Gre Encapsulation And De-Encapsulation Processes; Protocols And Standards - HP 10500 Series Configuration Manual

GRE over IPv4—The transport protocol is IPv4, and the passenger protocol is any network layer
•
protocol.
GRE over IPv6—The transport protocol is IPv6, and the passenger protocol is any network layer
•
protocol.

GRE encapsulation and de-encapsulation processes

The following encapsulation process and de-encapsulation process use
protocol packet traverses the IP network through a GRE tunnel.
Figure 80 X protocol networks interconnected through a GRE tunnel
Encapsulation process
After receiving an X protocol packet through the interface connected to Group 1, Device A submits
1.
it to the X protocol for processing.
The X protocol checks the destination address field in the packet header to determine how to route
2.
the packet.
If the packet must be tunneled to reach its destination, Device A sends it to the tunnel interface.
3.
Upon receipt of the packet, the tunnel interface encapsulates it in a GRE packet. Then, the system
4.
encapsulates the packet in an IP packet and forwards the IP packet based on its destination
address and the routing table.
Some switches cannot forward encapsulated packets directly according to the destination address and
the routing table. On such a switch, the encapsulated packets are first sent to the service loopback
interface and then forwarded by the service loopback interface back to the forwarding module, which
forwards the packets at Layer 3.
De-encapsulation process
De-encapsulation is the reverse of the encapsulation process:
Upon receiving an IP packet from the tunnel interface, Device B checks the destination address.
1.
If the destination is itself and the protocol number in the IP header is 47 (the protocol number for
2.
GRE), Device B strips off the IP header of the packet and submits the resulting packet to the GRE
protocol.
The GRE protocol checks the key, checksum and sequence number in the packet, and then strips
3.
off the GRE header and submits the payload to the X protocol for forwarding.
Encapsulation and de-encapsulation processes at both ends of the GRE tunnel and the resulting increase
in data volumes degrade the forwarding efficiency of a GRE-enabled device to some extent.

Protocols and standards

RFC 1701, Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
•
RFC 1702, Generic Routing Encapsulation over IPv4 networks
•
RFC 2784, Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
•
190
Figure 80 to describe how an X