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compression: The translation of data (video, audio, digital or a combination) to a more
compact form for storage or transmission. In computer terms, files are
compressed by removing repetitive and blank characters. Depending on the
type of file, this can result in a size reduction of over 90%. Modems use
compression to reduce the amount of time needed to send or receive a file.
computer system: A central processing unit with its associated devices, such as disk
drives, keyboard and screen, and essential software such as the operating
system and device drivers.
configuration: 1) The set of components in a computer system (such as memory, printers
and disk drives). 2) How parts of the system are set up. For example, the
configuration of the serial port includes the baud rate, parity, data bits and stop
bits.
configuration (.CFG) file: A file that contains the operating specifications and attributes of
a device or program, or contains information about a file or user. For an
expansion board, it provides such information as switch settings, interrupts,
DMA, I/O ports, and system memory.
controller: An electronic device that automatically operates a unit or regulates a process.
For example, the computer's built-in disk drive controller takes information from
the computer and translates it into a form usable by the hard drive. Unlike an
adapter, which in its simplest form can be hardware only, a controller always
includes firmware or software. A controller can take a number of forms, such
as a chip on the motherboard or an add-in board. See also adapter, firmware,
hardware, software.
conventional memory: The first 640 KB of random access memory (RAM) where the
operating system runs programs and stores information. Also called base
memory.
cursor: A symbol that indicates the current position on the screen. The shape of the
cursor varies, depending on the program you're using and what you're doing.
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