Sulfur Oxides (Sox); Air Pollution; Natural Pollutants; Industrial Pollutants - Chevrolet Trailblazer Service Manual

Sulfur Oxides (SOx)

Sulfur oxides consist of various amounts of oxygen and sulfur. Sulfur oxides result from
the burning of lower grades of fossil fuels, such as coal or oil.

Air Pollution

The earth's atmosphere, at or near sea level, consists approximately of 78 percent
nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent other gases. If it were possible to remain in this
state, 100 percent clean air would result. However, many varied sources allow other gases
and particulates to mix with the clean air, causing our atmosphere to become unclean or
polluted.
Some of these pollutants are visible while others are invisible, with each having the
capability of causing distress to the eyes, ears, throat, skin and respiratory system. Should
these pollutants become concentrated in a specific area and under certain conditions,
death could result due to the displacement or chemical change of the oxygen content in
the air. These pollutants can also cause great damage to the environment and to the many
man made objects that are exposed to the elements.
To better understand the causes of air pollution, the pollutants can be categorized into 3
separate types, natural, industrial and automotive.

Natural Pollutants

Natural pollution has been present on earth since before man appeared and continues to
be a factor when discussing air pollution, although it causes only a small percentage of the
overall pollution problem. It is the direct result of decaying organic matter, wind born
smoke and particulates from such natural events as plain and forest fires (ignited by heat
or lightning), volcanic ash, sand and dust which can spread over a large area of the
countryside.
Such a phenomenon of natural pollution has been seen in the form of volcanic eruptions,
with the resulting plume of smoke, steam and volcanic ash blotting out the sun's rays as it
spreads and rises higher into the atmosphere. As it travels into the atmosphere the upper
air currents catch and carry the smoke and ash, while condensing the steam back into
water vapor. As the water vapor, smoke and ash travel on their journey, the smoke
dissipates into the atmosphere while the ash and moisture settle back to earth in a trail
hundreds of miles long. In some cases, lives are lost and millions of dollars of property
damage result.

Industrial Pollutants

Industrial pollution is caused primarily by industrial processes, the burning of coal, oil and
natural gas, which in turn produce smoke and fumes. Because the burning fuels contain
large amounts of sulfur, the principal ingredients of smoke and fumes are sulfur dioxide
and particulate matter. This type of pollutant occurs most severely during still, damp and
cool weather, such as at night. Even in its less severe form, this pollutant is not confined to
just cities. Because of air movements, the pollutants move for miles over the surrounding
countryside, leaving in its path a barren and unhealthy environment for all living things.