets. Notice that these status register sets feed directly into the Status Byte Register. More detailed illustrations of these...
Page 109: Condition Registers
Remote Operation 4-17 Condition registers Figure 4-5 shows, all status register sets have a condition register. A condition register is a real-time, read-only register that constantly updates to reﬂect the present operating conditions of the instrument. For example, while a measurement is being performed, bit B4 (Meas) of the Operation Condition Register is set.
Page 110: Figure 4-6 Standard Event Status
Enable Register (B15 - B11) (B10) (B9) (B8) (B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) (B1) (B0) (See Figure 4-10). Idle = Idle state of the 2010 & = Logical AND Trig = Triggering OR = Logical OR Meas = Measuring...
Page 111: Figure 4-8 Measurement Event Status
Remote Operation 4-19 Figure 4-8 BHF BAV Measurement Measurement event (B15 - B12) (B11) (B10) (B9) (B8) (B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) Condition Register (B2) (B1) (B0) status Measurement Event (B15 - B12) (B11) (B10) (B9) (B8) (B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) (B1) (B0)
Page 112: Queues
Queue is considered cleared when it is empty. An empty Output Queue clears the MAV bit in the Status Byte Register. Read a message from the Output Queue by addressing the Model 2010 Multimeter to talk after the appropriate query is sent.
Page 113: Status Byte And Service Request (Srq)
Remote Operation 4-21 Status Byte and Service Request (SRQ) Service request is controlled by two 8-bit registers: the Status Byte Register and the Service Request Enable Register. Figure 4-10 shows the structure of these registers. Figure 4-10 Status Summary Messages Status byte and service request (SRQ) Read by Serial Poll...
Page 114 4-22 Remote Operation For a description of the other bits in the Status Byte Register, see “Common commands”. The IEEE-488.2 standard uses the *STB? common query command to read the Status Byte Register. When reading the Status Byte Register using the *STB? command, bit B6 is called the MSS bit.
Page 115: Serial Poll And Srq
Typically, service requests (SRQs) are managed by the serial poll sequence of the Model 2010. If an SRQ does not occur, bit B6 (RQS) of the Status Byte Register will remain cleared, and the program will simply proceed normally after the serial poll is performed.
Page 116: Trigger Model (Gpib Operation)
4-24 Remote Operation Trigger model (GPIB operation) The following paragraphs describe how the Model 2010 Multimeter operates over the GPIB bus. The ﬂowchart in Figure 4-11 summarizes operation over the bus. The ﬂowchart is called the trigger model because operation is controlled by SCPI commands from the Trigger subsystem (see Section 5 for more information).
Page 117: Idle And Initiate
IMMediate — Event detection is immediately satisﬁed allowing operation to continue. • MANual — Event detection is satisﬁed by pressing the TRIG key. The Model 2010 Multimeter must be in LOCAL mode for it to respond to the TRIG key. Press the LOCAL key or send LOCAL 16 over the bus to remove the instrument from the remote mode.
Page 118: Figure 4-12 Device Action (Trigger Model)
4-26 Remote Operation Device Action — Figure 4-12 provides a detailed illustration of the device action. If the repeat ﬁlter is enabled, then the instrument samples the speciﬁed number of reading conversions to yield a single ﬁltered reading. If the moving ﬁlter is active, or ﬁlter is disabled, then only one reading conversion is performed.
Page 119: Programming Syntax
Remote Operation 4-27 Programming syntax The following paragraphs cover syntax for both common commands and SCPI commands. For more information, see the IEEE- 488.2 and SCPI standards. Command words Program messages are made up of one or more command words. Commands and command parameters Common commands and SCPI commands may or may not use a parameter.
Page 120 4-28 Remote Operation • Parameter types — The following are some of the common parameter types: Boolean — Used to enable or disable an instrument operation. 0 or OFF disables the operation, and 1 or ON enables the operation. :CURRent:AC:RANGe:AUTO ON Enable autoranging <name>...
Page 121: Query Commands
Remote Operation 4-29 Query commands The Query command requests the presently programmed status. It is identiﬁed by the question mark (?) at the end of the fundamental form of the command. Most commands have a query form. :TRIGger:TIMer? Queries the timer interval Most commands that require a numeric parameter (<n>) can also use the DEFault, MINimum, and MAXimum parameters for the query form.
Page 122: Short-Form Rules
4-30 Remote Operation Short-form rules Use the following rules to determine the short-form version of any SCPI command: • If the length of the command word is four letters or less, no short form version exists. :auto = :auto These rules apply to command words that exceed four letters: •...
Page 123: Single Command Messages
Remote Operation 4-31 Single command messages The above command structure has three levels. The ﬁrst level is made up of the root command (:STATus) and serves as a path. The second level is made up of another path (:OPERation) and a command (:PRESet).
Page 124: Command Path Rules
4-32 Remote Operation Command path rules • Each new program message must begin with the root command, unless it is optional (e.g., [:SENSe]). If the root is optional, simply treat a command word on the next level as the root. •...
Page 125: Response Messages
Command Messages”), the multiple response messages for all the queries is sent to the computer when the Model 2010 is addressed to talk. The responses are sent in the order that the query commands were sent and are separated by semicolons (;). Items within the same query are separated by commas (,).
Page 126: Common Commands
*RCL <NRf> Recall command Returns the Model 2010 to the setup conﬁguration stored in the speciﬁed memory location. *RST Reset command Returns the Model 2010 to the *RST default conditions.
Page 127: Ese - Event Enable
Remote Operation 4-35 *ESE <NRf> — Event Enable Program the standard event enable register *ESE? — Event Enable Query Read the standard event register Parameters <NRf> = 0 Clear register Set OPC (B0) Set QYE (B2) Set DDE (B3) Set EXE (B4) Set CME (B5) Set URQ (B6) 128 Set PON (B7)
Page 128: Esr? - Event Status Register Query
4-36 Remote Operation The Standard Event Enable Register is shown in Figure 4-13 and includes the decimal weight of each bit. The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you wish to be set is the parameter value that is sent with the *ESE command. For example, to set the CME and QYE bits of the Standard Event Enable Register, send the following command: *ESE 36 Where: CME (bit B5) = Decimal...
Page 129: Figure 4-14 Standard Event Status Register
Model 2010 front panel was pressed. • Bit B7, Power ON (PON) — A set bit indicates that the Model 2010 has been turned off and turned back on since the last time this register has been read. Figure 4-14...
Page 130: Idn? - Identification Query
Description On power-up or when the *CLS or *RST is executed, the Model 2010 goes into the Operation Complete Command Idle State (OCIS). In this state, no pending overlapped commands exist. The Model 2010 has three overlapped commands: •...
Page 131 'Wait two seconds GOSUB ReadRegister 'Read register to show that OPC is 'not set PRINT #1, "output 16; :abort" 'Place 2010 back in idle GOSUB ReadRegister 'Read register to show that OPC is 'now set ReadRegister: PRINT #1, "output 16; *esr?"...
Page 132: Opc? - Operation Complete Query
When used with the :INITiate or :INITiate:CONTinuous ON command, an ASCII “1” will not be sent to the Output Queue and the MAV bit will not set until the Model 2010 goes back into the idle state. The initiate operations are not considered ﬁnished until the instrument goes into the idle state.
Page 133: Opt? - Option Identification Query
Parameters <NRf>=0 Description Use this command to return the Model 2010 to the conﬁguration stored in memory. The *SAV command is used to store the setup conﬁguration in memory location. Only one setup conﬁguration can be saved and recalled. The Model 2010 ships from the factory with :SYSTen:PRESet defaults loaded into the available setup memory.
Page 134: Rst - Reset
*RST — RESET Return 2010 to *RST defaults Description When the *RST command is sent, the Model 2010 performs the following operations: Returns the Model 2010 to the *RST default conditions (see SCPI tables). Cancels all pending commands. Cancels response to any previously received *OPC and *OPC? commands.
Page 135: Figure 4-15 Service Request Enable Register
Remote Operation 4-43 corresponding bit in the Status Byte Register is set by an appropriate event. For more information on register structure, see the information presented earlier in this section. The Service Request Enable Register is shown in Figure 4-15. Notice that the decimal weight of each bit is included in the illustration.
Page 136: Stb? - Status Byte Query
• Bit 4, Message Available (MAV) — A set bit indicates that a message is present in the Output Queue. The message is sent to the computer when the Model 2010 is addressed to talk. • Bit 5, Event Summary Bit (ESB) — A set bit indicates that an enabled standard event has occurred.
Page 137: Trg - Trigger
Send bus trigger to 2010 Description Use the *TRG command to issue a GPIB trigger to the Model 2010. It has the same effect as a group execute trigger (GET). Use the *TRG command as an event to control operation. The Model 2010 reacts to this trigger if BUS is the programmed control source.
Page 138: Wai - Wait-To-Continue
The :INITiate commands remove the Model 2010 from the idle state. The device operations of :INITiate are not considered complete until the Model 2010 returns to idle. By sending the *WAI command after the :INITiate command, all subsequent commands will not execute until the Model 2010 goes back into idle.
Page 139: Scpi Command Reference
SCPI Com- mand Refer- ence SCPI Command Reference...
Page 140: Scpi Signal Oriented Measurement Commands
SCPI Command Reference This section contains reference information on programming the Model 2010 with the SCPI commands. It is organized as follows: SCPI signal oriented measurement commands — Covers the signal oriented measurement commands. These commands are used to acquire readings.
Page 141: Fetch? Command
Description This command requests the latest post-processed reading. After sending this command and addressing the Model 2010 to talk, the reading is sent to the computer. This command does not affect the instrument setup. This command does not trigger a measurement. The command simply requests the last available reading.
Page 142: Read? Command
SCPI Command Reference READ? command :READ? Description This command is typically used with the instrument in the “one-shot” measurement mode to trigger and acquire a speciﬁed number of readings. The :SAMPle:COUNt command is used to specify the number of readings (see Trigger Subsystem).
Page 143: Measure Command
SCPI Command Reference MEASure command :MEASure:<function>? <function> = CURRent:AC AC current CURRent[:DC] DC current VOLTage:AC AC voltage VOLTage[:DC] DC voltage RESistance Two-wire resistance FRESistance Four-wire resistance PERiod Period FREQuency Frequency TEMPerature Temperature DIODe Diode testing CONTinuity Continuity test Description This command combines all of the other signal oriented measurement commands to perform a “one-shot”...
Page 144: Scpi Command Subsystems Reference Tables
SCPI Command Reference SCPI command subsystems reference tables Table 5-2 through Table 5-11 summarize the commands for each SCPI sub- system. The following list includes the SCPI subsystem commands and the table number where each command is summarized. CALCulate command summary (Table 5-2) DISPlay command summary...
Page 145 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-2 CALCulate command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter √ :CALCulate[1] Subsystem to control CALC 1: √ :FORMat <name> Select math format (NONE, MXB, PERCent). PERCent √ :FORMat? Query math format. :KMATh Path to conﬁgure math calculations: :MMFactor <NRf>...
Page 146 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-2 (cont.) CALCulate command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter √ :LIMit 2 Path to control LIMIT 2 test: √ :UPPer Path to conﬁgure upper limit: √ [:DATA] <n> Set upper limit (-100e6 to 100e6). √ [:DATA]? Query upper limit.
Page 147 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-4 FORMat command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :FORMat √ [:DATA] <type>[,<length>] Select data format: (ASCii, SREal or DREal). ASCii √ [:DATA]? Query data format. :ELEMents <item list> Specify data elements: (READing, CHANnel, and UNITs). READing :ELEMents? Query data elements.
Page 148 5-10 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-6 SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter [:SENSe[1]] √ :FUNCtion <name> Select measurement function: ‘VOLTage:AC’, ‘VOLTage ‘VOLT[:DC]’ :DC’, RESistance’, ‘FRESistance’, ‘CURRent:AC’, ‘CURRent: DC’, ‘FREQuency’, ‘TEMPerature’, ‘PERiod’, ‘DIODe’, “CONTinuity’. √ :FUNCtion? Query function. √ :DATA? Return the last instrument reading.
Page 149 SCPI Command Reference 5-11 Table 5-6 (cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter [:SENSe[1]] √ :CURRent:[DC] Path to conﬁgure DC current. √ :NPLCycles <n> Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). √ :NPLCycles? Query line cycle integration rate. √...
Page 150 5-12 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-6 (cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter √ :VOLTage:AC Path to conﬁgure AC voltage. √ :NPLCycles <n> Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). √ :NPLCycles? Query line cycle integration rate. √...
Page 151 SCPI Command Reference 5-13 Table 5-6 (cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter √ :VOLTage:[DC] Path to conﬁgure DC voltage: √ :NPLCycles <n> Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). √ :NPLCycles? Query line cycle integration rate. √...
Page 152 5-14 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-6 (cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter [:SENSe[1]] √ :RESistance Path to conﬁgure resistance: √ :NPLCycles <n> Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). √ :NPLCycles? Query line cycle integration rate. √...
Page 153 SCPI Command Reference 5-15 Table 5-6 (cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter [:SENSe[1]] :FRESistance √ :OCOMpensated Enable or disable offset compensation. √ :OCOMpensated? Query offset compensation. :DCIRcuit Enable or disable dry circuit ohms. :DCIRcuit? Query dry circuit ohms. :TEMPerature Path to conﬁgure temperature: :NPLCycles <n>...
Page 154 5-16 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-6 (cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter [:SENSe[1]] :TEMPerature :FRTD Path to conﬁgure FRTD sensor. :TYPE <name> Select FRTD sensor type (PT100, D100, F100, PT3916, PT100 PT385, USER) :TYPE? Query FRTD sensor type. :RZERo <NRf>...
Page 155 SCPI Command Reference 5-17 Table 5-6 (cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter [:SENSe[1]] :CONTinuity Path to conﬁgure continuity test: :THReshold <NRf> Set threshold resistance (1 to 1000). :THReshold? Query threshold resistance. Note: REPeat is the *RST default and MOVing is the :SYSTem:PRESet default. Table 5-7 STATus command summary Default...
Page 156 :STATe Enable or disable beeper. √ :STATe? Query state of beeper. :LOCal Take 2010 out of remote and restore operation of front panel controls (RS-232 only). :REMote Place 2010 in remote (RS-232 only). :RWLock Lockout front panel controls (RS-232 only).
Page 157 SCPI Command Reference 5-19 Table 5-10 Trigger command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter √ :INITiate Subsystem command path: √ [:IMMediate] Initiate one trigger cycle. √ :CONTinuous Enable or disable continuous initiation. (Note 1) √ :CONTinuous? Query continuous initiation. √...
Page 158: Calculate Subsystem
5-20 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-11 UNIT command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :UNIT √ :TEMPerature <name> Select temperature measurement units (C, F, or K). √ :TEMPerature? Query temperature units. √ :VOLTage Path to conﬁgure voltage units. :AC <name> Select ACV measurement units (V, DB or DBM).
Page 159 SCPI Command Reference 5-21 Description This command is used to specify the format for the CALC1 math calculations. With NONE selected, no CALC1 calculation is performed. With MXB or PERCent selected and enabled (see :STATe), the result of the calculation is displayed. The calculated reading is refreshed each time the instrument takes a reading.
Page 160: Calculate2
5-22 SCPI Command Reference :ACQuire :CALCulate[1]:KMATh:PERCent:ACQuire Use input signal as target value Description This action command is used to acquire the present input signal reading and use it as the target value for the percent calculation. :STATe :CALCulate[1]:STATe Control CALC1 Parameters ...
Page 161 CALC2 is enabled: PRINT #1, “output 02; :calc2:form max” ‘ Select format PRINT #1, “output 02; :calc2:imm?” ‘ Perform math and query result PRINT #1, “enter 02” ‘ Get response from 2010 :DATA? :CALCulate2:DATA? Read CALC2 result Description This query command is used to read the result of the CALC2 calculation. If...
Page 162: Calculate3
5-24 SCPI Command Reference :CALCulate3 These commands are used to conﬁgure and control the CALC3 limit test. [:DATA] <n> :CALCulate3:LIMit[1]:UPPer[:DATA] <n> Specify upper limit1 :CALCulate3:LIMit[1]:LOWer[:DATA] <n> Specify lower limit1 :CALCulate3:LIMit2:UPPer[:DATA] <n> Specify upper limit2 :CALCulate3:LIMit2:LOWer[:DATA] <n> Specify lower limit2 Parameters <n>...
Page 163 SCPI Command Reference 5-25 :FAIL? :CALCulate3:LIMit[1]:FAIL? Read LIMIT1 test result :CALCulate3:LIMit2:FAIL? Read LIMIT2 test result Description This command is used to read the results of the LIMIT1 or LIMIT2 test: 0 = Limit test passed 1 = Limit test failed The response message (0 or 1) only tells you if a limit test has passed or failed.
Page 164: Display Subsystem
When disabled, the instrument operates at a higher speed. While disabled, the display is frozen. All front panel controls (except LOCAL) are disabled. Normal display operation can be resumed by using the :ENABle command to enable the display or by putting the Model 2010 into local mode (press LOCAL).
Page 165 SCPI Command Reference 5-27 :TEXT commands :DATA <a> :DISPlay[:WINDow[1]]:TEXT:DATA <a> Deﬁne message for display. Parameter <a> = ASCII characters for the message (maximum of 12 characters). The characters must be enclosed in either double quotes (“ ”) or single quotes (‘ ’). Query :DATA? Query the deﬁned text message.
Page 166: Format Subsystem
5-28 SCPI Command Reference :FORMat subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to select the data format for transferring instrument readings over the bus. The BORDer command and DATA command only affect readings transferred from the buffer (i.e., SENSE:DATA? or CALC:DATA? are always sent in ASCII). These commands are summarized in Table 5-4.
Page 167: Figure 5-2 Ieee754 Single Precision Data Format (32 Data Bits)
SCPI Command Reference 5-29 SREal will select the binary IEEE754 single precision data format. Figure 5-2 shows the normal byte order format for each data element. For example, if three valid elements are speciﬁed, the data string for each reading conversion is made up of three 32-bit data blocks.
Page 168: Border Command
5-30 SCPI Command Reference :BORDer command :BORDer <name> :FORMat:BORDer <name> Specify binary byte order Parameters <name> = NORMal Normal byte order for binary formats SWAPped Reverse byte order for binary formats Query :BORDer? Query byte order Description This command is used to control the byte order for the IEEE754 binary formats.
Page 169: Elements Command
SCPI Command Reference 5-31 :ELEMents command :ELEMents <item list> :FORMat:ELEMents <item list> Parameters <item list>: READing Includes reading in data string CHANnel Includes channel number UNITs Includes units NOTE: Each item in the list must be separated by a comma (,). Query :ELEMents? Query elements in data string...
Page 170: Route Subsystem
5-32 SCPI Command Reference ROUTe subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to conﬁgure and control switching and are summarized in Table 5-5. Single channel (or channel pair) control Like operation from the front panel, the following commands let you close a single channel (or channel pair for 4-pole operation) on an internal scanner card.
Page 171 SCPI Command Reference 5-33 :CLOSe:STATe? :ROUTe:CLOSe:STATe? Query closed channel or channel pair Description The response message for this query command indicates the channel (or channel pair) that has been closed on the internal scanner card using the :rout:close <chan num> command (or channels closed from the front panel). Note that for 4-pole operation, the paired channel is not included in the response message.
Page 172: Multiple Channel Control
5-34 SCPI Command Reference Multiple channel control The following commands let you close one or more channels at the same time. They also let you manually select the 2-pole or 4-pole mode of operation. :CLOSe <list> :ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe <list> Close speciﬁed channels Parameter <list>...
Page 173: Scan Commands
SCPI Command Reference 5-35 :OPEN <list> :ROUTe:MULTiple:OPEN <list> Open speciﬁed channels Parameter <list> = (@ chanlist) Specify channels to open where chanlist is the list of channels (1 through 11) to be opened. Description This command is used to open speciﬁed channels on the internal scanner card.
Page 174 Query programmed scan list Description The Model 2010 can operate with an external switch system, such as the Keithley Model 7001 or 7002. The Model 2010 can measure up to 800 channels that are switched by the external switching system. This command is used to deﬁne the external scan list.
Page 175: [Sense[1]] Subsystem
[SENSe[1]] subsystem The Sense 1 Subsystem is used to conﬁgure and control the measurement functions of the Model 2010. A function does not have to be selected before you program its various conﬁgurations. A function can be selected any time after it has been programmed.
Page 176: Data Command
5-38 SCPI Command Reference :DATA command :DATA? [:SENSe[1]]:DATA? Return reading. Description This query command is used to read the latest instrument reading. This command returns the raw reading or a reading that is the result of the Reference (REL from the front panel) operation. For example, if a reference value of 1.0 is established, the reading returned by this command is the raw reading minus 1.0.
Page 177: Hold Command
SCPI Command Reference 5-39 :HOLD Command The following commands are used to conﬁgure and control the Hold feature. For details on Hold, refer to “Trigger Model, Device Action” in this section and “Hold” in Section 3. :WINDow <NRf> [:SENSe[1]]:HOLD:WINDow <NRf> Set Hold window Parameter <NRf>...
Page 178: Speed Commands
5-40 SCPI Command Reference Speed Commands :NPLCycles <n> [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for DCV Set NPLC for Ω2 [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for Ω4 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:NPLCycles <n>...
Page 179: Range Commands
This command is used to manually select the measurement range for the speciﬁed measurement function. The range is selected by specifying the expected reading as an absolute value. The Model 2010 will then go to the most sensitive range that will accommodate that expected reading. For exam- ple, if you expect a reading of approximately 50mV, simply let the parameter (<n>) = 0.05 (or 50e-3) in order to select the 100mV range.
Page 180 5-42 SCPI Command Reference :AUTO [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:RANGe:AUTO Control auto range for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO Control auto range for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:RANGe:AUTO Control auto range for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO Control auto range for DCV Control auto range for Ω2 [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:RANGe:AUTO Control auto range for Ω4 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:RANGe:AUTO ...
Page 181: Reference Commands
SCPI Command Reference 5-43 :REFerence <n> commands :REFerence <n> [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:REFerence <n> Specify reference for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:REFerence <n> Specify reference for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:REFerence <n> Specify reference for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:REFerence <n> Specify reference for DCV Specify reference for Ω2 [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:REFerence <n> Specify reference for Ω4 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:REFerence <n>...
Page 182 5-44 SCPI Command Reference :STATe [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:REFerence:STATe Control reference for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:REFerence:STATe Control reference for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:REFerence:STATe Control reference for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:REFerence:STATe Control reference for DCV Control reference for Ω2 [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:REFerence:STATe Control reference for Ω4 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:REFerence:STATe ...
Page 183: Dcircuit Command
SCPI Command Reference 5-45 :DCIRcuit command :DCIRcuit [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:DCIRcuit Toggle dry circuit (low voltage ohms) Parameters = 1 or ON Enable dry circuit (low voltage) ohms 0 or OFF Disable dry circuit (low voltage) ohms Query :DCIRcuit? Query status of dry circuit (low voltage) ohms Description This command is used to enable and disable dry circuit (low voltage) ohms for low resistance measurements.
Page 184: Digits Command
5-46 SCPI Command Reference :DIGits command :DIGits <n> [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for DCV Specify resolution for Ω2 [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for Ω4 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:DIGits <n>...
Page 185: Average Commands
SCPI Command Reference 5-47 :AVERage commands The :AVERage commands are used to conﬁgure and control the ﬁlter. The Filter is explained in Section 3. :STATe [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:AVERage:STATe Control ﬁlter for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:AVERage:STATe Control ﬁlter for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:AVERage:STATe Control ﬁlter for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:AVERage:STATe ...
Page 186: Bandwidth Command
40Hz, then a bandwidth setting of 30 should be used. These commands are used to select bandwidth for the ACI and ACV functions. To set the bandwidth, simply specify (approximately) the frequency of the input signal. The Model 2010 will automatically select the optimum bandwidth setting. NOTE For bandwidth setting of 3 and 30, the normal A/D reading conversion method is not used.
Page 187: Threshold Commands
SCPI Command Reference 5-49 :THReshold commands Use these commands to set the maximum range input (signal level) for frequency and period measurements. :RANGe <n> [:SENSe[1]]:PERiod:THReshold:VOLTage:RANGe <n> Set voltage threshold range [:SENSe[1]]:FREQuency:THReshold:VOLTage:RANGe <n> Set voltage threshold range Parameters <n> = 0 to 1010 Specify signal level in volts (voltage threshold) Query :RANGe?
Page 188: Thermocouple Commands
Query :TYPE? Query thermocouple type Description This command is used to conﬁgure the Model 2010 for the thermocouple type that you are using to make temperature measurements. These commands are used to conﬁgure the reference junction for thermocouple temperature measurements.
Page 189 SCPI Command Reference 5-51 Description This command is used to specify the simulated reference temperature. The temperature value depends on which temperature scale is presently selected (°C, °F, or K). Typically, 0° or 23°C is used as the simulated reference temperature.
Page 190: Frtd Commands
5-52 SCPI Command Reference FRTD commands :TYPE <name> [:SENSe[1]]:TEMPerature:FRTD:TYPE <name> Specify FRTD parameters Parameters <name> = PT100 Selects default parameters for the PT100 standard (ITS-90) D100 Selects default parameters for the D100 standard (ITS-90) F100 Selects default parameters for the F100 standard (ITS-90) PT3916 Selects default parameters for the PT3916...
Page 191: Diode Command
SCPI Command Reference 5-53 :ALPHa <NRf> [:SENSe[1]]:TEMPerature:FRTD:ALPHa <NRf> Specify alpha value Parameters <NRf> = 0 to 0.01 Specify FRTD alpha value Query :ALPHa? Query value of ALPHa Description This command is used to check and/or change the alpha value. Remember that if you change the present alpha value, the FRTD TYPE will change to USER.
Page 192: Continuity Command
Description These query commands are used to read the event registers. After sending one of these commands and addressing the Model 2010 to talk, a decimal value is sent to the computer. The binary equivalent of this value determines which bits in the appropriate register are set. The event registers are shown...
Page 193: Figure 5-4 Measurement Event Register
SCPI Command Reference 5-55 Measurement Event Register: Bit B0, Reading Overﬂow (ROF) — Set bit indicates that the reading exceeds the measurement range of the instrument. Bit B1, Low Limit1 (LL1) — Set bit indicates that the reading is less than the Low Limit 1 setting.
Page 194: Figure 5-5 Questionable Event Register
5-56 SCPI Command Reference Questionable Event Register: Bits B0 through B3 — Not used. Bit B4, Temperature Summary (Temp) — Set bit indicates that an invalid reference junction measurement has occurred for thermocouple temperature measurements. Bits B5 through B7 — Not used. Bit B8, Calibration Summary (Cal) —...
Page 195: Figure 5-6 Operation Event Register
Idle Trig Meas Decimal 1024 Weighting (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) Value Events : Idle = Idle state of the 2010 Value : 1 = Operation Event Set Trig = Triggering 0 = Operation Event Cleared Meas = Measuring...
Page 196: Enable Command
5-58 SCPI Command Reference :ENABle command :ENABle <NRf> :STATus:MEASurement:ENABle <NRf> Program Measurement Event Enable Register :STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle <NRf> Program Questionable Event Enable Register :STATus:OPERation:ENABle <NRf> Program Operation Event Enable Register Parameters <NRf> = 0 Clear register <NRf> = 128 Set bit B7 Set bit B0 Set bit B8 Set bit B1...
Page 197: Figure 5-7 Measurement Event Enable Register
Trig Meas 1024 Decimal Weighting (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) Value Value : 1 = Enable Operation Event Events : Idle = Idle state of the 2010 0 = Disable (Mask) Operation Event Trig = Triggering Meas = Measuring...
Page 198: Condition? Command
See [:EVENt] for register bit descriptions. After sending one of these commands and addressing the Model 2010 to talk, a decimal value is sent to the computer. The binary equivalent of this decimal value indicates which bits in the register are set.
Page 199: Queue Commands
SCPI deﬁned messages, and positive (+) numbers are used for Keithley deﬁned messages. The messages are listed in Appendix B. After this command is sent and the Model 2010 is addressed to talk, the “oldest” message in the queue is sent to the computer.
Page 200 5-62 SCPI Command Reference :ENABle <list> :STATus:QUEue:ENABle <list> Enable messages for Error Queue Parameter <list> = (numlist) where numlist is a speciﬁed list of messages that you wish to enable for the Error Queue. Query :ENABle? Query list of enabled messages Description On power-up, all error messages are enabled and will go into the Error Queue as they occur.
Page 201 SCPI Command Reference 5-63 :DISable <list> :STATus:QUEue:DISable <list> Disable messages for Error Queue Parameter <list> = (numlist) where numlist is a speciﬁed list of messages that you wish to disable for the Error Queue. Query :DISable? Query list of disabled messages Description On power-up, all error messages are enabled and will go into the Error Queue as they occur.
Page 202: System Subsystem
5-64 SCPI Command Reference :SYSTem subsystem The SYSTem subsystem contains miscellaneous commands that are summarized in Table 5-8. :BEEPer command :STATe :SYSTem:BEEPer:STATe Enable or disable beeper Parameters = 1 or ON Enable beeper 0 or OFF Disable beeper Query :STATe? Query state of beeper...
Page 203: Posetup Command
:VERSion? command :VERSion? :SYSTem:VERSion? Read SCPI version Description This query command is used to read the version of the SCPI standard being used by the Model 2010. Example code: 1991.0 The above response message indicates the version of the SCPI standard.
Page 204: Error? Command
5-66 SCPI Command Reference :ERRor? command :ERRor? :SYSTem:ERRor? Read Error Queue Description As error and status messages occur, they are placed in the Error Queue. This query command is used to read those messages. The Error Queue is a ﬁrst-in, ﬁrst-out (FIFO) register that can hold up to ten messages.
Page 205: Azero Commands
NOTE Before you can enable or disable autozero, the Model 2010 must ﬁrst be in the idle state. The Model 2010 can be placed in the idle state by ﬁrst disabling continuous initiation (:INITiate:CONTinuous OFF), and then sending the :ABORt command.
Page 206: Key Command
The queue for the :KEY? query command can only hold one key-press. When :KEY? is sent over the bus, and the Model 2010 is addressed to talk, the key-press code number for the last key pressed (either physically or with...
Page 207: Figure 5-10 Key-Press Codes
CH10 MATH TALK REAR LSTN SHIFT 350V 1000V TIMER HOLD TRIG FAST SLOW FILT AUTO BUFFER STAT PEAK PEAK 2010 MULTIMETER 500V MX+B CONT PERIOD SENSOR PEAK INPUTS Ω2 Ω4 FREQ SHIFT TEMP RANGE DELAY HOLD LIMITS ON/OFF TYPE RATIO...
Page 208: Interface Commands
However, the user may wish to lock out front keys during RS-232 communications (see :RWLock). This action command is used to take the Model 2010 out of the remote state and enable the operation of front panel keys. Note that this command can only be sent over the RS-232 interface.
Page 209: Trace Subsystem
Description This command is used to read the status of storage memory. After sending this command and addressing the Model 2010 to talk, two values separated by commas are sent to the computer. The ﬁrst value indicates how many bytes of memory are available, and the second value indicates how many bytes are reserved to store readings.
Page 210: Feed Command
Send buffer readings Description When this command is sent and the Model 2010 is addressed to talk, all the readings stored in the buffer are sent to the computer. The format that readings are sent over the bus is controlled by the :FORMat subsystem.
Page 211: Trigger Subsystem
:INITiate[:IMMediate] Take 2010 out of idle state Description This command takes the Model 2010 out of the idle state. After all programmed operations are completed, the instrument returns to the idle state if continuous initiation is disabled (see next command).
Page 212: Trigger Commands
5-74 SCPI Command Reference :TRIGger commands :COUNt <n> :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]]:COUNt <n> Set measure count Parameters <n> = 1 to 9999 Specify count Sets count to inﬁnite DEFault Sets count to 1 MINimum Sets count to 1 MAXimum Sets count to 9999 Query :COUNt? Queries programmed count...
Page 213 SCPI Command Reference 5-75 :SOURce <name> :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]]:SOURce <name> Specify measure event control source Parameters <name> = IMMediate Pass operation through immediately EXTernal Select External Triggering as event TIMer Select timer as event MANual Select manual event Select bus trigger as event Query :SOURce? Query programmed control source.
Page 214: Unit Subsystem
5-76 SCPI Command Reference :SAMPle Command :SAMPle:COUNt <NRf> Set sample count Parameter <NRf> = 1 to 1024 Query :COUNt? Query the sample count Description This command speciﬁes the sample count. The sample count deﬁnes how many times operation loops around in the trigger model to perform a device action.
Page 215: Voltage Commands
SCPI Command Reference 5-77 :VOLTage commands :AC <name> :UNIT:VOLTage:AC <name> Specify ACV units Parameters <name> = AC voltage measurement units dB AC voltage measurement units dBm AC voltage measurement units Query :AC? Query AC voltage units Description This command is used to select the units for ACV measurements. With volt (V) units selected, normal AC voltage measurements are made for the ACV function.
Page 216 5-78 SCPI Command Reference [:DC] <name> :UNIT:VOLTage[:DC] <name> Specify DCV units Parameters <name> = DC voltage measurement units dB DC voltage measurement units dBm DC voltage measurement units Query [:DC]? Query DC voltage units Description This command is used to select the units for DCV measurements. With volt (V) units selected, normal DC voltage measurements are made for the DCV function.
Page 217: Speciﬁcations
Specifications...
Page 218: Specifications
Specifications Specifications The following pages contain the condensed specifications for the 2010. Every effort has been made to make these specifications complete by characterizing its performance under the variety of conditions often encountered in production, engineering, and research. The 2010 provides transfer, 24-hour, 90-day, 1-year, and 2-year specifications, with full specifications for the 90-day, 1-year, and 2-year intervals.
Page 219 2010 Low-Noise Multimeter DC CHARACTERISTICS CONDITIONS: MED (1 PLC) or SLOW (5 PLC) ACCURACY: ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) TEST INPUT (ppm = parts per million) (e.g., 10ppm = 0.001%) CURRENT ±5% RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE OR BURDEN OR CLAMP...
Page 220 2010 Low-Noise Multimeter TRUE RMS AC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS ACCURACY : ±(% of reading + % of range), 23°C ±5 °C VOLTAGE CALIBRATION 3 Hz– 10 Hz– 20 kHz– 50 kHz– 100 kHz– RANGE RESOLUTION CYCLE 10 Hz 20 kHz...
Page 221: Configuration
2010 Low-Noise Multimeter FREQUENCY AND PERIOD CHARACTERISTICS Triggering and Memory RESOLUTION ACCURACY READING HOLD SENSITIVITY: 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, or 10% of reading. FREQUENCY PERIOD GATE ±(ppm of 90 Day/1 Year RANGE RANGE RANGE TIME reading) ±(% of reading) TRIGGER DELAY: 0 to 99 hrs (1ms step size).
Page 222: Accuracy Calculations
Specifications Accuracy calculations The information below discusses how to calculate accuracy for both DC and AC characteristics. Calculating DC characteristics accuracy DC characteristics accuracy is calculated as follows: Accuracy = ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) (ppm = parts per million and 10ppm = 0.001%) As an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits, assume that you are measuring 5V on the 10V range.
Page 223: Calculating Dbm Characteristics Accuracy
Specifications Calculating dBm characteristics accuracy As an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits for a 13dBm measurement with a reference impedance of 50Ω, assume an applied signal 0.998815V. The relationship between voltage and dBm is as follows: dBm = 10 log --------------------------- - From the previous example on calculating DC characteristics accuracy, it can be shown that...
Page 224: Calculating Db Characteristics Accuracy
A-10 Specifications Calculating dB characteristics accuracy The relationship between voltage and dB is as follows: dB = 20 log -------------- - As an example of how to calculate the actual readings limits for dB with a user-deﬁned V of 10V, you must calculate the voltage accuracy and apply it to above equation. To calculate a -60dB measurement, assume 10mVRMS for a V of 10V.
Page 225: Optimizing Measurement Accuracy
Specifications A-11 Optimizing measurement accuracy The conﬁgurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored. DC voltage, DC current, and resistance: • Select 6 digits, 10 PLC, ﬁlter ON (up to 100 readings), ﬁxed range. • Use REL on DC voltage and two-wire resistance measurements. •...
Page 226 A-12 Specifications...
Page 227: Status And Error Messages
Status and Error Messages Status and Error Messages...
Page 228: Table B-1 Status And Error Messages
Status and Error Messages Table B-1 Status and error messages Number Description Event -440 Query unterminated after indeﬁnite response -430 Query deadlocked -420 Query unterminated -410 Query interrupted -363 Input buffer overrun -350 Queue overﬂow -330 Self-test failed -314 Save/recall memory lost -315 Conﬁguration memory lost -285...
Page 229 Status and Error Messages Table B-1 (cont.) Status and error messages Number Description Event -148 Character data not allowed -144 Character data too long -141 Invalid character data -140 Character data error -128 Numeric data not allowed -124 Too many digits -123 Exponent too large -121...
Page 230 Status and Error Messages Table B-1 (cont.) Status and error messages Number Description Event +308 Buffer available +309 Buffer half full +310 Buffer full +311 Buffer overﬂow Calibration messages: +400 10 vdc zero error +401 100 vdc zero error +402 10 vdc full scale error +403 -10 vdc full scale error...
Page 231 Status and Error Messages Table B-1 (cont.) Status and error messages Number Description Event +458 1 vac noise error +459 10 vac zero error +460 10 vac full scale error +461 10 vac noise error +462 100 vac zero error +463 100 vac full scale error +464...
Page 232 Status and Error Messages Table B-1 (cont.) Status and error messages Number Description Event +800 RS-232 Framing Error detected +802 RS-232 Overrun detected +803 RS-232 Break detected +805 Invalid system communication +806 RS-232 Settings Lost +807 RS-232 OFLO: Characters Lost +808 ASCII only with RS-232 +900...
Page 233: Example Programs
Example Pro- grams Example Programs...
Page 234: Program Examples
Example Programs Program examples All examples presume QuickBASIC version 4.5 or higher and a CEC IEEE-488 interface card with CEC driver version 2.11 or higher, with the Model 2010 at address 16 on the IEEE-488 bus. Changing function and range The Model 2010 has independent controls for each of its measurement functions.
Page 235 Example Programs 'Example program to demonstrate changing function and range, 'taking readings on various functions 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card 'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi' 'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize(21, 0) 'Reset the SENSe1 subsystem settings, along with the trigger 'model, each READ? will cause one trigger...
Page 236: One-Shot Triggering
Changing any of the settings in the TRIGger subsystem does not automatically arm the Model 2010 for triggers. The following program sets up the Model 2010 to take one reading each time it receives an external trigger pulse. 'Example program to demonstrate one-shot external triggering 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card...
Page 237: Generating Srq On Buffer Full
When your program must wait until the Model 2010 has completed an operation, it is more efﬁcient to program the 2010 to assert the IEEE-488 SRQ line when it is ﬁnished, rather than repeatedly serial polling the instrument. An IEEE-488 controller will typically address the instrument to talk and then unaddress it each time it performs a serial poll.
Page 238: Storing Readings In Buffer
TRACe:FEED:CONTrol NEXT The following example program sets up the Model 2010 to take 20 readings as fast as it can into the buffer, and then reads the data back after the buffer has ﬁlled.
Page 239 'TRACe subsystem is not affected by *RST CALL SEND(16, "trac:poin 20", status%) CALL SEND(16, "trac:feed sens1;feed:cont next", status%) 'Start everything CALL SEND(16, "init", status%) 'Initialize reading$ while the 2010 is busy taking readings reading$ = SPACE$(4000) WaitSRQ: IF (NOT(srq%)) THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL(16, poll%, status%) IF (poll% AND 64)=0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SEND(16, "stat:meas?", status%)
Page 240: Taking Readings With The Scanner Card
Example Programs Taking readings with the scanner card The Model 2000-SCAN is an optional 10-channel scanner card for the Model 2010 Multimeter. Only one channel can be closed at a time. If you close a channel while another is already closed, the ﬁrst one opens with break-before-make operation.
Page 241 Example Programs 'Example program to demonstrate taking readings on different 'scanner channels 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card 'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi' 'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize(21, 0) 'Reset controls in INIT, ARM;LAY1, ARM:LAY2, and TRIG subsystems 'and put trigger model in IDLE state, set function to DCV...
Page 242 15 seconds apart, and each of the three readings in each group taken as fast as possible. The Model 2010 stores the readings in the buffer and asserts SRQ when the buffer is full. The program waits for the SRQ, and then reads the readings from the buffer.
Page 243 'Now the buffer is armed CALL SEND(16, "rout:scan (@1:3)", status%) CALL SEND(16, "rout:scan:lsel int", status%) 'Start everything CALL SEND(16, "init", status%) 'Initialize reading$ while the 2010 is busy taking readings reading$ = SPACE$(2500) WaitSRQ: IF (NOT(srq%()) THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL(16, poll%, status%) IF (poll% AND 64)=0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SEND(16, "stat:meas?", status%)
Page 244: Taking Readings Using The :Read? Command
This example program illustrates the use of the Keithley Model 2010 interfaced to the RS-232 COM2 port. The Model 2010 is set up to take 100 readings at the fastest possible rate (2000 per second). The readings are taken, sent across the serial port, and displayed on the screen.
Page 245 Example Programs C-13 PRINT #1, “:INIT:CONT OFF;:ABORT” ‘ Init off PRINT #1, “:SENS:FUNC ‘VOLT:DC” ‘ DCV PRINT #1, “:SYST:AZER:STAT OFF” ‘ Auto zero off PRINT #1, “:SENS:VOLT:DC:AVER:STAT OFF” ‘ Filter off PRINT #1, “:SENS:VOLT:DC:NPLC 0.01” ‘ NPLC = 0.01 PRINT #1, “:SENS:VOLT:DC:RANG 10” ‘...
Page 246 C-14 Example Programs...
Page 247 Models 196/ 199 Com- mands Models 196/199 Commands...
Page 248: Models 196/199 Commands
AC current dB), range, analog and digital ﬁlter, rate, calibration, factory defaults, and self-test do not map one-for-one. Also note that the Model 2010 does not have the speed characteristics of the Models 196/199. Other commands of the Model 2010 have been added to the 196/199 command set, such as frequency, temperature, and scanning.
Page 249 Models 196/199 Commands Table D-1 (cont.) Models 196/199 device-dependent command summary Mode Command Description Filter Filter disabled Moving ﬁlter (count = 10) Repeat ﬁlter (count = 10) Rate 0.1 PLC integration Line cycle integration (16.67ms, 60Hz; 20ms, 50Hz) 10 PLC (166.67ms integration, 60Hz; 200ms integration, 50Hz) Trigger mode Continuous on Talk...
Page 250: Table D-1 Models 196/199 Device-Dependent Command Summary
Models 196/199 Commands Table D-1 (cont.) Models 196/199 device-dependent command summary Mode Command Description EOI and bus hold-off Enable EOI and bus hold-off on X Disable EOI, enable bus hold-off on X Enable EOI, disable bus hold-off on X Disable both EOI and bus hold-off on X Terminator CR LF LF CR...
Page 251 Models 196/199 Commands Table D-1 (cont.) Models 196/199 device-dependent command summary Mode Command Description Scanning Open all - stop scanning or stepping if applicable Close channel 1 Close channel 2 Close channel 1 Close channel 4 Close channel 5 Close channel 6 Close channel 7 Close channel 8 Close channel 9...
Page 252 Models 196/199 Commands For the ohms function, the selected range depends on the Firmware Revision of the Model 2010. The ﬁrmware revision is displayed during power-up. Example display message for A12 ﬁrmware: REV A12 A02 Table D-2 summarizes ohms ranges for various ﬁrmware revision levels.
Page 253: Ieee-488 Bus Overview
IEEE-488 Bus Overview IEEE-488 Bus Overview...
Page 254: Introduction
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Introduction The IEEE-488 bus is a communication system between two or more electronic devices. A device can be either an instrument or a computer. When a computer is used on the bus, it serves as a supervisor of the communication exchange between all the devices and is known as the controller.
Page 255 IEEE-488 Bus Overview Figure E-1 TO OTHER DEVICES IEEE-488 bus configuration DEVICE 1 ABLE TO TALK, LISTEN AND CONTROL (COMPUTER) DATA BUS DEVICE 2 ABLE TO TALK AND LISTEN 7001 DATA BYTE TRANSFER CONTROL DEVICE 3 ONLY ABLE TO LISTEN (PRINTER) GENERAL INTERFACE...
Page 256: Bus Lines
The IEEE-488 standards also include another addressing mode called secondary addressing. Secondary addresses lie in the range of $60-$7F. Note, however, that many devices, including the Model 2010, do not use secondary addressing. Once a device is addressed to talk or listen, the appropriate bus transactions take place. For example, if the instrument is addressed to talk, it places its data string on the bus one byte at a time.
Page 257: Handshake Lines
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Handshake lines The bus handshake lines operate in an interlocked sequence. This method ensures reliable data transmission regardless of the transfer rate. Generally, data transfer will occur at a rate determined by the slowest active device on the bus. One of the three handshake lines is controlled by the source (the talker sending information), while the remaining two lines are controlled by accepting devices (the listener or listeners receiving the information).
Page 258: Bus Commands
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Bus commands The instrument may be given a number of special bus commands through the IEEE-488 interface. The following paragraphs brieﬂy describe the purpose of the bus commands which are grouped into the following three categories. Uniline commands — Sent by setting the associated bus lines true. For example, to assert REN (Remote Enable), the REN line would be set low (true).
Page 259: Uniline Commands
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Uniline commands ATN, IFC and REN are asserted only by the controller. SRQ is asserted by an external device. EOI may be asserted either by the controller or other devices depending on the direction of data transfer. The following is a description of each command. Each command is sent by setting the corresponding bus line true.
Page 260: Addressed Multiline Commands
ORing the address with $40. Talk commands are used to address devices to talk. SCG (Secondary Command Group) — Commands in this group provide additional addressing capabilities. Many devices (including the Model 2010) do not use these commands. Unaddress commands The two unaddress commands are used by the controller to remove any talkers or listeners from the bus.
Page 261: Common Commands
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Common commands Common commands are commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and deﬁned by the IEEE-488.2 standard. Generally, these commands are sent as one or more ASCII characters that tell the device to perform a common operation, such as reset.
Page 262: Figure E-3 Command Codes
E-10 IEEE-488 Bus Overview Figure E-3 Command codes Address Primary Address Primary Address Primary Address Primary Command Command...
Page 263: Typical Command Sequences
IEEE-488 Bus Overview E-11 Typical command sequences For the various multiline commands, a speciﬁc bus sequence must take place to properly send the command. In particular, the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will respond to addressed commands. Table E-3 lists a typical bus sequence for sending the addressed multiline commands.
Page 264: Ieee Command Groups
E-12 IEEE-488 Bus Overview IEEE command groups Command groups supported by the Model 2010 are listed in Table E-5. Common commands and SCPI commands are not included in this list. Table E-5 IEEE command groups HANDSHAKE COMMAND GROUP NDAC = NOT DATA ACCEPTED...
Page 265: Interface Function Codes
Open collector bus drivers No Extended Talker capability No Extended Listener capability The codes deﬁne Model 2010 capabilities as follows: SH (Source Handshake Function) — SH1 deﬁnes the ability of the instrument to initiate the transfer of message/data over the data bus.
Page 266 DC (Device Clear Function) — DC1 deﬁnes the ability of the instrument to be cleared (initialized). DT (Device Trigger Function) — DTI deﬁnes the ability of the Model 2010 to have readings triggered. C (Controller Function) — The instrument does not have controller capabilities (C0).
Page 267: Ieee-488 And Scpi Conformance Information
IEEE-488 and SCPI Conform- ance Informa- tion IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information...
Page 268: Introduction
The Model 2010 complies with SCPI version 1991.0. Table 5-2 through Table 5-11 list the SCPI conﬁrmed commands and the non-SCPI commands implemented by the Model 2010. Table F-1 IEEE-488 documentation requirements Requirements Description or reference IEEE-488 Interface Function Codes.
Page 269: Table F-2 Coupled Commands
IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information Table F-2 Coupled commands Command Also changes :TRAC:POIN :TRAC:FEED:CONT :TRAC:CLE :TRAC:FEED:CONT Sense Subsystem Commands: ...:RANG:UPP ...:RANG:AUTO ...:REF:ACQ ...:REF presently displayed reading :ROUT:CLOS :ROUT:SCAN:LSEL NONE :ROUT:OPEN:ALL :ROUT:SCAN:LSEL NONE :ROUT:SCAN:INT :ROUT:SCAN:LSEL ... = Valid function command words (i.e., :VOLT:DC, :VOLT:AC, etc.)
Page 270 IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information...
Page 271 Index Symbols *CLS — Clear Status 4-34 *ESE — Event Enable 4-35 :ABORt command 5-73 *ESE? — Event Enable Query 4-35 :AVERage commands 5-47 *ESR? — Event Status Register Query 4-36 :AZERo commands 5-67 *IDN? — Identification Query 4-38 :BEEPer command 5-64 *OPC —...
Page 272 2-16, 2-20, 2-22, 2-24, 2-29, Statements 4-12 2-31, 2-36, 2-37 General Information Control source and event detection General purpose probes Controlling the Model 2010 via the RS-232 Generating SRQ on buffer full COM2 port C-12 GET (group execute trigger) 4-14 Counters...
Page 273 Program message terminator (PMT) 4-32 Program messages 4-30 Limit operations 3-18 Programming syntax 4-27 Line frequency query 5-70 Line power connection LLO (local lockout) 4-13 Query commands 4-29 LOCAL key 4-15 Queues 4-20 Long-form and short-form versions 4-29 QuickBASIC 4.5 programming 4-10 Low level considerations 2-17...
Page 274 Self-test 3-30 Testing diodes 2-37 Sending and receiving data Thermal EMFs 2-18 Sending a response message 4-33 Thermocouple commands 5-50 Sending and receiving data Threshold resistance level 2-36 [SENSe[1]] subsystem 5-37 Timing 3-26 Serial poll and SRQ 4-23 Trigger level 2-28 Service request enable register 4-22...
Page 275 Service Form Model No. ___________________________ Serial No. _____________ Date __________ Name and Telephone No. ________________________________________________________ Company ______________________________________________________________________ List all control settings, describe problem and check boxes that apply to problem. _________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ❑ Intermittent ❑ Analog output follows display ❑...
Page 278 Specifications are subject to change without notice. All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) •...

Keithley 2010 User Manual

1 General Information

2 Basic Measurements

3 Measurement Options

4 Remote Operation

5 SCPI Command Reference

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