Volvo Penta D5 Operator's Manual page 72

Technical Data
• Min cetane number: 40
An insufficient cetane number ("ignitability") leads to poor startability and increased exhaust emissions.
•
Max density at 15°C: 860 kg/m
Insufficient density reduces the power and increases the fuel consumption. Excessive density endangers
the durability and function of the fuel injection equipment.
•
Viscosity between 1.9 to 4.6 mm/s
Insufficient viscosity reduces the power and increases the fuel consumption. Excessive viscosity endangers
the durability and function of the fuel injection equipment.
• Max lubricity (wsd 1.4): 520 μm
Sufficient fuel lubricity is essential to protect the fuel injection system against excessive wear.
• Max FAME (biodiesel) content: 10% (V/V)
FAME is blended into diesel fuel. For engines with exhaust after-treatment system max 10% FAME (B10).
• Max sulfur content: 1000 mg/kg for engines with exhaust after-treatment systems.
• Max sulfur content: 5000 mg/kg for engines without exhaust after-treatment systems.
Paraffinic fuels - HVO and GTL
Paraffinic diesel fuels ("Synthetic Diesel") have higher cetane numbers and lower densities than diesel fuels. HVO
(Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils) is renewable paraffinic fuels. GTL (Gas-To-Liquid) is fossil paraffinic fuels. Volvo
Penta approves the use of paraffinic diesel fuels that complies with standard EN 15940. The fuel guarantees
compliance with emission legislation and fulfills the expected lifetime as long as the service requirements are
followed. Volvo Penta also approves the use of fuel blends between these paraffinic fuels and diesel fuels that
comply with the quality requirements.
Biodiesel fuels
Alternative fuels including biodiesel that are not substantially similar to the required test fuels may adversely affect
engine emissions compliance. As a result, Volvo Penta does not warrant the engine will conform to applicable
emissions limits when operated on, or having been operated on, biodiesel or other alternative fuels that are not
substantially similar to specified test fuels used for certification. The use of biodiesel up to maximum 10% (B10)
in and of itself, will not affect the manufacturers mechanical warranty, provided the biodiesel used in blend
conforms to EN590, EN16734, ASTM D975 and ASTM D7467. Other relevant local fuel standards that fulfill the
above mentioned standards may also be used. A minor drop in engine power will occur when using biodiesel.
NOTICE! FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esther) blended fuel has the disadvantage that fungi/bacteria/oxidation will
occur after some time depending on ambient temperature, sun light, water in the fuel tank, how aged the fuel was
when filling etc. These problems increase with higher amount of FAME. The FAME fuel is also hygroscopic which
can increase the fungi problem. Therefore the recommendation is not to use more than 10% FAME in the fuel,
unless frequently refilling of the fuel tanks. During longer periods than 4 weeks, without refilling, the
recommendation is to not to use diesel fuel with any FAME at all. The engine problem that will occur is clogged
fuel filters and an unplanned engine stop.
Higher levels of biodiesel up to B30 may be used with restrictions. Fuel according to EN 16709 or ASTM D7467,
or relevant local fuel standards that fulfill mentioned biodiesel fuel standards must be used. Volvo Penta does not
warrant the engine will conform to applicable emissions limits when operated on biodiesel or another alternative
fuels, that are not substantially similar to specified test fuels used for certification.
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47713336 03-2021 © AB VOLVO PENTA