Distance Characteristics - GE D60 Instruction Manual
Line distance relay
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Also See for D60:
- Instruction manual (826 pages) ,
- Communications manual (532 pages) ,
- Instruction manual (490 pages)
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8.1 DISTANCE ELEMENTS
a) DEFINITIONS
The relay shapes its distance characteristics using phase angle comparators and voltage and current phasors estimated as
described in the previous section.
The following definitions pertain to all of the distance functions:
I
, I
, I
phase A, B, and C current phasors
A
B
C
I
ground current from a parallel line
G
V
, V
, V
phase A to ground, phase B to ground, and phase C to ground voltage phasors
A
B
C
()_1
positive-sequence phasor of () derived from the phase quantities
()_2
negative-sequence phasor of () derived from the phase quantities
()_0
zero-sequence phasor of () derived from the phase quantities
()M
memorized value of ()
Z
reach impedance (
Z
reverse reach impedance for non-directional applications (
REV
directional characteristic impedance (1 ∠
Z
D
Z
right blinder characteristic impedance: Z
R
Z
left blinder characteristic impedance: Z
L
K0
zero-sequence compensating factor: K0 = (
K0M
mutual zero-sequence compensating factor: K0M = 1/3 x
Θ
non-homogeneity angle setting (
b) DIRECTIONAL MHO CHARACTERISTIC
The dynamic 100% memory polarized mho characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between:
AB phase element:
BC phase element:
CA phase element:
A ground element:
B ground element:
C ground element:
The limit angle of the comparator is adjustable enabling the user to shape the characteristic as a mho or a lens as shown in
the figures below.The memory-polarized mho characteristic has an excellent directional integrity built-in as explained in the
Memory Polarization section.
X
8
MHO CHARACTERISTIC
8-2
∠
)
REACH
RCA
NON-HOMOGEN ANG
(I
– I
) × Z – (V
– V
)
and
A
B
A
B
(I
– I
) × Z – (V
– V
)
and
B
C
B
C
) × Z – (V
(I
– I
– V
)
and
C
A
C
A
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I
× K0M × Z – V
I
A
G
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I
× K0M × Z – V
I
B
G
× Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I
× K0M × Z – V
I
C
G
Reach setting
Comparator angle setting= 90
R
Figure 8–1: MHO AND LENS CHARACTERISTICS
D60 Line Distance Relay
REV REACH
)
DIR RCA
=
× sin (
RGT BLD
RGT BLD RCA
R
× sin (
=
LFT BLD
LFT BLD RCA
L
∠
) – 1
Z0/Z1 MAG
Z0/Z1 ANG
Z0M/Z1 MAG
)
(V
– V
)_1M
A
B
(V
– V
)_1M
B
C
(V
– V
)_1M
C
A
and
V
_1M
A
A
and
V
_1M
B
B
and
V
_1M
C
C
X
837715A2.CDR
8 THEORY OF OPERATION
8.1.3 DISTANCE CHARACTERISTICS
∠
+ 180°)
REV REACH RCA
) × 1∠ (
– 90°)
RGT BLD RCA
) × 1∠ (
+ 90°)
LFT BLD RCA
∠
Z0M/Z1 ANG
Reach setting
Comparator angle setting < 90
R
LENS CHARACTERISTIC
GE Multilin
837714A2.CDR
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