Page 1 User’s Guide...
Page 2 HP part number: 08712-90056 Printed in USA February 1998 Supersedes: October 1997 Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
Page 3 HP 871X and HP 8714C RF Network Analyzers The HP 8712C and HP 8714C are easy-to-use RF network analyzers optimized for production measurements ,of reflection and transmission parameters. The instrument integrates an RF synthesized source, transmission/reflection test set, multi-mode receivers, and display in one compact box.
Page 4 How to Use This Guide The first 7 chapters of this guide explain how to perform measurements, calibrate the instrument, and use the most common instrument functions. Chapters 8 through 12 are reference material. Use these chapters to look up information such as front panel features, specific key functions and specifications.
Page 5: Table Of Contents
1. Installing the Analyzer Step 1. Check the Shipment ... . . Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements . Step 3. Check the Analyzer Operation ..Step 4.
Page 6 Calibrate For a Reflection Response Measurement . . . 3-25 DUT ....Connect the 3-27 View and Interpret the Reflection Measurement Results 3-28 Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection 3-30...
Page 7 4. Using Instrument Functions Using Markers ....To Activate Markers ....To Turn Markers Off .
Page 8 To Turn Off Spur Avoidance ... . To Avoid Frequency Bandcrossings by Minimizing the Span (HP 8714C only) ... . . 5-10 Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range .
Page 9 6. Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Measurement Calibration Overview ..The Calibration Reference Plane ..Determine if a Calibration is Necessary ..When a Calibration Is Not Necessary .
Page 10 Analyzer Port Numbers ....7-39 Output for Large Screen External Monitor ..7-40 Measurement Setup and Control with Fast Recall ..7-41 Using Fast Recall with the Front Panel or a Keyboard .
Page 11 8. Front/Rear Panel Connectors ..... BNC Connectors ....
Page 12 10. Specifications and Characteristics 10-2 ....System Specifications 10-2 Dynamic Range ....10-3 .
Page 13 Ventilation Clearance Requirements ... . Analyzer Rear Panel Line Module and Selected Connectors . . HP-IB Connection Configurations ... . . 1-13 Maximum and Minimum Protrusion of Center Conductor From .
Page 14 Contents 3-20. Example of a Phase-Derived Delay Measurement Display 3-54 3-21. Equipment Setup For a Reflection Measurement of a Two-Port Device ..... . . 3-57 3-22.
Page 15 8-2. Analyzer Connectors - Rear Panel ... . . 8-3. HP-lB Connector and Cable ....’ . .
Page 16 Maximum HP-IB Cable Lengths ....1-14 3-16 4-74 4-2. Typical Print Times ....
Page 18 Installing the Analyzer This chapter will guide you through the four steps needed to correctly and safely install your network analyzer. The four steps are: 1. Check the Shipment 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements 3. Check the Analyzer Operation 4.
Page 19: Step 1. Check The Shipment
Step 1. Check the Shipment After you have unpacked your instrument, it is recommended that you keep the packaging materials so they may be used if your instrument should need to be returned for maintenance or repair. Check the items received against the Product Checklist (included in your shipment) to make sure that you received everything.
Page 20: Step 2. Meet Electrical And Environmental Requirements
Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements 1. Set the line voltage selector to the position that corresponds to the ac power source you will be using. Before switching on this instrument, make sure that the line voltage selector C A U T I O N switch is set to the voltage of the power supply and the correct fuse (T 5A 250 V) is installed.
Page 21 Installing the Analyzer Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements 2. Ensure the available ac power source meets the following requirements: 90 to 132 Vat 147 to 66 Hzl If the ac line voltage does not fall within these ranges, an autotransformer that provides third wire continuity to ground should be used.
Page 22: Protective Earth Ground
Installing the Analyzer Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements 4. Verify that the power cable is not damaged, and that the power source outlet provides a protective earth ground contact. Note that the following illustration depicts only one type of power source outlet. Refer to Figure 8- 11 to see the different types of power cord plugs that can be used with your analyzer.
Page 23: Ventilation Clearance Requirements
Installing the Analyzer Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements If this instrument is to be energized via an external autotransformer for W A R N I N G voltage reduction, make sure that its common terminal is connected to a neutral (earthed pole) of the power supply.
Page 24 7. Set up a static-safe workstation. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy components. R e s i s t o r table mat with earth ground wire: HP part number 9300-0797 wrist-strap cord with 1 Meg Ohm resistor: HP part number 9300-0960 HP part number 9300-1367...
Page 25: Step 3. Check The Analyzer Operation
1. Turn on the line switch of the analyzer. After approximately 30 seconds, a display box should appear on the screen with the following information: The model number of your analyzer (either HP 8712C or HP 8714C) The firmware revision...
Page 26: Step 4. Configure The Analyzer
Step 4. Configure the Analyzer You can begin making measurements by simply connecting your analyzer to an appropriate power source and turning it on. This section, however, will explain how to connect common peripherals and controllers, and how to install your analyzer into a rack system.
Page 27: Connecting Peripherals And Controllers
S W I T C H Figure l-4. Analyzer Rear Panel line Module and Selected Connectors Refer to Figure l-4: The HP-IB port is for use with computers and peripherals (printers, plotters, etc.) The parallel and RS-232 (serial) ports are also for peripherals. With Option...
Page 28 Installing the Analyzer Step 4. Configure the Analyzer general I/O control. See the BASIC User’s Handbook for information on using BASIC. The VIDEO OUT COLOR VGA port allows you to connect a color VGA monitor for enhanced viewing. See “Using an External VGA Monitor” in Chapter 4 for more information.
Page 29: Hp-Ib Connection Configurations
Installing the Analyzer Step 4. Configure the Analyzer HP-IB Connections An HP-IB system may be connected in any conEguration as long as the following rules are observed: The total number of devices is less than or equal to 15. The total length of all the cables used is less than or equal to 2 meters times the number of devices connected together up to an absolute maximum of 20 meters.
Page 30 Installing the Analyzer Step 4. Configure the Analyzer Table l-l. Maximum HP-IB Cable lengths in Systam of Dwicas Parallel and Serial Parallel and serial devices often require specific cables-check their manuals Connections for details. Parallel cable length should not exceed 25 feet. The analyzer may experience problems talking to a printer if this length is exceeded.
Page 31 (Eve), so changing the address is probably not necessary. ‘lb change the recognized address, press PMnt@r B&LB A&lr (number) N O T E Only one hardcopy HP-IB address can be set at a time. Changing the printer address, for example, changes the plotter to the same address. ) HP-II3...
Page 32 Select . LAN Printer (Option lF7 only): press [HARDCOPY) S@X%ct Copy Port , use the entry controls to highlight HP LaserJet PCL5/6 PCL5 LAN, and press S&,o~t . If the printer IP address at the top of the screen is incorrect, press X,AN PWrtsr IP addr to enter the correct IP address.
Page 33: Installing The Analyzer In A Rack
(handles) only. This rack mount kit allows you to mount the analyzer with or without handles. lb install the network analyzer in an HP 85043D rack, follow the instructions in the rack manual. lb install the network analyzer in other racks, note that they may promote...
Page 34: Preventive Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance Preventive maintenance consists of two tasks. It should be performed at least every six months-more often if the instrument is used daily on a production line or in a harsh environment. Clean the CRT Use a soft cloth and, if necessary, a mild cleaning solution. Check the RF Front Visually inspect the front panel connectors.
Page 35: Getting Started
Getting Started...
Page 36: Network Analyzer Front Panel Features
Getting Started The HP 8712C and HP 8714C are easy-to-use, fully integrated RF component test systems. Each instrument includes a synthesized source, a wide dynamic range receiver and a built-in test set. Controls are grouped by functional block, and settings are displayed on the instrument CRT. This section familiarizes new users with the layout of the front panel and the process of entering measurement parameters into the analyzer.
Page 37: Front Panel Tour
B S Y S T E M The system keys control system level functions. These include instrument preset, save/recall, and hardcopy output. HP-18 parameters end IBASIC are also controlled with these system keys. Use the number keys to enter a specific numeric value for a chosen parameter. Use the You can also use the front panel knob for making continuous adjustments to parameter values, while the m and 0 keys allow You to change values in steps.
Page 38: Entering Measurement Parameters
Entering Measurement Parameters This section describes how to input measurement parameter information into the network analyzer. N O T E When entering parameters, you can use the numeric key pad, as described in each example, or you can use the m (IJ keys or the front panel knob to enter data. N O T E When you are instructed to enter numeric values in this manual, it often can get cluttered and confusing to depict each key stroke.
Page 39: Connect The Filter To The Analyzer
Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Figure 2-2. Connect the Filter to the Analyzer...
Page 40 Reference 0 dB System Bandwidth Medium Wide HP 87121: only HP 8714C only 3 Preset power level can be set to other then 0 dBm if desired. See ‘Entering Source Power Level,’ later in this chapter for more information. N O T E The measurement parameters that you enter will be retained in the analyzer’s memory when the...
Page 41 Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Entering Frequency 1. Press the LFREQ) key to access the frequency softkey menu. Range softkeys. For instance if you set the center frequency to 160 MHz and the span to 300 MHz, the resulting frequency range would be 10 to 310 MHz. N O T E When entering frequencies, be sure to terminate Your numeric entry with the appropriate softkey to obtain the correct units.
Page 42 Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Entering Source Power 1. Press the CPOWER) key to access the power level softkey menu. Level N O T E Your analyzer’s power level (depending upon its option configuration) may not be settable to below 0 dam.
Page 43 Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Scaling the 1. Press the ~ZKCEJ key to access the scale menu. Measurement Trace 2. lb view the complete measurement trace on the display, press 4. ‘R move the reference position (indicated by the ) symbol on the left side of the display) to the first division down from the top of the display, press position is identified.
Page 44 Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Entering the Active The [MEASj and (jMEAs] keys allow you to choose which measurement Measurement Channel channel is active, and measurement parameters for that channel. When a and Type of particular measurement channel is active, its display is brighter than the Measurement inactive channel, and any changes made to measurement parameters will affect only the active measurement channel.
Page 45: Both Measurement Channels Active
Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Log Mag Log Mag 1 0 . 0 dB/ R e f 1 0 . 0 dB/ R e f 0 . 0 0 dB 0 . 0 0 dB Log Mag Log Mag 1 0 . 0 dB/ R e f 1 0 .
Page 46: Split Display
Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Viewing Measurement 1. ‘lb view only the measurement channel 2 reflection measurement press Channels 2. lb view both measurement channels again, press [MEAsJ 3. lb view both measurement channels separately on a split screen, press Log Mag 1 0 .
Page 47: Performing The Operator's Check
Performing the Operator’s Check The operator’s check should be performed when you receive your instrument, and any tune you wish to have confidence that the analyzer is working properly. The operator’s check does not verify performance to speciiications, but should give you a high degree of confidence that the instrument is performing properly if it passes.
Page 48: Equipment List
50.75 dB of insertion loss from 1.3 to 3.0 GHz. A known good load (> 40 dB return loss) that matches the test port impedance of your analyzer such as one from calibration kit HP 85032BE (50 Q) or HP 85036B/E (75 0). 2-14...
Page 49: Make A Transmission Measurement
Getting Started Performing the Operator’s Check 1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-6. Use a known good cable such as the one that was supplied with your analyzer. N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R RF OUT RF IN Figure 2.6.
Page 50: Verify Transmission Measurement
Getting Started Performing the Operator’s Check 0 . 0 0 dS L o g M a g s t o p 3 0 0 0 . 0 ~ 00 MH S t a r t 0 . 3 0 0 M H z Figure 2-7.
Page 51: Make A Reflection Measurement
Getting Started Performing the Operator’s Check Leave the cable connected to the analyzer. Press @EXi1) Reflection (?Ei@ Ilo] Enter . Verify that the data trace falls completely below -16 dB. See Figure 2-8 for a typical result. 10.0 dB/ 0.00 Reflection Log Mag Results...
Page 52: Connect The Load
Getting Started Performing the Operator’s Check N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R L O A D Figure 2-9. Connect the load 5. Verify that the data trace falls below -30 dB. If the data trace is off the screen, press [EiKF] moves up onto the screen.
Page 53: If The Analyzer Fails The Operator's Check
Getting Started First, repeat the operator’s check using a different cable and load to eliminate these as a possible cause of failure. If your analyzer does not meet the criteria in the operator’s check, your analyzer may need adjustment or servicing. Have a qualified service technician check the instrument or contact any Hewlett-Packard Sales or Service Office for assistance.
Page 54: Making Measurements
Making Measurements...
Page 55 Making Measurements This chapter provides an overview of basic network analyzer measurement theory, a section explaining the typical measurement sequence, a segment describing the use of the [BEGIN] key, and detailed examples of the following measurements: Measuring Transmission Response Measuring Reflection Response Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection Measuring Conversion Loss Measuring AM Delay (Option 1DA or 1DB)
Page 56: Measuring Devices With Your Network Analyzer
Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer This section provides a basic overview of how the network analyzer measures devices. The analyzer has an RF signal source that produces an incident signal that is used as a stimulus to the device under test. Your device responds by reflecting a portion of the incident signal and transmitting (or perhaps altering and transmitting) the remaining signal.
Page 57 Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Refer to Figure 3-2 for the following discussion regarding detection schemes and modes. The transmitted signal (routed to input B) and the reflected signal (input A) are measured by comparison to the incident signal. The network analyzer couples off a small portion of the incident signal to use as a reference signal (routed to input R).
Page 58: Simplified Block Diagram
Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer A - - - - - - i o n Figure 3-2. Simplified Block Diagram...
Page 59 Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Refer to Figure 3-3 for the following discussion. The network analyzer receiver has two signal detection modes: broadband detection mode narrowband detection mode There are two internal broadband detector inputs: B* and R*. External broadband detectors can also be used when connected to the X and Y ports on the rear panel of the analyzer.
Page 60: Block Diagram
Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer E x t e r n a l D e t e c t o r s I n p u t R E A R P A N E L A U X I n p u t R e f l e c t e d ;...
Page 61 Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer The following table shows the correlation between different types of measurements, input channels and signals. Measurement Detection Mode Input Channels Input Signals Transmission Narrowband transmitted/incident Reflection Narrowband reflected/incident Power Broadband transmitted Conversion loss Broadband transmitted/incident...
Page 62: When To Use Attenuation And Amplification In A Measurement Setup
Making Measurements Measuring D8ViC8S with Your Network Analyzer When to Us8 For accurate measurements, use external attenuation to limit the power at Attenuation the RF IN port to + 10 dBm (for narrowband measurements) or + 16 dBm (for broadband measurements). C A U T I O N device’s output power exceeds the receiver damage limit of +23 dBm or Use attenuation on the RF IN port to reduce mismatch errors.
Page 63: When To Change The System Impedance
Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Analyzers with a system characteristic impedance of 50 or 75 ohms, may be switched to the alternate impedance. If using minimum loss pads for impedance conversions, the alternate impedance should be selected so that the measurement results are displayed relative to the conversion impedance.
Page 64: The Typical Measurement Sequence
Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer A typical measurement consists of performing four major steps: Step 1. Enter the The easiest way to set up the analyzer’s parameters for a simple Measurement measurement is to use the (BEGIN) key. (See “Using the BEGIN Key to Make Parameters Measurements,”...
Page 65: Using The Begin Key To Make Measurements
Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements B E G I N N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R Figure 3-4. The (EiZiK) Key The @EEi@ key allows you to quickly and easily configure the analyzer (from the @Zi?ZF] condition) to measure the following devices: broadband passive devices cables (Option 100 only)
Page 66 Making Measurements Using the BEGIN Kay to Make Measurements The @E%i] key sets up a generic instrument state for the testing of various types of devices. The (BEGIN) key has two different behaviors, depending on whether you are selecting a new device type, or a new meusurement type. Selecting a New Device When you use the [WI key to select a new device type and measurement, the analyzer does the following:...
Page 67 Making Measurements Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements N O T E If the new measurement selected is a broadband measurement such as power, conversion loss, or AM a start frequency below 10 MHz and you choose power, conversion loss, or AM delay, the start frequency will be changed to 10 MHz.
Page 68: Using The
Making Measurements Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements This procedure shows you how to configure the network analyzer for measurements. Press (j-1. Presetting the instruments puts it into a known state with Press (jBEGlNJ and then use a softkey to select the type of device that you will be measuring (amplifier, hlter, broadband passive device, mixer, or cable).
Page 69 Medium Wide Medium Wide Narrow 1 Options 1OA and 10B only HP 871X HP 8714C 4 Preset power level is user-defined by using the Level softkqc The factory default is 0 darn. 5 Maximum power is dependent upon the option configuration of your analyzer. See Chapter 10 to determine the maximum specified power for your analyzer.
Page 70: The User Begin Function (Option Lc2 Only)
Making Measurements Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements The User BEGIN softkey gives you the capability to redefine the C-1 key menu and install user-defined macro functions. The USW REGIN key is only available if your analyzer has BASIC (Option lC2) installed. Use this key to define macros such as: Macros must be deiined within an IBASIC program.
Page 71: Measuring Transmission Response
Measuring Transmission Response This section uses an example measurement to describe how to calibrate for and make a basic transmission response measurement. In this example, a used. Press c-1 on the analyzer to set the analyzer to the default mode which includes measuring transmission on measurement channel 1.
Page 72: Calibrate For A Transmission Response Measurement
Making Measurements Measuring Transmission Response Your analyzer can provide highly accurate measurements without performing any additional user-calibrations if certain conditions are met. This example describes how to perform an enhanced transmission response calibration. When you perform an enhanced transmission response calibration, the analyzer performs correction at the selected number of data points across the selected frequency band.
Page 73 Making Measurements Measuring Transmission Response 4. The analyzer will measure each standard and then calculate the new calibration coefficients. The message “Calibration complete. ’ will appear for a few seconds when the analyzer is done calculating the new error correction array. 5.
Page 74: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Measuring Transmission Response N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R T E S T Figure 3-5. Equipment Setup For e Transmission Response Measurement 3 - 2 1...
Page 75: View And Interpret The Transmission Measurement Results
Making Measurements Measuring Transmission Response 1. RI view the entire measurement trace on the display, press 2. ‘lb interpret the transmission measurement, refer to Figure 3-6 or your analyzer’s display if you are making this measurement on your instrument. a. The values shown on the horizontal axis are the frequencies in MHz. The values shown on the vertical axis are the power ratios in decibels incident power.
Page 76 Making Measurements Measuring Transmission Response Log Mag - 1 4 0 S t a r t 0 . 3 0 0 M H z S t o p 3 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 M H z Figure 3-6. Example of a Transmission Measurement Display 5.
Page 77: Measuring Reflection Response
Measuring Reflection Response This section uses an example measurement to describe how to calibrate for and make a basic reflection response measurement. In this example, a used. Press the following keys on the analyzer: N O T E This example measurement uses the default instrument parameters for a reflection response measurement.
Page 78: Calibrate For A Reflection Response Measurement
To perform a reflection one-port calibration you will need one of the following calibration kits depending on the nominal impedance of your analyzer: HP 850323 for 50 !I type-N female connector calibrations for type-N female or type-N male 50 Q connector calibrations...
Page 79: Equipment Setup For A Reflection Response Calibration
Making Measurements Measuring Reflection Response Chapter 6 provides detail about when this calibration is necessary. If you wish to calibrate your instrument for a reflection one-port measurement, perform the following steps: 2. The instrument will prompt you to connect three standards (open, short and load) and measure them.
Page 80: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Measuring Reflection Response NETWORK ANALYZER NETWORK ANALYZER Q ’ 0 L O A D Figure 3-8. Equipment Setup For a Reflection Measurement of a Two-Port Device NETWORK ANALYZER RF OUT D E V I C E U N D E R T E S T Figure 3-8.
Page 82: Example Of A Reflection Measurement Display
Making Measurements Measuring Reflection Response -15.00 5 . 0 L o g M a g - 3 0 - 3 5 S t a r t 0 . 3 0 0 M H z Figure 3.10. Example of a Reflection Measurement Display 3.
Page 83: Making A Power Measurement Using Broadband Detection
Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection Power measurements can be made using either narrowband or broadband detection. The example in this section is of a broadband power measurement, same frequency as the analyzer’s source, you can select @EEi) measurement. A narrowband power measurement only measures the power within the tuned receiver’s bandwidth centered at the source frequency.
Page 84: Enter The Measurement Parameters
Making Measurements Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection Press the following keys on the analyzer: N O T E This example measurement uses the default instrument parameters for a power measurement. If your particular power measurement requires specific parameters (such as frequency range, source power level, number of data points, and sweep time1 enter them now Damage to your analyzer will occur if the receiver input power exceeds C A U T I O N...
Page 85: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R T E S T Figure 3-l 1. Equipment Setup For a Power Measurement 3 - 3 2...
Page 86: View And Interpret The Power Measurement Results
Making Measurements Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection 2. Figure 3-12 shows the results of an example power measurement. 3. lb interpret the power measurement, refer to Figure 3-12 or your analyzer’s display if you are making this measurement on your instrument.
Page 87 Making Measurements Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection Power Log Mag Log Mag 0 . 5 dB/ R e f 0 . 5 dB/ R e f 5 . 0 0 dBm 5 . 0 0 dBm S t o p 1 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 M H z S t o p 1 3 0 0 .
Page 88: Measuring Conversion Loss
Measuring Conversion Loss Conversion loss is the ratio of IF output power to RF input power expressed in dB. This section uses an example measurement to describe how to measure the conversion loss of a broadband mixer. When characterizing a device’s conversion loss, the analyzer uses broadband detection to compare the transmitted signal (B*) to the reference signal (R*).
Page 89: Filtering Out The Unwanted Mixing Product
Making Measurements Measuring Conversion loss 2 0 0 1100 7 0 0 9 0 0 M H z M H z ( R F - L O ) ( R F ) (RF+LO) 2 0 0 Figure 3-13. Filtering Out the Unwanted Mixing Product Inserting a 700 MHz bandpass filter in the measurement setup removes the unwanted signals at 200 MHz, 900 MHz and 1100 MHz, providing an accurate measurement of the desired IF signal at 700 MHz.
Page 90: Enter The Measurement Parameters
Making Measurements Measuring Conversion loss Press the following keys on the analyzer: (PRESET) N O T E This example measurement uses the default instrument parameters for a conversion loss measurement. If your particular conversion loss measurement requires specific parameters isuch as frequency range, source power level, number of data points, and sweeptimel enter them now 3-37...
Page 91: Perform A Normalization Calibration
Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss Normalization is the simplest type of calibration. The analyzer stores normalized data into memory and divides subsequent measurements by the stored data to remove unwanted frequency response errors. This calibration is used for this measurement to remove the insertion loss error of the IF invalidate a normalization calibration.
Page 92: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R OSCILLATOR Figure 3-14. Equipment Setup For a Conversion Loss Measurement 3 - 3 9...
Page 93: View And Interpret The Conversion Loss Results
Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss 2. To interpret the conversion loss measurement, refer to Figure 3-15 or your analyzer’s display if you are making this measurement on your instrument. a. The values shown on the horizontal axis represent the source RF output.
Page 94: Example Of A Conversion Loss Measurement
Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss 0 . 2 dB/ R e f - 6 . 8 0 d8 d a t a - 7 . 6 C e n t e r 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 M H z S p a n 1 5 .
Page 95 Measuring AM Delay (Option IDA or 1DB) An AM delay measurement characterizes the group delay (or envelope delay) of a device. lb perform this measurement you must have ordered either Option 1DA (AM Delay, 50 ohm) or Option 1DB (AM Delay, 75 ohm). These options include internal instrument hardware and firmware, two external scalar detectors and a power splitter.
Page 96: Measuring Am Delay (Option 1Da Or 1Db)
Making Measurements Measuring AM Delay (Option 1DA or 1 DB) Connect the detectors and power splitter to the analyzer as shown in Figure 3-16 and then press the following keys on the analyzer: You may also press the following keys to access AM delay. Pressing these keys will result in a connection diagram being displayed on the screen of the analyzer.
Page 97: Calibrate For An Am Delay Measurement
Making Measurements Measuring AM Delay (Option 1 DA or 1DBI 1. Connect the equipment as shown: Figure 3-l 6. Equipment Setup For an AM Delay Response Calibration Standard . 3-44...
Page 98: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Measuring AM Delay (Option 1DA or 1DBl Figure 3.17. Equipment Setup For an AM Delay Measurement 3 - 4 5...
Page 99: View And Interpret The Am Delay Results
Making Measurements Measuring AM Delay (Option 1DA or 1DBI This example is an AM delay measurement of a frequency converter. 2. lb interpret the AM delay measurement, refer to Figure 3-18. a. Note that the vertical axis is displaying time rather than power as in previous example measurements.
Page 100: Example Of An Am Delay Measurement
Making Measurements Measuring AM Delay (Option 1DA or 1 DBI AM Delay 5 5 . 6 kHz 2 0 ns/ 1.46 o f f 1 . 3 8 1 . 3 8 C e n t e r 2 3 3 . 8 0 0 M H z S p a n 8 .
Page 101: Making Measurements With The Auxiliary Input
Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input The auxiliary input (AUX INPUT) is located on the rear panel of your analyzer. This input is designed to monitor sweep related dc control signals of devices generally used in conjunction with the analyzer, such as a dc-biased The AUX INPUT is not recommended for use as an oscilloscope, for several reasons.
Page 102: Measuring Group Delay
Measuring Group Delay The phase linearity of many devices is specified in terms of group or envelope delay. This is especially true of telecommunications components and systems where phase distortion is critical. Group delay is a measure of transit time through the DUT as a function of frequency.
Page 103: Enter The Measurement Parameters
Making Measurements Measuring Group Delay 1. Press the following keys on the analyzer: 2. Choose an aperture. When choosing an aperture, there is a tradeoff between minimum apertures (giving more resolution but noisier responses) and maximum apertures (giving less resolution but smoother responses). For this example, choose an aperture of 4% by pressing: 3-50...
Page 104: Calibrate For A Transmission Response Measurement
Making Measurements Measuring Group Delay Since we are measuring the transmission group delay, a transmission calibration can be performed to improve accuracy The instrument prompts you to connect four standards-open, short, load, and through cable-as shown below. NETWORK ANALYZER N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R R F I N R F O U T OPEN...
Page 105: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Measuring Group Delay N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R D E V I C E U N D E R T E S T Figure 3-19. Equipment Setup For a Group Delay Measurement 3 - 5 2...
Page 106: View And Interpret The Group Delay Measurement Results
Making Measurements Measuring Group Delay 1. lb view the entire measurement trace on the display, press 2. ‘lb interpret the group delay measurement, refer to Figure 3-20 or your analyzer’s display if you are making this measurement on your instrument. a.
Page 107 Making Measurements Measuring Group Delay D e l a y C e n t e r 1 7 5 . 0 0 0 M H z Figure 3.20. Example of a Phase-Derived Delay Measurement Display 5. See “Using Markers” in Chapter 4 for more detailed information on using markers to interpret measurements.
Page 108: Measuring Impedance Using The Smith Chart
Measuring Impedance Using the Smith Chart The amount of power reflected from a device is directly related to the impedances of both the device and the measuring system. Each value of the complex reflection coefficient p uniquely defines a device impedance; for example, p = 0 only when the device impedance and the system impedance are exactly the same.
Page 109: Enter The Measurement Parameters
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Using the Smith Chart Press the following keys on the analyzer: N O T E This example measurement uses the default instrument parameters for a reflection measurement. If your particular measurement requires specific parameters (such as frequency range, source power level, number of data points, and sweeptime) enter them now Since impedance is a reflection measurement, you can perform a reflection calibration to improve accuracy.
Page 110: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Using the Smith Chart N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R DEV ICE UNDER T E S T LOAD...
Page 111: View And Interpret The Results
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Using the Smith Chart 3. To interpret the impedance measurement, refer to Figure 3-23 for the following discussion: a. The horizontal axis (the solid line) is the real portion of the impedance - the resistance. The center of the horizontal axis always represents the system impedance (50 0 in this example).
Page 112 Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Using the Smith Chart Constant Reactance System Figure 3-23. Interpreting the Smith Chart d. The magnitude, and phase of the reflection coefficient, p, can be determined by reading the Smith chart as follows: the chart. See Figure 3-24. and a line from the center point to the measurement point.
Page 113 Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Using the Smith Chart Figure 3-24. Determining the Magnitude and Phase of the Reflection Coefficient next 4. Figure 3-25 on the page, shows an example of an actual measurement. Note the marker readout in the upper right corner of the display.
Page 114 Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Using the Smith Chart 1 U FS Smith Reflection 175.000 Chl: Mkr 73.33 n 18.62 n 16.93 nH j 10 Span 200.000 Center 175.000 Figure 3.25. Example of an Impedance Measurement 3-61...
Page 115: Measuring Impedance Magnitude
Measuring Impedance Magnitude The impedance (Z) of a DUT can be calculated from the measured reflection or transmission coefficient. The impedance magnitude format allows measurement of impedance versus frequency or power. This measurement can be useful for many types of devices, including resonators and discrete passive components.
Page 116: How The Reflection Measurement Works
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Magnitude A reflection trace can be converted to equivalent parallel impedance using the model and equations shown in Figure 3-26. In the formula shown in Figure 3-26, r is the complex reflection coefficient. The complex impedance, analyzer’s REFLECTION port.
Page 117: How The Transmission Measurement Works
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Magnitude In a transmission measurement, the data can be converted to its equivalent mathematical series impedance using the model and equations shown in Figure 3-27. T r a n s m i s s i o n ( T ) Figure 3-27.
Page 118: Using A Fixture
Making Measurements Devices such as discrete components generally do not have RF connectors. calibration should be performed at the point where the device connects to the 3-65...
Page 119 Using Instrument Functions...
Page 120 Using Instrument Functions This chapter explains some common analyzer functions that can help you to examine, store, and print measurement data. The following functions are explained in this chapter: Using Markers Using Reference Tracking Customizing the Display Saving and Recalling Measurement Results Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters Printing and Plotting Measurement Results Using a Keyboard...
Page 121 Using Markers The markers provide numerical readout of trace data. Markers have a stimulus value (the x-axis value in a Cartesian format) and a response value (the y-axis value in a Cartesian format). In Smith chart format, markers have a stimulus value, a resistive value, a reactive value and a complex impedance value.
Page 122 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers If a marker is on, two or three lines of numbers follow the marker annotation: Cartesian Polar Smith Chart frequency frequency frequency response magnitude resistive velue phase reactive value The examples in this section are shown with a transmission response measurement of a flter.
Page 123: Using Instrument Functions Using Markers
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers N O T E When you make a hardcopy of your measurement results that contain displayed markers, you can choose to have a rrtarker table appear on the hardcopy Refer to “Printing and Plotting Measurement Results”...
Page 124: To Activate Markers
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers 1. Press the t-1 key to activate marker 1. 2. ‘Ib activate markers 2 through 4, use the softkeys. For example, press press ?&TB H@~rs and then the softkey that corresponds to the marker you wish to activate. 3.
Page 125: To Turn Markers Off
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers 1. All markers can be turned off by pressing @KKK] AT1 Off . 2. lb turn off an individual marker, make it the active marker by pressing its corresponding softkey, and then press Active Mwkw M’f (accessed by pressing ?&IX MarkEtrs if necessary).
Page 126: To Use Marker Search Functions
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Markers can be used to: automatically calculate bandwidth or notch parameters of filters Marker tracking can be useful for tuning OUTS when combined with the marker search functions. When tracking is turned on, the marker search is applied to the active marker and is updated with each sweep.
Page 127 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Use Max Search and The maximum search functions search for peak points on the measurement Min Search trace. The minimum search functions search for minimum points on the measurement trace. 1. Press L-1 MWWW Ssaxcb Mti Seat& m --) Win to place marker 1 at the minimum value on the trace.
Page 128 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Using the Next Peak and Next Min Functions. As explained previously, pressing ?%z -> Max and NW --3 Mn will place a marker on the maximum and minimum points on the measurement trace, respectively. You can search for the next highest or lowest point using the Wxt Peak Right , Next Pssak Laft , %ext Mfa Right and A maximum (or minimum) point is detected whenever an amplitude excursion greater than half of a division occurs.
Page 129 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4-5. Peak and Minimum Search Criteria at Display Endpoints 4-11...
Page 130 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers to choose the target level and enter the target value. (The default value is -3 dB.) of the target value to the right. The target value is in reference to 0 dE% 4. Press Srswch Left and notice the marker moves to the fist occurrence of the target value to the left.
Page 131 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Search for Bandwidth Values N O T E The bandwidth search function is intended for transmission or power measurements in log mag format only 1. Press [MARKER) Marker Somch Bandwidth. The bandwidth search feature analyzes a bandpass titer and calculates the bandwidth, center frequency, and Q (see note below) for the specified bandwidth level.
Page 132 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Dedicated Use of Markers in Bandwidth Search Mode Dedicated Use Measurement Channel 1 Measurement Channel 2 maximum power value marker 1 marker 2 center frequency of pass band’ marker 3 marker 4 bandwidth cutoff point lleftl marker 5 marker 7 bandwidth cutoff point [right]...
Page 133 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Search for Notch Values N O T E The notch search function is intended for transmission or power measurements in log mag format only. 1. Tb follow along with this example you will need to connect a notch filter to the analyzer in place of the bandpass filter shown in Figure 4-2.
Page 134 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Dedicated Use of Markers in Notch Search Mode Dedicated Use Measurement Chennel 1 Measurement Channel 2 maximum power value marker 1 marker 2 center frequency of stop band’ marker 3 marker 4 n o t c h - n dB point’ lleftl marker 5 marker 7 n o t c h - n dB point2 l r i g h t l...
Page 135 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Use Multi-Peak or Multi-peak and multi-notch searches are designed for use when measuring Multi-Notch Search multi-pole filters. Both searches automatically search the measurement trace from left to right, and position a marker at each local maximum or minimum. Up to eight maximums or minimums will be found.
Page 136 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers When the maximum or minimum point is at or near either edge of the display, the excursion requirement is satisfied by a half of a division excursion on just one side of the maximum (or minimum). See Figure 4-9. Figure 4-9.
Page 137 Using instrument Functions Using Markers Log Mag 2 . 0 dB/ R e f -5.00 C h l Chl: Mkrl - 7 . 6 5 dB - 1 9 - 2 3 S t o p 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 M H z S t a r t 1 0 .
Page 138 Using Instrument functions Using Markers Log Mag 5 . 0 1.00 S t a r t 1 0 . 0 0 0 M H z S t o p 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 M H z Figure 4.11. Multi-Notch Search Mode 4-20...
Page 139: To Use Marker Math Functions
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers The three marker math functions: statistics, flatness, and RF filter stats, perform certain mathematical calculations on the amplitude data of user-defined trace segments. For measurement channel 1, the trace segment is dehned with markers 1 and 2;...
Page 140 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers 3. Figure 4-12 shows a delined trace segment. Notice the marker readout in the upper right corner of the display. Figure 4-12. Marker Statistics Function 4-22...
Page 141 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Use Marker Flatness The marker flatness search function measures a user-defined segment of the measurement trace and calculates the following: The analyzer calculates flatness by drawing a straight line between the markers. A maximum vertical deviation from this line is computed for each measurement point.
Page 142 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4.13. Marker Flatness Function 4-24...
Page 143 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Use RF Filter The RF Elter statistics function measures both the passband and the stopband Statistics (reject-band) of a hher with a single sweep. 1. On measurement channel 1 press C-1 and place marker 1 at the beginning of the passband and marker 2 at the end of the passband.
Page 144 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4-14. RF Filter Statistics Function 4-26...
Page 145: To Use Delta (A) Marker Mode
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers In marker delta mode, a reference marker is placed at the active marker position. All marker values are then displayed in reference to this delta marker. When the amplitude of the measurement trace changes, the reference marker value also changes.
Page 146 Using instrument Functions Using Markers Log Mag 2 0 . 0 dB/ R e f - 6 0 . 0 0 dB C h l 1 - 8 0 - 1 0 0 - 1 2 0 - 1 4 0 C e n t e r 1 7 5 .
Page 147 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Use Marker to This function changes the analyzer’s center frequency to that of the active Center Frequency marker and limits the span if necessary. If the markers are all off, and this function is selected, it first turns on marker 1 at its previous setting or, if no previous setting, at the center frequency (default).
Page 148: To Use Polar Format Markers
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers The analyzer displays the polar marker values as magnitude and phase. You can use these markers only when you are viewing a polar display format. (The polar format is accessed by pressing ~~’ #QXW FWW& In Smith chart format, markers have a resistive value, a reactive value and a complex impedance value.
Page 149: Using Limit Testing
Using Limit Testing Limit testing is a measurement technique that compares measurement data to constraints that you define. Depending on the results of this comparison, the analyzer can indicate if your device either passes or fails the test. Limit testing is useful for real-time tuning of devices to specifications. When limit testing is turned on, pass/fail results can be output to the display and also to the LIMIT TEST TTL IN/OUT connector on the rear panel.
Page 150 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing The following examples are performed using a transmission measurement of the bandpass filter shipped with your instrument. ‘Ib follow along with these examples, connect your filter to the analyzer and press: 4-32...
Page 151: To Create A Flat Limit Line
Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing In this example, you will create a minimum limit line from 155 MHz to 195 MHz at a level of -3 dJ3. Press Begin Frequency , and enter [ISSJ MHZ. Press End Frequency , and enter (GJ XFlz . Press Bq@n Limit , and press (--3) &t&r.
Page 152 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing N O T E You can move the position of the pass/fail indicator, turn on or off the pass/fail text, and turn on or off the fail icon in the limit options menu. Press (-1 For more information, see “Customizing the Display,”...
Page 153: To Create A Sloping Limit Line
Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing A sloping limit line has different values for its begin and end limits. For example, create a sloping limit line between 130 MHz and 155 MHz with a beginning level of -35 dB and an ending level of -3 dB. Menu Add Limit Add Min Liao Biagfn Fmqumcy N O T E...
Page 154 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing Log Mag 5 . 0 dB/ R e f - 1 5 . 0 0 dB o f f PASS - 1 0 C h l 1 - 2 0 - 2 5 - 3 0 - 3 5 C e n t e r 1 7 5 .
Page 155: To Create A Single Point Limit
Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing Sometimes you may only be interested in the level at one particular frequency. In this case, you may wish to use a single point limit. Using the setup from the previous examples and building on them, let’s asstmte that when testing your bandpass hlter, it is specified that the insertion loss at 174 MHz must be less than 3 dB.
Page 156: To Use Marker Limit Functions
Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing The following marker limit test types are available in the marker limit table: Statistic: Mean Delta Amp1 Delta Freq The Erst three items above are parameters of special marker functions. You can use pass/fail limit testing on three parameters of the marker math functions: statistical mean, peak-to-peak ripple, and flatness.
Page 157 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing Statistical Mean 1. This limit test requires that you first define a segment on the measurement trace using markers 1 and 2 (or markers 3 and 4 for measurement channel 2). Then press (MARKER_) !Wks~ Fuact;toas ?B&er Math Statistics”...
Page 158 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing Peak-to-Peak Ripple 1. This limit test requires that you first define a segment on the measurement trace using markers 1 and 2 (or markers 3 and 4 for measurement channel 2). Then press [MARKER) N~&w Functitrrxs MW%W Rash Statistics”...
Page 159 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing Flatness 1. This limit test requires that you hrst define a segment on the measurement trace using markers 1 and 2 (or markers 3 and 4 for measurement channel 2). Then press (JZGXK] ?$x&w F~ctictltts ?!Wk#x Math FXatnsss to enable the statistics marker search.
Page 160 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing Delta Amplitude This marker limit test allows you to set marker 1 as an amplitude reference against which marker 2 is limit tested. 1. This limit test requires that you first use marker 1 to determine the reference amplitude: Press @ii6iC@ I: and then use the front panel knob or the @) @ keys to place marker 1 at the desired place on the measurement trace.
Page 161 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing Delta Frequency This marker limit test allows you to set marker 1 as a frequency reference against which marker 2 is limit tested. This limit test requires that you first use marker 1 to determine the reference frequency: Press Cm) 2 : a n d t h e n u s e t h e f r o n t p a n e l knob or the @) @) keys to place marker 1 at the desired place on the...
Page 162: To Use Relative Limits
Using instrument Functions Using limit Testing There may be tunes when you are interested in the shape of a measurement trace, but not concerned with the absolute amplitude. For example, Figure 4-16 shows limit lines created for tuning a flter to a particular shape. If the shape is more important than the amplitude, you can make the limit lines relative to the peak point of the trace using the reference tracking function.
Page 163: Other Limit Line Functions
Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing To Turn limit lines On Using the Limit Line ON off softkey toggles any created limit lines and Off on and off; it does not delete them. You can still use the limit test function (pass/fail) without the limit lines appearing on the display screen.
Page 164 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing To Move the Pass/Fail The limit test pass/fail indicator and text can be moved to any position on the Indicator Text and Icon display screen. lb move the position of the pass/fail indicator: can also place the indicator along the horizontal by entering a percentage using the numeric keypad.
Page 165: Additional Notes On Limit Testing
Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing Stimulus and Amplitude In frequency sweep mode, the stimulus values are interpreted as frequencies; Values in power sweep mode, the stimulus values are interpreted as output power levels. The values entered for stimulus and amplitude are unitless. If the C A U T I O N measurement format is changed after limit lines are set, the amplitude values do not automatically change.
Page 166 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing Example 1. When using a small number of measurement points, limit lines must be set carefully, or the results may be confusing, because the analyzer connects the measurement points with straight lines. The following illustration shows a data trace with three measurement points: A, B, and C, along with a minimum limit line.
Page 167 Using Instrument Functions Using limit Testing Example 2. In this example, the analyzer has been set up with the following parameters: Start frequency = 90 MHz Stop frequency = 210 MHz Number of points = 11 Maximum limit line begin frequency = 90 MHz Maximum limit line end frequency = 200 MHz Refer to the illustration below for the discussion.
Page 168: Using Reference Tracking
Using Reference Tracking The reference tracking functions allow you to track either the peak point or a certain frequency of a measurement trace. It does this by adjusting the reference level with each sweep so that the point of interest always falls on the display reference line.
Page 169: To Track The Peak Point
Using Instrument Functions Using Reference Tracking 1. If you want to move the reference position (indicated by the ) symbol on the left side of the display), press (-1 IW~MWLCEI PesitfoiEt and then use the front panel knob, the ch) (IJJ keys, or the numeric keypad to enter a new reference position.
Page 170: To Track A Frequency
Using Instrument Functions Using Reference Tracking 1. If you want to move the reference position (indicated by the ) symbol on the left side of the display), press (EiE] R&WWHX Posftioa and then use the front panel knob, the 0J (IJJ keys, or the numeric keypad to enter a new reference position.
Page 171: Customizing The Display
Customizing the Display The analyzer’s display can be customized in several ways: You can choose to view one or both measurement channels using the split display feature. You can turn on or off features such as the display graticule and limit lines. You can also modify and/or turn on or off most of the display annotation.
Page 172: Using The Split Display Feature
Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display When using both measurement channels, you can choose to either view screen both of them simultaneously on one full-size display, or use the split feature. Log Mag 1 0 . 0 dB/ R e f 0 .
Page 173: Enabling/Disabling Display Features
Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4-21 shows a display screen with graticule lines (the measurement grid), and two limit lines. In the default or preset state, these lines are turned Log Mag 1 0 . 0 dB/ R e f - 2 4 . 5 6 d0 Limit Line Limit...
Page 174 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display line or point on and off. Turning limit lines or points off does not turn limit testing off. N O T E You cannot turn off the delta amplitude or delta frequency limit indicators. 4-56...
Page 175: Modifying Display Annotation
Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display When you first turn on your analyzer, or use the (PRESET) key to return it to the default condition, most of the display annotation is visible. You may want to modify or turn on or off some of the annotation to customize the display to your preferences.
Page 176 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Measurement Y-axis Title and Marker Channel Pass/Fail Marker Annotation Clock Number Annotation Indicator Annotation Frequency Annotation Figure 4-22. The Display Annotation 4-58...
Page 177 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display The following display annotation areas can be modified or turned on or off: Measurement title and clock Measurement channel annotation Frequency annotation Marker annotation Marker number Y-axis labels Y-axis (relative or absolute scale) 4-59...
Page 178 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Measurement title and The measurement title area consists of two lines of text. In the default clock or preset state, this annotation area is toggled off. When the title mode is initially turned on - by pressing (j-1 MOB Wisp&y assigned to line 2.
Page 179 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Marker Annotation The marker annotation that appears in the upper right corner of the display can be turned on or off by pressing (j-1 ?4ore Display Annotation Options MOW Ann6t ON off. Marker Number The marker numbers that appear above or below the marker symbols, can be turned on or off by pressing (DISPLAY) WOX%+ OfspLaF Options MRr Number ON OH.
Page 180: Expanding The Displayed Measurement
Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Normally, the displayed measurement is limited in size due to the softkey menu and the surrounding annotation. The expanded display feature removes these size-limiting factors, with the exception of annotation inside the normal graticule, and expands the display to the full screen size. The remaining annotation is enlarged for better readability.
Page 181 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 Figure 4-23. Normal Display 4 - 6 3...
Page 182 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4-24. Expanded Display 4-64...
Page 183: Saving And Recalling Measurement Results
Saving and Recalling Measurement Results The network analyzer allows you to save the following information to internal memory or to a DOS-formatted disk in the analyzer’s built in 3.5” disk drive: Instrument Instrument state settings consist of all the stimulus and State response parameters that set up the analyzer to make a specific measurement including markers, limit lines, memory...
Page 184 Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results Special Note for HP 8711A. HP 8711B/12B113B114B Owners If you own one of these older model analyzers, there are some compatibility issues you should be aware of: The ‘A” and 9” model analyzers allowed you to save to a LIF formatted floppy disk. Your ‘C model analyzer allows you to read from a LIF disk, but you cannot save to a LIF disk.
Page 185: Saving Instrument Data
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results When you save data to a IYe, the analyzer automatically selects a file name for you. Since these names may not be as descriptive as desirable, you may change the name of the fle after it has been saved, or you can save it to a file name of your choice by using the It9-!3&...
Page 186 Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results Select the Disk 1. If you are using a floppy disk, place a DOS formatted disk in the disk drive you are using. If your disk is not formatted, refer to the procedure in “Formatting a Floppy Disk”...
Page 187 The iilename appears on the screen as STATE# . STA (where # is a number the analyzer selects from 0 to 999). 3. If you own older model network analyzers (HP 8711A, HP 8711B/12B/13B/14B), and you need your saved files to be recalled on any of these older model analyzers, select File Faxmat 4.
Page 188 Using Instrument Functions Saving end Recalling Measurement Results To Save Measurement Your measurement data can be saved in an ASCII format that is compatible Data in ASCII Format with many personal computer software packages. 1. Press SAVE RECALL to where you want to save your file. (See “Select the Disk, ’ earlier in this section.) Lotus 123 format is a two-column format that is compatible with many personal computer software packages.
Page 189: To Recall From A Disk Or Internal Memory
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results The network analyzer allows you to recall and display measurement results that you saved as STATE hles. You can then compare the recalled measurements to subsequent measurements. The analyzer can display both a data and memory trace for each measurement channel. The data trace is saved when you select Data ON in the DerP ia@ Sav# menu.
Page 190: Other File Utilities
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results To Rename a File 1. Press SAVE RECALL the disk where the desired file is located. 2. Use the front panel knob to move the highlighted bar to the hle you want to rename.
Page 191 Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results To Delete a File Press Delete File YES. lb delete all files within the current directory, press Delete All Files YES. To Copy a File Highlight the file to be copied by using the front panel knob or the @) @) keys.
Page 192 Internal 3.5 Disk Internal Date Disk not supported For more details on HP-B programming, refer to your analyzer’s STORAGE IS” keyword in the HP ImtmLment Basic User’s Handbook. (Option lC2 only.) For more details on FTP disk access via LAN, refer to your analyzer’s LAN User’s Guide Supplement.
Page 193: To Use Directory Utilities
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results This section describes how to make directories so you can store hles into categories, how to change between the various existing directories, and how to remove an unwanted directory. You can make directories for floppy disks and the analyzer’s internal memory, and RAM disk.
Page 194 Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results You can also change to a directory and use I&&w Dfrectrzry to create a subdirectory The number of characters in a directory and subdirectory path cannot exceed the MS-DOS limitation of 63. Change to a Directory 1.
Page 195: Formatting A Floppy Disk
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results You must format unformatted floppy disks before you can save data on them. The analyzer internal memory and RAM disk memory do not need to be formatted. C A U T I O N 1.
Page 196: Connecting And Configuring Printers And Plotters
The analyzer supports HP-IB, serial, parallel, and LAN (Option lF7 only) peripherals. Hardcopy output can also be saved to a file in either HP-GL or PCX format. With Option lF7, LAN capability, you can also capture hardcopy output in either HP-GL or PCX format.
Page 197: Select A Compatible Printer Or Plotter
HP 7475A Six-Pen Graphics Plotter HP 7550A/B High-Speed Eight-Pen Graphics Plotter These printers are All HP LaserJets (LaserJet III, 4, and 5 support PCL5 for fastest hardcopies) compatible All HP De&Jets (HP DeskJet 1200C can also be used to plot)
Page 198: Select An Appropriate Interface Cable
Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters If your peripheral is to be connected to HP-& choose one of the following cables: HP 10833A HP-IB Cable, 1.0 m HP 10833B HP-IB Cable, 2.0 m HP 10833D HP-IB Cable, 0.5 m...
Page 199: Connect The Printer Or Plotter
Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters 1. Turn off the analyzer and the printer or plotter. 2. Connect to one of the ports shown in Figure 4-25. S E R I A L L A N E T H E R T W I S T P E R I P H E R A L H P - I B P A R A L L E L...
Page 200: Configure The Hardcopy Port
Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters You will only have to do this setup once if you make all your hardcopies with the same printing or plotting device. You can conllgure the analyzer for any of the peripherals listed below: 1 Option lF7 only 4-82...
Page 201 Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters The analyzer can send print commands in PCL5, PCL, Epson, or HP-GL modes. Recommended usages are: Use PCL5 mode for maximum speed, if your printer supports it. HP LaserJet III/4/5 models support PCL5. Typical time to generate and send hardcopy output to a PCL5 printer is 1 to 10 seconds.
Page 202 HARD COPY move the highlighted bar to your printing or plotting device, then press Configuring the If your HP-II3 printing/plotting device has a different address than the Analyzer for HP-IB analyzer default of 05, press Prtit/PlH HP-18 Addr and enter...
Page 203: Define The Printer Or Plotter Settings
Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters You will only have to do this setup once if you make all your hardcopies with the same printing or plotting device. Press (HARDCOPY) and then Wfjme PBS , l&f Ena that only one of these choices is selectable at a time.
Page 204 Using instrument Functions Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters in mm. Minimum setting is 0.00 mm; maximum setting is 200.00 mm. : Sets the left margin (non-printing space) of the printout in mm. Minimum setting is 0.00 mm; maximum setting is 200.00 mm.
Page 205 Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters Defining a Printer Make the following selections in the analyzer menus: 1. Press Restrrr~l Dsf aults to restore the default parameters for a printer. The defaults are: Default Parameter Monochrome Monochrome/Color Portrait Orientation Auto Feed...
Page 206 Printer Valid Resolutions (in DPI) H P ThinkJet H P PeintJet 9 0 , 1 8 0 HP LaserJet 75, 100, 150, 300, 600 H P DeskJet1 75, 100, 150, 300, 600 H P QuietJet 9 6 , 1 9 2...
Page 207 Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters Defining a Plotter Make the following selections in the analyzer menus: 1. Press Ralstore Defaults to restore the default parameters for a plotter. The defaults are: Default Parameter Monochrome Monochrome/Color Auto Feed Color Plotter Pen Numbers Trace 1 - Pen 1 Trace 2 - Pen 2...
Page 208: Printing And Plotting Measurement Results
Printing and Plotting Measurement Results 1. Select the appropriate copy port: Internal 3.5 in floppy disk 2. DeEne the output 3. Generate the output: Hardcopy OT Plot to 3.5 in disk 4-90...
Page 209: To Select The Copy Port
This allows a simple method for screen dumps to be used in reports, memos, or other communications. In addition, if you have the LAN option (lF7), you can use FTP to directly get a hardcopy hle in either HP-GL or PCX format. See the LAN User’s Guide Supplement for information.
Page 210: Define The Output
Using Instrument Functions Printing and Plotting Measurement Results The hrst step in dehning the output is deciding which hardcopy components you want in your printout, plot, or hle. To select your choice of format, press @iEiEE” Deletia #~dcop~ and then one of the following selections. Figure 4-26 and Figure 4-27 show the available hardcopy components and formats.
Page 211 Using Instrument Functions Printing and Plotting Measurement Results 1 0 . 0 dB/ R e f - 3 8 . 6 0 dB L o g Mag C h l Span 200 .OOO MHz C e n t e r 1 7 5 . 0 0 0 M H Z 2 : M k r 0 .
Page 212 Using Instrument Functions Printing and Plotting Measurement Results outputs a list of the data trace point values. (This selection is only available for output to a printer.) Trace Values CHANNEL I:Trananirsion 9.300 -47.91 2.047 -66.92 3.794 -71 .a7 5.541 -76.94 7.288 -82.18 -89.23...
Page 213 Using Instrument Functions Printing and Plotting Measurement Rosults N O T E You may notice a decrease in measurement speed when the network analyzer is outputting to a printer or plotter that doesn’t have a built-in buffer. For the fastest possible hardcopY dump to such devices, press lhnENUJ Tx%~~“z before beginning the print or plot.
Page 214 Printing and Plotting Measurement Results N O T E The following table provides some typical print times for various HP printers. These values are typical only; they are not intended to necessarily represent the print times you will experience, They are...
Page 215: Using A Keyboard
N O T E If your keyboard has a standard (large &pint DIN connector, you will need to use a DIN to mini-DIN no. 1252-4141. Contact the nearest HP sales or service office for more information. 4-97...
Page 216: To Use The Keyboard To Edit
Using Instrument Functions Using a Keyboard Using a keyboard makes editing of file and directory names, or program lines quick and easy. You can edit these items from the front panel of the instrument using the front panel knob and the softkeys, however this process is very tedious.
Page 217: Front Panel Control Using A Keyboard
Should you misplace your keyboard template, you can reorder with HP part number 08712-80028. You can use the key combinations below with a keyboard connected to the rear panel of the analyzer to activate the indicated front panel hardkeys and softkeys.
Page 218 Using Instrument Functions Using a Keyboard For example, to select measurement channel 1 as the active channel, on the keyboard press 1Shift) with [n. ‘lb preset the network analyzer with the keyboard, press @ with (f4. In each case hold down the Grst key as you press the second key.
Page 219: Using An External Vga Monitor
Using an External VGA Monitor The rear panel VIDEO OUT COLOR VGA connector can be connected to a VGA compatible monitor for enhanced measurement viewing. This section describes how to customize the color on an external VGA monitor. Refer to Chapter 8 for more information on the VIDEO OUT COLOR VGA connector.
Page 220: Customizing Color On An External Monitor
Using Instrument Functions Using an External VGA Monitor Although the analyzer’s built-in monitor is monochrome, you can connect an external color monitor to the analyzer for customized viewing. Your analyzer is equipped with a standard VGA compatible connector on the rear panel. See Chapter 8 for information on this connector.
Page 221 Using Instrument Functions Using an External VGA Monitor For example, to change the color of the text on the external monitor from white to a different color, perform the following steps: 2. Press (16) (item number for “text” from the list above), and then [ENTER). the desired hue.
Page 222: Synchronizing And Positioning The Display
Using Instrument Functions The analyzer provides a CRT adjustment feature which can be used to get an external monitor to synchronize properly, and to optimize the display’s position. The following list explains how to use the CRT adjust features. The CRT adjust settings also affect the analyzer’s built-in display. C A U T I O N Press SYSTEM OPTIONS...
Page 223: Optimizing Measurements
Optimizing Measurements...
Page 224 Optimizing Measurements This chapter describes techniques and analyzer functions that help you achieve the best measurement results. The following sections are included in this chapter: Increasing Sweep Speed Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range Reducing Trace Noise Reducing Mismatch Errors Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay...
Page 225: Increasing Sweep Speed
(HP 8714C only) Since the analyzer sweeps frequencies below approximately 20 MHz at a slower rate, you can increase the start frequency to speed up the sweep.
Page 226: To Set The Sweep Time To Auto Mode
Optimizing Measurements Sweep Speed Increasing Auto sweep time mode (the preset instrument mode), maintains the fastest sweep speed possible for any particular measurement settings. When AUTO is all capital letters, it indicates that the analyzer is in auto sweep time mode. If MAN is all capital letters, the analyzer is in manual sweep time mode.
Page 227: To Reduce The Amount Of Averaging
The following graph shows an example of the relationship between the number of points, frequency span, and sweep time. This graph was created with data from a setup on an HP 8714C using a center frequency of 1500 MHz, and a system bandwidth setting of medium.
Page 228 Optimizing Measurements Increasing Sweep Speed 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 FREQUENCY SPAN - Figure 5-1. Relationship Between Frequency Span, Sweep Time, and Number of Points Note the following in the graph above: As the frequency span decreases, the sweep time generally decreases. As the number of points decreases, the sweep time decreases.
Page 229: To Turn Off Alternate Sweep
Optimizing Measurements Increasing Sweep Speed Alternate sweep is turned off when the analyzer is preset, but is automatically activated with some dual channel measurements. The alternate sweep feature sweeps and measures one channel at a time. By disengaging this feature, you increase the sweep speed by 50 percent. 2.
Page 230: To Turn Off Spur Avoidance
Optimizing Measurements Increasing Sweep Speed When spur avoidance is on (preset default is off), the analyzer breaks each sweep into segments. Between sweep segments, the analyzer stops and changes internal frequencies to move mixing products. Since the analyzer sweep is not interrupted when this feature is off, turn off spur avoidance to increase sweep speed.
Page 231: To Avoid Frequency Bandcrossings By Minimizing The Span (Hp 8714C Only)
Optimizing Measurements Increasing Sweep Speed Sweep time is increased when the analyzer encounters a bandcrossing point. The frequency bandcrossing points are approximately: 1900 MHz 2310 MHz 2620 MHz Press (%?Ej) and then change the start frequency, stop frequency, or span to avoid sweeping through these band crossing points when possible.
Page 232: Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range
Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range Receiver dynamic range is the difference between the analyzer’s maximum allowable input level and its noise floor. For a measurement to be valid, input signals must be within these boundaries. The dynamic range is affected by two factors: input power to the device under test (DUT) You should maximize the receiver input power to achieve the highest dynamic...
Page 233: To Reduce The Receiver Noise Floor
Optimizing Measurements Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range Receiver dynamic range is the difference between the analyzer’s maximum allowable input level and its noise floor. Changing System Reducing the system bandwidth lowers the noise floor by digitally reducing Bandwidth the receiver input bandwidth. As system bandwidth is reduced, more receiver measurements are used per frequency point, increasing the sweep time.
Page 234 Optimizing Measurements Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range Changing Measurement In averaging mode, the analyzer measures each frequency point once per Averaging sweep and averages the current and previous trace up to the averaging factor exponential average of consecutive sweeps weighted by the user-specified averaging factor.
Page 235: Reducing Trace Noise
Reducing Trace Noise You can use three analyzer functions to help reduce the effect of noise on the data trace: activate measurement averaging reduce system bandwidth eliminate spurious responses The analyzer uses a weighted running average for averaging. The noise is reduced with each new sweep as the effective averaging factor increments.
Page 236: To Eliminate Receiver Spurious Responses
Optimizing Measurements Reducing Trace Noise By reducing the system bandwidth you reduce the noise that is measured during thesweep. However, the decreased bandwidth may slow down the sweep. While averaging requires multiple sweeps to reduce noise, narrowing the system bandwidth reduces the noise on each sweep. See the previous section for a more detailed explanation of system bandwidth.
Page 237 Optimizing Measurements Reducing Trace Noise Dithering to Shift Spurs Dither shifts all spurs by a small amount once, thus it imposes no sweep time penalty. But some spurs occurring within the measured frequency band may not be shifted out of band, and others may be shifted in. Therefore dither is most effective for narrowband measurements with a user defined measurement calibration.
Page 238 Optimizing Measurements Reducing Trace Noise You will invalidate the measurement calibration if you turn spur avoid off. C A U T I O N 5-16...
Page 239: Reducing Mismatch Errors
Reducing Mismatch Errors Mismatch errors result from differences between the DUT’s port impedance and the analyzer’s port impedance. Source match errors are produced on the source (analyzer RF OUT) side of the DUT; load match errors on the load (analyzer RF IN) side. If the DUT is not connected directly to the port, the mismatch errors due to cables, adapters, etc.
Page 240: Reducing Mismatch Errors In A Transmission Measurement
Optimizing Measurements Reducing Mismatch Errors Source match errors in transmission measurements can be reduced by performing an enhanced response calibration. (See Chapter 6.) Load match errors can be reduced by using an attenuator on the analyzer’s TRANSMISSION RF IN port. N O T E Always use high quality attenuators.
Page 241: Compensating For Phase Shift In Measurement Setups
Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups The port extension feature is used to compensate for the phase shift caused by the insertion of cables, adapters, and lktures into the measurement path. Port extension is particularly useful if you are unable to perform a calibration directly at your DUT.
Page 242: Electrical Delay
Optimizing Measurements Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups lb use the port extension feature, press [CAL) MOW Cal, independently to both the reflection port and the transmission port. ‘lb add delay between the REFLECTION RF OUT port and your DUT, press lb add delay between the TRANSMISSION RF IN port and your DUT, press The delay values that you enter will be automatically applied appropriately to both transmission and reflection measurements.
Page 243: Measuring Devices With Long Electrical Delay
Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay When making a narrowband measurement of a device with long electrical delay, measured levels can be affected by the rate at which the source is changing frequency. This sensitivity is related to the time required for the source signal to travel through cables or devices which are connected between the RF OUT and RF IN ports.
Page 244: Calibrating For Increased Measurement Accuracy
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy...
Page 245 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy This chapter first explains measurement calibration in the section titled, “Measurement Calibration Overview. ’ The sections following the overview provide instructions for choosing, performing, saving, and checking measurement calibrations. Each example measurement in Chapter 3 provides an example calibration for the particular type of measurement.
Page 246: Measurement Calibration Overview
Measurement Calibration Overview Measurement calibration is a process that improves measurement accuracy by using error correction arrays to compensate for systematic measurement errors. Measurement calibration is also called cal, accuracy enhancement, and error correction. Measurement errors are classified as random, drift, and systematic errors.
Page 247 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Measurement Calibration Overview Frequency response errors (transmission and reflection tracking) are errors that are a function of frequency. Isolation errors result from energy leakage between signal paths. In transmission measurements, this leakage is due to crosstalk. In reflection measurements, it is due to imperfect directivity.
Page 248: The Calibration Reference Plane
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Measurement Calibration Overview calibrating. Since calibration standards are very precise, great accuracy is achieved. When a user-dehned calibration is performed, the analyzer compares the measurement data of known calibration standards to ideal measurement data. The network analyzer then calculates the difference between the measurement data and the calibration standard models to create error correction arrays.
Page 249 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Measurement Calibration Overview C A L I B R A T I O N REFERENCE PLANE NETWORK ANALYZER TEST FIXTURE R E F L E C T I O N TRANSM I RF OUT R F I N Figure 6-3.
Page 250: Determine If A Calibration Is Necessary
Determine if a Calibration is Necessary This section shows you how to determine if your measurement system requires a user-dehned calibration. Your test doesn’t require the best accuracy possible. Your test device is connected directly to the reflection port with no adapters or intervening cables.
Page 251: Choose An Appropriate Calibration Method
Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method Once you have decided that it is necessary to perform a calibration, you will need to choose the calibration method suited to the type of measurement you will be performing. After you have selected the type of measurement under the @EiiFiJ or @EFF] key, press the ICAL) key.
Page 252 Calibrating for increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method Table 6-1. Calibration Types Calibntion Choices Measurement Type Transmission Restore Defaults Response Response & Isolation Enhanced Response Reflection Restore Defaults One Port Option 100 User’s Gmiie Supplement. Fault location1 your Option 100 User’s Gude Suppkzment.
Page 253 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method Normalization is the simplest type of calibration. The analyzer stores data into memory and divides subsequent measurements by the stored data to remove frequency response errors. Follow these general steps when performing a normalization calibration: Setup the analyzer for your measurement: Select the type of measurement Enter operating parameters other than the default...
Page 254: To Perform A Transmission Calibration
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method Transmission calibrations remove systematic errors caused by frequency response, isolation and source match. These calibrations are for narrowband measurements only. For an example of performing a response calibration for a transmission measurement refer to “Measuring Transmission Response”...
Page 255 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method This method of calibration is only necessary when trying to achieve maximum dynamic range (> 100 dE3). A response and isolation calibration prompts you to connect loads to both ports and then to connect a through cable.
Page 256: To Perform A Reflection Calibration
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method A reflection calibration removes systematic directivity, source match and frequency response errors. This type of calibration is also for narrowband measurements only. For an example of performing a reflection calibration for a transmission measurement refer to “Measuring Reflection Response”...
Page 257 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method Note that after you have calibrated, a “C” appears in the upper right hand corner of the display. This “C” indicates that a user-deEned cal (not the default) is in use. If you change to a narrower span, note that the “C” changes to “C?“, indicating the analyzer is now interpolating between calibrated measurement points.
Page 258: To Perform A Conversion Loss Calibration
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method Conversion loss measurements typically utilize only a normalization calibration. See “lb Perform a Normalization Calibration” earlier in this chapter. When in conversion loss measurement mode, the analyzer is using its internal broadband detectors and pressing the (CAL) key calls up a menu for zeroing the detectors.
Page 259: To Perform An Am Delay Calibration (Option 1Da Or 1Db Only)
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method For an example of performing an AM delay calibration refer to “Measuring AM Delay” in Chapter 3. Otherwise, follow these general steps when performing an AM delay calibration: 1. Setup the analyzer for an AM delay measurement: select @EKiJ or @iLiE] m Delay enter operating parameters other than the default 2.
Page 260: To Perform A Calibration With Non-Standard Connectors
(cal kit model number HP 85032B/E for 50 Q analyzers or HP 85036B/E for 75 0 analyzers), you can either select a connector type that is stored jn the analyzer or input your own cal kit definitions.
Page 261 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method How to Download Standards Definitions N O T E must Calibration kit definitions be in DOS format. LIF format is not supported for cal kit definitions. 1. Insert the disk with the Cal standard definitions into the analyzer’s built-in disk drive.
Page 262: Writing Or Editing Your Own Cal Kit File
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method There are several situations that may require you to define your calibration kit deiinition. Here are three examples: You are using a connector type (TNC or BNC for example) which is not one of the selections under the CAL KIT menu.
Page 263 Calibrating for increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method About Calibration Standards. A calibration standard is a specific, well-deGned, physical device used to determine systematic errors. Each standard has a precisely known or predictable magnitude and phase response as a function of frequency. The response of each standard is mathematically defined in the error models used by the network analyzer.
Page 264 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method Short Short defines the standard type of a short for calibrating reflection measurements. Load Load defines the standard type of a load used for calibrating reflection measurements. Through Through defines the standard type as a transmission line of For all four standard types the (characteristic impedance), Delay, and Loss must be set.
Page 265 Choose an Appropriate Calibration Method For further information, on calibration kits and standard characteristics determination, refer to HP Product Note 8510-5A (HP Part No. 5954-1559). Step 2: Create a Cal Kit Create a cal kit ASCII file or edit the one provided on the Example Programs ASCII File disk.
Page 266 No characters are allowed between the .!" and the “$" on the first line ofacalkitfile. Standard Definitions for HP 85054B Precision Type-N Cal Kit. Definitions for 50 Ohm jack (FEMALE center contact) test ports, plug (MALE center contact) standards.
Page 267 ‘lb achieve more complete verifkation of a particular measurement calibration, accurately known verification standards with a diverse magnitude and phase response should be used. NBS traceable or HP standards are recommended to achieve verihable measurement accuracy. The published specikations for your analyzer system include accuracy C A U T I O N enhancement with compatible calibration kits.
Page 268: Save The Calibration
Save the Calibration After you have performed your calibration, you will probably want to save it for future use. ‘lb save your calibration: Press RECALL save cal function to “ON. ” 2. Press Prior M@IXU Sel+-t; B&k and select where you want the calibration saved.
Page 269: Check The Calibration
Check the Calibration Your analyzer has a calibration check feature that can compute and display corrected measurement uncertainties (residual errors) that apply to the current instrument settings and calibrations. During a calibration check, you are prompted to connect calibration standards to your measurement ports.
Page 270: To Perform A Calibration Check
Directivity, Source Match, Reflection Tracking Test Set3 1 0 - Open, S - Short, L - Load, T - Thru 2 See ‘Error Term Oascriptions and Typical Values”, later in this chapter. 3 Used with HP 87075C multiport test set only 6-27...
Page 271: Error Term Descriptions And Typical Values
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Check the Calibration ‘lb perform a calibration check: 1. Be sure that the analyzer is in the measurement mode and has implemented the particular calibration that you want to check. Press a Cal Gheck Do Cal Check, 3.
Page 272 Measurement Calibrating Increased Accuracy Check the Calibration Error Term < - 4 0 dB < - 3 0 dB Source Match lcorrectedl < - 1 5 dB Source Match luncorrectedl < - 1 0 dB Transmission Tracking - 1 0 0 t o - 7 0 dBm Isolation Reflection Tracking will vary depending upon your cables.
Page 273 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Check the Calibration Directivity Directivity is a reflection measurement error term. Corrected directivity less than -40 dB is expected after calibrations have been performed. This is the same value would measure when measuring a load standard. 1 0 .
Page 274 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Check the Calibration Source Match Source match is an error term which can be used to determine the magnitude of re-reflections from the source port (RF OUT). Reflection calibrations always correct for source match. The two transmission calibration types that will correct for source match are Enhanced Response and Test Set Cal.
Page 275 Calibraring for Increased Measurement Accuracy Check the Calibration Figure 6-6. Typical Source Match (Uncorrected) Error Term 6-32...
Page 276 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Check the Calibration Load match is a transmission measurement error term. It is Load Match a measure of the re-reflections contributed from the match of the THRU standard and the receiver port (RF IN). A typical value for this match term is < - 10 dB. Figure 6-7.
Page 277 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Check the Calibration Transmission Transmission tracking is a transmission measurement error Tracking term. It is a measure of the corrected THRU standard. A typical transmission tracking error is fO.1 dB. Most likely this term wilI be dominated by trace noise. Figure 6-6.
Page 278 Calibrating far Increased Measurement Accuracy Chock the Calibration Isolation Isolation is a measure of crosstalk between RF signal paths. For example, there may be leakage between the RF OUT and RF IN signal paths inside the analyzer. The isolation term displays the best possible noise floor of a transmission measurement with no external signal path.
Page 279 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Reflection Reflection tracking is a reflection measurement error term. It Tracking is a measure of how well the open or load standards have been corrected. A typical reflection error tracking error is ho.05 dB. Figure 6-10. Typical Reflection Tracking Error Term 6-36...
Page 280: Automating Measurements
Automating Measurements...
Page 281 N O T E This chapter explains how to control your analyzer with either the internal IBASIC option LlC2) or with an external controller connected via HP-IB. If you have ordered the LAN option flF71, you have the User’s Guide Supp’ement fur additional capability of controlling the analyzer over a LAN.
Page 282 A complete test process analysis can be performed by HP system engineers, who will work with your factory management, engineering, and production groups to evaluate various automation solutions. For more information contact the nearest HP sales office Refer to Chapter 10 for a table of sales and service offices.
Page 283: Configuring Your Test System
Automating Measurements The following sections are included in this chapter: Measurement Setup and Control with Fast Recall Automated Measurement Setup and Control Controlling Peripherals Displaying Measurement Results Saving Measurement Results N O T E residing inside your analyzer.
Page 284: Measurement System Topology
Configuring Your Wst System When configuring your test system, there are many things to consider, such as: How many test stations do you need? How many test stations will be needed in the future? How much space is available at each test station? What type of testing will be done? How will the measurement be controlled? How will the data be analyzed and archived?
Page 285 Automating Measurements Configuring Your Test System Stand-Alone Network In this configuration, the measurement is controlled directly by the operator, Analyzers with very little automation. No computer or IBASIC control is used, however the fast recall feature may be used for quickly changing to different instrument states.
Page 286 Automating Measurements Configuring your Test System Stand-Alone Analyzers In this configuration, the measurement is controlled by an IBASIC program Running IBASIC running inside the analyzer. With IBASIC, the measurement setup and control can be highly automated, reducing the burden on the operator. Since the measurement is under programmatic control, statistics can be collected in order to monitor your process and quality.
Page 287 Automating Measurements Configuring Your Test System O U T P U T N E T W O R K A N A L Y Z E R E N T E R . . . E N D Figure 7-2. Stand-Alone Network Anelyrer Running IBASIC 7 - 8...
Page 288 Automating Measurements Configuring Your Test System Network Analyzers In this conhguration, the measurement is controlled by a computer external Without IBASIC to the analyzer, using the LAN or the HIP-E3 interface. The measurement Controlled by setup and control can be highly automated, reducing the burden on the operator, and statistics can be collected in order to monitor your process and quality.
Page 289 Automating Measurements Configuring Your Test System 20 OUTPUT ._. Figure 7-3. Network Analyzer Without IBASIC, Controlled by a Computer 7-10...
Page 290 Automating Measurements Configuring Your Test System Network Analyzers In this configuration, the measurement is controlled by an IBASIC program With IBASIC Controlled running inside the analyzer. IBASIC can provide high-speed measurement by Computer(s) control and data collection, and save the results in program memory or on disk.
Page 291: Expandability And Large Systems
When connecting more than one analyzer to one computer using HP-IB, you can connect up to 10 analyzers and achieve maximum HP-B3 bus speed. The per second for buses up to 20 meters in length, with up to one device per 2 meters of cable.
Page 292: Selecting A Measurement Controller
An external controller can be used to control the analyzer. It can be HP-IB Operation a personal computer (PC) or an HP BASIC computer. The external controller sends standard SCPI commands to address 716 (default) (OUTPUT 716; “Command”) to control the analyzer. Refer to the Programmer’s Guide for more information.
Page 293 Synchronization between the analyzer and the controller must be ensured. See “Synchronizing the Analyzer and a Controller” in the supplement to the HP hstrument BASIC User’s Handbook for additional information. 2. Both IBASIC (SelectCode 8) and the external controller (LAN or SelectCode each).
Page 294: Selecting A Programming Language
700 and 300 workstations. may order IBASIC with your analyzer by specifying Option lC2. HP BASIC 4.0. With very little effort, you can design your program so that it will run either inside the analyzer or on a computer with no modification.
Page 295 Chapter 10 for a table of sales and service offices. Microsoft@ It does not offer a rich keyword set as does HP BASIC, and is not optimized for instrument control. lb control the analyzer via HP-IB, an HP-IR card and driver library must be installed.
Page 296 Configuring Your Test System The Programmer’s Guide contains detailed information on controlling the Example Programs analyzer via the HP-B, including several example programs written in HP BASIC. The HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook contains detailed information and examples showing how to control the analyzer using BASIC.
Page 297: Operator Interaction
Operator Interaction Many tests are performed by technicians or testers, who interact with the measurement system. When designing the automation system, it is important that the system allow operators to perform the measurement tasks quickly and consistently. The system must also be easy to learn and easy to use, providing the user with instructions and feedback.
Page 299: Prompting The Operator
Automating Measurements Operator Interaction You can display a message in the center of the analyzer’s display by using the following SCPI command: DISPlay:ANNotation:MESSage <STRING> For example: OUTPUT ORfna;“DISP:ANN:MESS ‘Connect device, then press button”’ You can specify how long you want the message to remain on the screen by using one of the following timeout words: SHOW, MEDimn, LONG, NONE.
Page 300: Using Graphics To Create On-Screen Diagrams
IBASIC program must use the standard SCPI commands. For more details on IBASIC graphics, refer to “Graphics and Display Techniques” in the manual supplement Using HP Instrumt BASIC with User’s Handbook. 7-21...
Page 301 Automating Measurements Operator Interaction This feature requires the IBASIC option (lC2). User BEGIN adds the following capabilities: Save or Recall. example, a gain compression implementation. Redefine softkeys to implement application support. The feature is designed to provide the fastest possible sweep speeds while taking advantage of the flexibility provided by IBASIC.
Page 302 Automating Measurements Operator Interaction Once you have selected a menu, the same menu will be displayed for subsequent key presses of the m hardkey. (This is not true if your IBASIC program has changed. If your program has changed, the By selecting OPTIONS rear panel connector.
Page 303 Automating Measurements Operator Interaction The labels required are: User-begin User-pause Your User BEGIN program must contain all of these labels, even if you are not using all of the softkeys. A default User BEGIN program is created automatically when there is no be the Mkr ->...
Page 304 Automating Measurements Operator Interaction OUTPUT QHp8714;"DISP:MENU2:KEY3 'Mkr -> Max';*WAI" OUTPUT OHp8714;"DISP:MENU2:KEY4 'Title and Clock';*WAI" OUTPUT QHp8714;"DISP:MENU2:KEY5 '*';*WAI" OUTPUT OHp8714;"DISP:MENU2:KEYG '*';*WAI" OUTPUT OHp8714;"DISP:MENU2:KEY7 '*';*WAI" !The following 2 lines are required. DO NOT REMOVE! 24 User-pause: PAUSE 27 User-keyl: Define softkey 1 here. ! Remove this line.
Page 305 Operator Interaction Message: OUTPUT QHp8714;“DISP:ANN:MESS “‘tStrl$&CHR$(lO)t RETURN N O T E N O T E HP Instrument HP Instrument For more Utter 1SEGIN programs, For more Utter 1SEGIN programs, and the and the supplement. The disk and handbook are shipped with analyzers with the supplement.
Page 306 10. Select softkey 1 which should be labelled “Setup 1”. This should return you to your correct setup. 11. You may save this program as an AUTOST llle or other file for later recall. Refer to the manual supplement, Using HP HP 871 lC/12C/13C/l4C, HP Instrument BASIC User’s...
Page 307 Automating Measurements Operator Interaction Using UserJlefined When user-detied Cm) is used in conjunction with a switch connected to the USER TTL IN/OUT rear panel connector, you can cycle through up to seven softkeys in sequence by activating the switch. 1. Connect a switch to the USER TTL IN/OUT rear panel connector as shown in Figure 7-6.
Page 308: Data Entry Using A Barcode Reader
Information such as the operator’s name or test station number can also be entered, to allow correlation of the devices tested with the test station. Connect a barcode reader, such as the HP KeyWand HBCK-1210, to the analyzer’s DIN KEYBOARD connector (on the rear panel). Once connected, the barcode reader will send scanned barcode characters to the analyzer just as if they were typed on a keyboard.
Page 309: Data Entry Using An External Keyboard
If your keyboard has a standard (large) DIN connector, you will need to use a DIN to mini-DIN adapter to connect the keyboard to the analyzer. These adapters are available as HP part no. 1252-4141. Contact the nearest HP sales or service office for more information.
Page 310: Using The Analyzer's Title Feature
Automating Measurements Operator Interaction The analyzer has two 30character title lines which can be entered using the barcode reader. From the front panel, press (m) More Then use the barcode reader to scan in the information from the DUT or use a keyboard to type in the information.
Page 311: Hot Keys On External Keyboard For Common Functions
You can use a keyboard’s keys instead of the analyzer’s keys to control the analyzer. ‘lhble 7-l provides the same information that can be found on a template that is supplied with each analyzer (HP part number 08712-80028). Function keys F9, FlO, and Fll are “hot keys” which perform common operations such as entering measurement titles and saving measurement results to disk.
Page 312 Automating Measurements Operator Interaction Table 7-1. Keyboard Template Definition Koyboard Key Name Koyboard Koy Irma Analyzer Function Shift F4 Opt IBASIC Command Line On/Off Shift F5 Shift FB Shift F7 Shift FB Shift F9 Shift FlO Shift Fl 1 Shift F12 Herd Copy Graph and Softkeys Shift Print Screen Title Keys Line 1 or RCL’...
Page 313: User-Defined Ttl Input/Output
Automating Measurements Operator Interaction The USER TTL port can be used as a general-purpose input or output. Like the LIMIT TEST IN/OUT line, the USER TTL IN/OUT line is au open collector drive. When used as an input, the state of the USER TTL IN/OUT line can be read with either the SCPI command or with the IBASIC command I = READIO(lS,l>...
Page 314: Using A Foot Switch Or Button Box
Automating Measurements Operator Interaction You can connect a foot switch, button box, or custom keyboard which has a few function keys that are custom-labeled, and use this in conjunction with operator presses one key, then the next, in order. The foot-switch simply connects two wires together, grounding the center pin of the analyzer’s USER TTL IN/OUT rear panel connector.
Page 315 Automating Measurements Operator Interaction DIM Msg$[2001 INTEGER X IF POS(SYSTEM$("SYSTEM ID"),"HP 871") THEN ASSIGN 6Hp8711 TO 800 ELSE ASSIGN (PHp8711 TO 716 BORT CLEAR 716 END IF Start: ! LOOP ! Display message OUTPUT QHp871l;"DISP:ANN:MESS ! Wait for button to be pressed REPEAT OUTPUT QHp871l;"DIAG:PORT:READ? 15,l"...
Page 316: Limit Test Pass/Fail Ttl Input/Output
Automating Measurements Operator Interaction When limit testing is turned on, the LIMIT TEST IN/OUT rear-panel BNC connector indicates the status of the limit test. If the limit test passes, this TTL output goes high. If the limit test fails, this TTL output goes low. This signal can be used, for example, as an input to a materials handler.
Page 317 Automating Measurements Operator Interaction Finally, the LIMIT TEST TTL IN/OUT line can be used as a general-purpose output line. With limit testing turned off, the state of the line can be set to logic high or low with either the SCPI command or with the BASIC command Following is an example of reading the LIMIT TEST TTL IN/OUT line when used as an input:...
Page 318: Analyzer Port Numbers
Automating Measurements Operator Interaction Writeable Ports Table 7-2. Writeable Ports port Number Description Outputs I-bit data to the Cent-00 thru 07 lines of the Centronics port. Cent-00 is the leas significant bit, Cent-07 is the most significant bit. Checks Centronics status lines for: Out of Paper Printer Not on Line B U S Y...
Page 319: Output For Large Screen External Monitor
Automating Measurements Operator Interaction Readable Ports Table 7-3. Readable Ports Register Description Pert Number Reads the serial port. port Reads the E-bit data Cent-DO thru 07. Reads the user bit. Reads the limit test pass/fail bit. Reads the &bit status port. DO-Cent-acknowledge D l - C e n t - b u s y M - C e n t - p r i n t e r - e r r...
Page 320 Measurement Setup and Control with F&t Recall The production of RF components often involves several steps, each step requiring a unique set of instrument settings. Likewise, the different test configurations at each step may require associated calibrations. Manually entering these sets of parameters (or “states;‘) or calibrating at each step in the manufacturing process is slow, prone to error, and costly.
Page 321: Measurement Setup And Control With Fast Recall
Automating Measurements Measurement Setup and Control with Fast Recall 5. The fast recall feature utilizes only the hrst seven files listed that contain instrument state, calibration or measurement data. 6. If you have not previously saved any files to this disk, you many want to save a few instrument states now, to follow along.
Page 322: Using Fast Recall With A Switch
Automating Measurements Measurement Setup and Control with Fast Recall When fast recall is used in conjunction with a switch connected to the USER TTL IN/OUT rear panel connector, you can cycle through up to seven instrument states in sequence by activating the switch. 1.
Page 323: Automated Measurement Setup And Control
IBASIC program running inside the analyzer, or be in another language running on an external computer. The control program sends SCPI and IEEE-488 commands to the analyzer’s HP-IB or LAN interface. The HP-IB commands rapidly change the instrument settings or calibration.
Page 324 The HP-IR interface can also be used to trigger sweeps, read measurement values, or signal events within the analyzer. Most operations that can be done from the front panel can also be done over the HP-IB interface. See the Programmer’s Guide for details.
Page 325: Setting The Instrument State
The analyzer offers several techniques for quickly changing the instrument’s measurement parameters: Recall of instrument states from disk The learn string HP-IB command (*LRN) SCPI commands that change specific parameters Recalling Instrument The analyzer has two built-in memory (RAM) disks, “Non-Vol RAM Disk” and States From Disk “Volatile RAM Disk”.
Page 326 Automating Measurements Automated Measurement Setup and Control Recalling a state from RAM disk typically takes 4 seconds, but the time is dependent on settings such as number of points. One strategy for managing a large set of recall states is to initially store them on a floppy disk.
Page 327 Automating Measurements Automated Measurement Setup and Control Using learn Strings to The IEEE 488 *LRN (“learn”) command can also be used to set or query a Save and Recall complete set of instrument parameters. This can be used as a programming Instrument States convenience, eliminating the need for using disk files when saving and recalling instrument states.
Page 328: Scpi Commands That Modify A Single Parameter
Automating Measurements Automated Measurement Setup and Control If several measurement setups are similar - differing only by a few instrument parameters - the fastest way to switch between the states is for the control program to send the SCPI commands that modify those parameters.
Page 329: Fast Iterative Control
Following is a listing of an example program named “FASTCW” that can be found on your Ex.xmple Programs Disk. DIM Freq,str$ C201 DIM Msg$ Cl001 IF POS(SYSTEM$(“SYSTEM ID”) ,“HP 871”) THEN ASSIGN 6Hp8711 TO 800 ELSE ASSIGN OHp8711 TO 716...
Page 330 Automating Measurements Automated Measurement Setup and Control ! Select CW display and sweep OUTPUT OHp871l;"DISP:ANN:FREQl:MODE CW" OUTPUT QHp871l;"SENSl:FREQ:SPAN 0 Hz;*HAI" ! Take a single sweep, leaving the analyzer ! in trigger hold mode. OUTPUT OHp87l1;"ABOR;:INITl:CONT OFF;*WAI" ! Turn on Marker 1 OUTPUT OHp87ll;"CALC:MARKl ON"...
Page 331: Responsive Communication Using Srqs
Service Requests (SRQs) are a method by which you can instruct the analyzer to tell your computer program when a condition changes or when an event of interest occurs. This communication is done via HP-II3 signals. Analyzer SRQ events include:...
Page 332: Autost Files
Automating Measurements Automated Measurement Setup and Control When IBASIC is used, the measurement control program can be saved as an AUTOST file on the analyzer’s non-volatile RAM disk. When the analyzer’s power is turned on, it will first check for this file on the non-volatile RAM disk and then on the 3.5”...
Page 333: Controlling Peripherals
Controlling Peripherals The analyzer lets you access its rear panel interface ports from your measurement control program. Using this capability, you can communicate with peripherals such as material handlers, custom DUT interface circuits, external switch boxes, and printers. Communication with the DIN KEYBOARD interface, the USER TTL, and LIMIT TEST TTL connectors is described in detail in the earlier section titled “Operator Interaction.”...
Page 334 Automating Measurements Controlling Peripherals Table 7-4. Writeable Ports Register Dsscription Outputs 8-bit data to the CentJILl thru 07 lines of the Centronics port. Cent-DO is the least significant bit, Cent-07 is the most significant bit. Checks Centronics status lines for: Out of Paper Printer Not on tine A C K N O W L E D G E...
Page 335: Writing To The Parallel Port
Automating Measurements Controlling Peripherals N O T E When using the set High. However, when the instrument is doing hardcopy, the Printer-Select Line is set low The Printer-Select line may or may not be used by individual printers. Check with your printer manual. port’s output pins, use one of the following commands: OUTPUT ORfna;“DIAG:PORT:WRITE 15,3,52”...
Page 336 Automating Measurements Controlling Peripherals d a t a b y t e n D O . . .D7 s t r o b e Figure 7-9. Writing to the Parallel Port Table 7-6. Parallel Port Pins Name Name Data 5 Strobe Data 6 Data 1...
Page 337 Automating Measurements Controlling Peripherals The data will typically remain valid until the next write to the parallel port, but you should always latch the data using the strobe. Figure 7-10 shows a simple circuit which can be used to write to an f&bit DAC and a digital latch DECODE NOTE: ESD PROTECTION, POWER SUPPLIES AND DECOUPLING ARE NOT SHOWN.
Page 338: Reading From The Parallel Port
Automating Measurements Controlling Peripherals The paralIe1 port has five TTL input signals, normally used for determining the printer’s status, which can be read. The signals and the corresponding data bits and pins are shown in the following table: Name Acknowledge Busy O u t o f Paper On Line...
Page 339: Hardcopy Considerations
Automating Measurements Controlling Peripherals The analyzer’s (j-1 feature can send output to printers connected to the parallel port. lf you have a custom interface circuit attached to the parallel port, you don’t want the hardcopy output to interfere with it. To address this issue, the analyzer uses the parallel port’s Printer-Select signal (pin 17) to differentiate between hardcopy dumps and user-issued parallel port, the Printer-Select signal is driven low.
Page 340: Using The Serial Port
Automating Measurements Controlling Peripherals Like the parallel port, the RS-232 serial port can also be accessed using SCPI and IBASIC commands. ‘lb write a byte with a value of 52 decimal (34 hex, 0011 0100 binary) to the serial port, use one of the following commands: OUTPUT ORfna;“DIAG:PORT:WRITE 9,0,52”...
Page 341: Displaying Measurement Results
Displaying Measurement Results It is often helpful to eliminate unnecessary information and annotation that might distract an operator, and only show the information necessary to perform a particular task. The analyzer provides several features to let you customize the information shown on the display as shown in the following Egure.
Page 342: Graticule On/Off
Automating Measurements Displaying Measurement Results The graticule is the set of grid lines that designate increments of value on the x-axis and y-axis of the measurement. turning off the graticule makes it easier to view the measurement trace, limit lines, and markers. lb turn the graticule off, press c-1 Wore D%spIay where the window number is 1 if in full screen display, and 1 or 2 for the upper and lower split screen displays.
Page 343: Limit Testing
Automating Measurements Displaying Measurement Results The measurement trace can be automatically compared to limits which you define. The limits, entered as lines and points, can be displayed on the screen or can be hidden. Whether or not the limits are displayed, the analyzer will display “PASS”...
Page 344 Automating Measurements Displaying Measurement Results For more information on limit lines, see “Using Limit TWing” in Chapter 4. See Figure 7- 11 for an example of a measurement using limit lines with a “PASS” test result. 7-65...
Page 345: Customized X-Axis Annotation
Automating Measurements Displaying Measurement Results X-axis annotation consists of one or two lines of information that appear below the graticule. By default, the X-axis annotation displays the stimulus frequencies (default resolution is kHz), or powers if in power sweep. It can be, however, customized using SCPI commands to show your own start and stop x-axis values and units.
Page 346 Automating Measurements Displaying Measurement Results When using custom X-axis annotation, the SCPI command CALC:MARK:X and query CALC:MARK:X? will return the analyzer’s stimulus value, not Your custom annotation values. If this is a problem, You can use the SCPI command CALC:MARK:POIN to specify the X-axis point number at which You wish to position the marker.
Page 347: Customized Measurement Channel Annotation
Automating Measurements Displaying Measurement Results The analyzer displays measurement channel annotation above the graticule. This annotation shows the measurement type, format, scalekliv, and reference level. You may replace this annotation with your own text or eliminate the measurement channel annotation completely. ‘lb do so, use the following command to enable user-defined annotation: For example: DISPlay:ANNotation:CHANnell:USER...
Page 348: Markers
Automating Measurements Displaying Measurement Results The active marker’s value is displayed in the upper right area of the graticule. If marker bandwidth (or notch) search is selected, the bandwidth (or notch) information is displayed instead. This marker information can be used to view exact measured data at critical frequency points.
Page 349 Automating Measurements Displaying Measurement Results These functions perform certain mathematical calculations on the amplitude data of user-defined trace segments. See “To Use Marker Math Functions” in Chapter 4 for more information on these features. 7-70...
Page 350: Title And Clock
Automating Measurements Displaying Measurement Results The analyzer has two 30-character title lines. One of these lines can be replaced with a real-time clock readout. The title line can be set to show the serial number and type of the DUT. Doing so provides a simple and safe link between the device under test and the measurement data.
Page 351: Saving Measurement Results
Refer to the chapter titled “Trace Data Transfers” in the Programmer’s Guide for more details. From BASIC, you can also use Read-fdata( ), which is faster. Refer to the chapter titled “Using Subprograms” in the supplement to the HP Instruct 7-72...
Page 352: Saving The Measurement To Disk-Save Ascii
Automating Measurements Saving Measurement Results The analyzer has a Save ASCIf feature which saves the measurement trace in a format compatible with many popular spreadsheet programs such as Lotus@ l-2-3@ and Microsoft Excel@. The measurement can also be saved in lbuchstone format for importing data into CAE programs. The measurement is saved to a file on the analyzer’s disk.
Page 353: Saving The Measurement To Disk-Save Data
Automating Measurements Saving Measurement Results Similar to Save ASCII, the analyzer can also save the measurement data onto disk as an instrument state lile. Use Def ino Save , and turn Data ON and turn Inst State and Cal OFF A file saved in this manner is smaller than a file saved using S2tvo Save Data uses 6 bytes per point, as opposed to about 20 bytes per point for...
Page 354: Saving Measurement Results To Disk
MMEM:COPY ‘RAM:*.*‘, ‘INT:’ The following mass storage specifiers can be used: Disk Disk Volatile RAM Disk The liles can also be transferred over HP-lB using the SCPI command : TRANsf er. Refer to the “Example Programs” chapter in the MMEM 7-75...
Page 355: Using Hardcopy Features To Print Or Plot Results
HP-ll3 port, you can use the parallel port for hardcopy. Or you can have your computer collect the measurement results and format them itself and dump them to its own printer.
Page 356 These steps are discussed in detail below: Put the printer into HP-GL mode. In order to send HP-GL hardcopy output to your PCL-5 printer, you must first instruct the printer to accept HP-GL commands. On some printers, this can be done using the printer’s built-m menu. You can also send the printer a also, to the example program titled “FAST-PRT”...
Page 357 Automating Measurements Saving Measurement Results HARDCOPY I MAGE I MAGE A - S I ZE A - S I P O R T R A I T L A N D S C A P E O R I E N T A T I O N O R I E N T A T I O N Figure 7-l 2.
Page 358 Using the same calculations for an A-size sheet of paper in landscape orientation gives: IP 500,7,10500,7700; The numbers shown in these examples work well on an HP LaserJet 4. Your printers margins may vary slightly. Perform a hardcopy dump in HP-GL format.
Page 359: Custom Data Sheets
The example program uses hardcopy output to generate a report with custom text. Five different text fonts are used. The fonts are available for HP LaserJet printers. Refer to your printer manual to modify the example fonts for your printer.
Page 360 Automating Measurements Saving Measurement Results COMPANY Level Bandwidth PASS BAND 60 MHz +/- 3 MHz -3 dB -20 dB 95 MHz +/- 5 MHz -60 dB 200 MHz +/- 8 MHz SWR PASSBAND (typical) $24.95 Cost per unit: IMMEDIATE DELIVERY!
Page 361: Statistical Process Control
“unnatural” patterns. You can purchase computer programs such as SAS and SPlus to perform statistical analyses. HP VEE, which you can use to control your analyzer, also offers some statistical capability. You can also use add-in macros for popular spreadsheet programs.
Page 362 Front/Rear Panel...
Page 363 Front/Rear Panel This chapter contains detailed information on various aspects of the analyzer front and rear panel. Information on the following can be found in this chapter: Knob Display Intensity Control Disk Drive Line Module The front panel keys are not documented in this chapter. Refer to Chapter 9 for information on a particular front panel key.
Page 364 Connectors 0 0 0 P R O B E TRANSMISSION REFLECTION POWER R F O U T Figure g-l. Analyzer Connectors - Front Panel 8 - 3...
Page 365: Front/Rear Panel Connectors
Front/Rear Panel Connectors L I M I T T E S T T T L E X T T R I G P A R A L L E L V I D E O I N / O U T I N / O U T PORT COLOR...
Page 366: Bnc Connectors
Front/Rear Panel Connectors AUX INPUT This rear panel female BNC connector is for low frequency (dc to approximately 360 Hz), low voltage measurements. This input is calibrated for inputs up to f10 V, but will accept signals up to f15 V. See “Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input”...
Page 367 If limit testing is turned off on both measurement channels, this connector also serves as a user-defined TTL input and output that can be set and read from IBASIC or SCPI (HP-IB). See Chapter 7, “Automating Measurements, n for more information. USER TI’L...
Page 368: Multi-Pin Connectors
This connector allows the analyzer to be connected to other instruments or devices on the interface bus. Details of this cable are shown in Figure 8-3. HP part numbers for various HP-IJ3 cables that are available are shown in the table following the Ggure.
Page 369 There are certain restrictions that must be followed when interconnecting instruments: Each instrument must have a unique HP-IB address, ranging from 0 to 30. In a two-instrument system that uses just one HP-lB cable, the cable length must not exceed 4 meters (13.2 ft).
Page 370 Front/Rear Panel Connectors PARALLEL PORT This rear panel connector is used with peripherals with parallel interface such as printers and plotters. The pin-out is standard IBM PC compatible Centronics interface, using a female DB-25 connector, as shown in Figure 8-4. All pins are ESD protected, data and strobe pins have 2200 pF capacitors, voltage levels are TTL compatible, output pins can source 15 mA and sink 24 mA.
Page 371 Front/Rear Panel Connectors The RS-232 connector is a rear panel connector used with serial peripherals such as printers and plotters. The pin-out is shown in Figure 8-5. The connector is a male DB-9. See “Configure the Hardcopy Port,” in Chapter 4 for information on using this port with a printer or plotter.
Page 372 Front/Rear Panel Connectors VIDEO OUT COLOR VGA This rear panel connector provides signals to drive an external VGA compatible monitor. The table below describes a VGA compatible monitor, and Figure 8-6 shows the pin-out for the VIDEO OUT connector, looking into the connector.
Page 374: Rf Connectors
‘lb adapt from 50 61 to 75 fl), always use a minimum loss pad: For adapting from 50 fl female to 75 fl female use an HP 11852B, Option 004, minimum loss pad. For adapting from 75 R female to 50 fl female, use a standard HP 11852B minimum loss pad. 8-13...
Page 375: Display
Display The analyzer display shows various measurement information. The following illustration shows several locations where information is provided on the screen. Avg 16 8-14...
Page 376 Front/Rear Panel Display The data ? status notation in the upper left corner of the display screen indicates that the analyzer source or receiver parameters have changed since the last complete sweep. The active measurement channel indicator is designated by a solid triangle l)l. The active measurement channel’s data trace and other parameter data is indicated by being brighter than the inactive measurement channel’s data.
Page 377: Knob
Knob The front panel knob is used to increase or decrease parameter values. The front panel knob is used to give an analog feel to the setting of the values. Any of the values that can be set through the numeric entry pad, or the step keys, can also be set using the knob.
Page 378: Line Power Switch 1 1 1
Line Power Switch L I N E ’ POWER S W I T C H Figure g-g. The Analyzer Line Power Switch The line POWER switch turns power to the analyzer to either on ( standby The analyzer line POWER switch is located at the bottom left corner of the front panel.
Page 379 Front/Rear Panel line Power Switch Before turning the analyzer on, make sure that it is grounded through W A R N I N G the protective conductor of the power cable to a mains power receptacle provided with protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective grounding conductor inside or outside of the analyzer or disconnection of the protective earth terminal can result in personal injury.
Page 380: Display Intensity Control
Display Intensity Control Figure 84. Display Intensity Control The intensity control adjusts the brightness of the display. 8-19...
Page 382: Line Module
Line Module The line module contains: the power cable receptacle the line fuse (and an extra fuse) the voltage selector switch. The line power cable is supplied in one of several configurations, depending on the destination of the original shipment. Each instrument is equipped with a three-wire power cable.
Page 383 Front/Rear Panel line Module CABLE PLUG CABLE FOR USE PLUG TYPE * * DESCRIPTION LENGTH COLOR IN COUNTRV NUMBER I N C H E S 8 1 2 0 - 1 3 5 1 2 2 9 ( 9 0 ) M i n t Gray G r e a t B r i t a i n .
Page 384: The Line Fuse
Front/Rear Panel line Module The line fuse (HP part number 2110-0882), and a spare, reside within the line module. Figure 8-12 illustrates where the fuses are and how to access them. REWDR I VER P R Y O P E N...
Page 385: The Voltage Selector Switch
Front/Rear Panel S W I T C H Figure 8-13. Voltage Selector Switch location Use a screwdriver to set the line voltage selector switch to the proper position (either 110 V or 220 V). The power source must meet the following requirements: If the ac line voltage does not fall within these ranges, an autotransformer that provides third wire continuity to ground may be used.
Page 386 Reference...
Page 387 This chapter provides a brief description of each of the analyzer’s hardkeys and softkeys. This chapter is arranged alphabetically for ease of use.
Page 388: Numeric Entries
See “Using Markers” in Chapter 4 for an explanation of “active marker,” and for more information on using markers. 3.5 mm. Coefficients for male and female test ports are identical and based on the HP 85033D cal kit standards. See Chapter 6, “Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy” for more information.
Page 389 Reference See “Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer” in Chapter 3 for more information on input A. measurement A/R. See “Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer” in Chapter 3 for more information on measuring A/R. to the hardcopy device. N O T E Hardcopy devices with large buffers may continue to operate for quite a while after this command.
Page 390 Reference returns to the cal check menu. See Chapter 6 for more information on using cal check. lowest numbered marker (if any) the active marker. See “Using Markers” in Chapter 4 for an explanation of “active marker,” and for more information on using markers. Access Keys: (MARKERI) Mars Markers limit table.
Page 391 Reference in add limit menu. Displays menu to add a minimum limit line. lines. Access Keys: @iSiTiFj Limit Msrtu Add limit See “Using Limit Lines” in Chapter 4 for detailed information on using limit lines. Access Keys: @ji5TFj Limit Menu Add limit marker, and marker tracking on the active measurement channel.
Page 392 Reference hardcopies will contain screen annotation such as the marker readout that appears in the upper right corner of the display. When off, the screen annotation is suppressed from the hardcopy. the analyzer’s display screen by enabling or disabling annotation for Options measurement channel, frequency, and markers.
Page 393 Reference Access Keys: [AVG) feature on and off. Default is on. Access Keys: HARD COPY graticule area of the display. external broadband detectors. Periodically compensates for external detector drift due to changes in temperature. When this feature is selected, the detector(s) are automatically zeroed every five minutes.
Page 394 Reference reduces random noise by averaging the measurement data from sweep to See “lb Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor” in Chapter 5 for more information on how averaging works. of averaging parameters as well as system bandwidth and delay aperture selections.
Page 395 transmission measurement of input B (power transmitted to RF IN port). See “Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer” in Chapter 3 for more information on input B. of input B* (power transmitted to RF IN port). This is the “power” measurement detector.
Page 396 Reference other user-specified bandwidth, center frequency, and Q of a bandpass filter. See “Using Markers” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: [MARKER’ Maker Seaxh the analyzer for serial devices. Make sure the rate you set matches the requirement of the output device (see its manual for details). Access keys: (j-1 Select Copy Pe~?t off (0) to high (100).
Page 397 when using external detectors. Access Keys: (JEiTi~ or (MEAs) D&action Optiuas made with internal broadband detectors: B*, R*, or B*/R*. Access Keys: (j] or (j2) U&tsctkon Optlkoins reflection measurements of passive devices such as cables. Passive 9-12...
Page 398 Reference Cable and SRL measurements. See your Option 100 User’s Guide Supplement for information. the current measurement mode. See Chapter 6 for information on calibrating the analyzer. Cal, mieck check feature will compute and display corrected measurement uncertainties (residual errors) that apply to the current instrument settings and calibrations.
Page 399 Clears the entire title, name or the current IBASIC program from internal memory. P r o g r a m See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS...
Page 400 Reference when they are turned on. Format Date abbreviations: YYYY stands for year. MM stands for month. DD stands for day Time abbreviations: HH stands for hour, 24 hour mode. MM stands for minute. In numeric format, the month is displayed by number (for example, March is 03).
Page 401 (Option IC2, BASIC, only) Softkey in IBASIC menu. Restarts a program that continue has been paused. See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information on using Access Keys: OPTIONS begins its next sweep at the conclusion of the current sweep.
Page 402 Reference Access Keys: SAVE RECALL the destination drive for copying of files. Displays character entry menu to 3.5" Disk rename file (if desired) prior to copying. Access Keys: SAVE RECALL RAM as the destination drive for copying of files. Displays character entry menu to rename Ele (if desired) prior to copying.
Page 403 See “Using an External VGA Monitor” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS customize the colors on your external monitor, or to customize the greyscale on the analyzer’s internal display. See “Using an External VGA Monitor” in Chapter 4 for more information. source operation.
Page 404 Reference traces, with identical scaling and format. You must have selected Use care in interpreting memory trace values. The memory trace may have C A U T I O N been stored under conditions different from the current measurement trace. current measurement data.
Page 405 System Gonffg User TTL Co&Xg SYSTEM OPTIONS their default values. See “Define the Printer or Plotter Settings” in Chapter 4 for default values. Access Keys: (iG%EjiT) Deffrra PlctttBr Set F#xr $Tmhezs graph are to be printed or plotted: trace data, graticule, annotation, marker Graph symbol, title and clock, or combinations.
Page 406 Reference in [ menu. Displays menu to save the instrument state, SAVE RECALL measurement calibration, measurement data, or combinations. Allows choice of saving trace data in ASCII format for output to spreadsheets. ASCII format is compatible with Lotus l-2-3. See “Saving and Recalling Measurement Results” in Chapter 4 for more information.
Page 407 Reference a limit line or all limits. See “Using Limit Lines” in Chapter 4 for more information on limit lines. Access Keys: (iTEET] Limit Mertu . (Option ICZ, IBASIC, on@) Softkey in edit menu of IBASIC. Allows deletion of one line of code at a time. Line Access Keys: OPTIONS...
Page 408 Reference resolution as MHz, kHz, or Hz. For example, a frequency of 1,234,567 Hz can be displayed as: 1 MHz (note rounding down), 1.235 MHz (note rounding up), or 1.234 567 MHz. Default is kHz. concerning type of data to be displayed, split or full screen, title and limit lines.
Page 409 (Option lC2, IBASIC, on&) Softkey in BASIC menu. Displays the IBASIC edit menu and a rudimentary word and character editor. See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: OPTIONS amplitude of previously entered limits, or add a data trace marker.
Page 410 See ‘Using Limit Lines” in Chapter 4 for more information on limit lines. Access Keys: (i5FZF) I.&it W~nn A&d limit Aqd Max Lfas OT Add Efin Line L i n e # See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for information on the secure function. Access Keys: OPTIONS calibration that corrects for frequency response tracking errors, load match, and input match.
Page 411 10 MHz signal as frequency standard. When on, if signal is not present at on QFF EXT REF lN connector, network analyzer will not sweep. Default is off. N O T E External reference should be disconnected from EXT REF IN or power reduced when not in use. (frequency) point when externally triggered through EXT TRIG IN/OUT rear panel connector, one point per trigger.
Page 412 Programs saved in ASCll format can be read by any HP BASIC computer or instrument running IBASIC. Binary format is specific to this family of analyzers (HP 8711C/12C/13C/14C). A program saved in binary format is not readable by an IBASIC computer or other instruments running IBASIC.
Page 413 Reference Binary format, however, is required if you are going to use the LOADSUB keyword. See the HP 871 lC/l2C/13C/14C Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information on saving programs. ) Fbqpxms Access Keys: SAVE RECALL in [ menu. Displays menu to rename, delete, or copy SAVE RECALL See “Other File Utilities”...
Page 414 Reference See “Formatting a Floppy Disk” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: RECALL can be internal non-volatile memory, internal volatile memory, or built-in 3.5” Disk Menu disk. See “Formatting a Floppy Disk” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: File Utilitihas SAVE RECALL...
Page 415 Reference Frsq hnot bottom of the display on or off. See “Customizing the Display” in Chapter 4 for more information. Frequency See “lb Create a Single Point Limit” in Chapter 4 for an example of how to set a limit point. Access Keys: @i’G5Fj Limit Menu Add Iimit Add Max Pain% cm- frequency sweep mode, after it has been used in power sweep mode.
Page 416 Reference marker table. N O T E The marker table prints only if one or more markers are on. See “Define the Output” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: [HARD’ D&fino Hardcopy Graph See “Define the Output” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: [-COPY) I&f ins HardcoPy Graphics the annotation on a hardcopy.
Page 417 Reference width) for grid on hardcopy. Access Keys: (j-1 Define Plotter S&t Fen Numbe1~3 grey scale when using a monochrome external monitor. Access Keys: (i%i%Fj More Dieplay C01ar Optiuns 9 - 3 2...
Page 418 Reference or stop prints or plots, set up the printer or plotter, and determine the appearance of the copy. See “Connecting and Conhguring Printers and Plotters” and “Printing and Plotting Measurement Results” in Chapter 4 for more information. screens to the currently selected hard copy device. Access Keys: Operating Pa;Fametsrs- SYSTEM OPTIONS...
Page 419 Reference external monitors. Also affects network analyzer’s internal CRT. Default setting is 31.68 psec. This setting is not affected by an instrument preset. See “Using an External VGA Monitor” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: OPTIONS the display on both the internal CRT and an external monitor. Accepts whole number values from 1 to 100, with 1 representing as far left as possible and with 100 representing as far right as possible.
Page 420 Reference Default HP-II3 address is 16. This setting is not affected by [PRESET) or ) HP-IB Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS Default HP-IB address is 16. This setting is not affected by (-1 or Access Keys: HP-IB OPTIONS in [ menu. Displays menu to set the HP-IB address...
Page 421 resolution. Access Keys: IFREQl Disp Fr~q Resalut fain 9-36...
Page 422 SYSTEM OPTIONS functions include run, continue, step, edit, key record, and clear. See Chapter 7, “Using Automation, ’ and the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. (Option lC2, IBASIC, on&) Softkey in IBASIC menu. Displays a menu to allow selection of how to display an BASIC program.
Page 423 Reference line menu for editing IBASIC programs. See the HP InstmLment BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS information. Access Keys: RECALL data from a floppy disk to internal EPROM. This must be done after loading From Disk new hrmware into the analyzer.
Page 424 Reference automatically (in Continuous mode) or as desired (in Single mode). Access Keys: (MENU] Trigger Tri&geF %WX~ location where information is saved, re-saved, or recalled. See “Saving and Recalling Measurement Results” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: Select Disk SAVE RECALL uncertainties that can be viewed after performing a cal check.
Page 425 N O T E When editing an IBASIC program, Key should be off. Record See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS resolution. For example, 1.234 567 MHz is displayed as 1.235 MHz (note rounding up).
Page 426 Reference (Option lF7, LANcapabilitg, in [ menu. SYSTEM OPTIONS Pressing this key calls up the menu to setup your LAN port and to turn the LAN state on or off. Refer to the Option lF7 User’s Guide Supplement for information. (Option lF7, LANcapabilitg on&) Softkey in select copy port menu.
Page 427 Limit fcun fail indicator from being displayed on the analyzer’s screen. Does not disable PASS or FAIL text. Pass/fail text can be disabled with the Liatit Text QN off softkey. See “Customizing the Display” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: (-1 Limit Menu Lti&...
Page 428 Reference lines on or off, and to reposition and enable/disable the pass/fail indicator and See “Customizing the Display” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: c-j Limit Maatu “FAIL” or “PASS” notation may be displayed on the CRT. Pass/fail information is also routed to the LIMIT TEST TTL IN/OUT connector on the rear panel of the analyzer.
Page 429 Reference N O T E Plotting lists with many data points can be very time consuming. See “Printing and Plotting Measurement Results” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: Define Hax+dcqq HARD Access Keys: lFREQl Autotrack data from floppy disk to the analyzer’s internal volatile RAM. See the Service Guide for more information.
Page 430 See “Saving Instrument Data” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: SAVE upper half. See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS display items on your external monitor. Luminance specilles the brightness of the selected color.
Page 431 Reference for y-axis scale. Units Access Keys: (jjJ More entry of directory name. See “lb Use Directory Utilities” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: File Utilitieta IIf~&%ory Utilities SAVE RECALL Recommended setting with external RF source at detectors to coordinate RF off and zeroing.
Page 432 Reference the phase of the DUT. This is performed automatically, regardless of the format and the measurement being made. Enough line length is added to or subtracted from the receiver input to compensate for the phase slope at the active marker position. This effectively flattens the phase trace around the active marker, and can be used to measure electrical length or deviation from linear phase.
Page 433 marker limit function that is currently highlighted in the on-screen table. See “lb Use Marker Limit Functions” in Chapter 4 for more information. point of maximum amplitude. If tracking is off, marker remains at that frequency. If tracking is on, marker moves to the maximum point with each sweep.
Page 434 Reference medium wide. 1200 Hz See Chapter 5, “Optimizing Measurements,” for information on how system bandwidth can affect your measurements. Access Keys: (AVG_) System Bmdwidth See Chapter 5, “Optimizing Measurements,” for information on how system bandwidth can affect your measurements. Access Keys: m System LWdwid%h medium wide.
Page 435 Reference Access Keys: (j-COPY) D&f ino Plottar Sat Pea N~&ers for memory trace 2 on hardcopy. Access Keys: [HARDCOPY) Befine Pla%tez~~ Set PB~ NWIIWYS trigger functions, number of points, external reference, and spur avoid features. resolution. For example, 1.234 567 MHz is displayed as 1 MHz (note rounding down).
Page 436 Reference Mixer and frequency converter measurements: conversion loss, reflection, and AM delay (for analyzers with Option 1DA or 1DB). See “Measuring Conversion Loss” in Chapter 3 for an example conversion loss measurement. information displayed in the upper right corner of the display on or off. See “Customizing the Display”...
Page 437 Reference N O T E Graph and Mkr Table Graph or plot. Access Keys: HARD COPY marker values (frequency and amplitude). Access Keys: HARD of maximum amplitude. If tracking is off, marker remains at that frequency. If tracking is on, marker moves to the maximum point with each sweep. See “Using Markers”...
Page 438 Reference time as Month-Day-Year HourMinute. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS Cluck Fc433xiat Allows you to modify the memory allocation on the internal non-volatile RAM ) Select Access Keys: Disk Currf igura Wl;,ftltM Disk SAVE RECALL See “Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters” in Chapter 4 for more information.
Page 439 8 markers on consecutive maximum points. See “lb Use Marker Search Functions” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: (jj) ?@kar Sgzvch Mare with an HP 87075C multiport test set. Refer to them 87075C User’s and Service Guide for more information. ) f+tear C&fig...
Page 440 Reference Naxxow medium wide. See Chapter 5, “Optimizing Measurements,” for information on how system bandwidth can affect your measurements. Access Keys: (AVG) System BandHidth measurements of inputs A, B, or R or the ratios A/R or B/R. See “Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer” in Chapter 3 for more information.
Page 441 Reference nearest peak to the right. Right See “‘lb Use Marker Search Functions” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: (7%EEEj Harker Search Mm Se=& RAM as the location where information is saved, re-saved, or recalled. See “Saving and Recalling Measurement Results” in Chapter 4 for more information.
Page 442 Reference other user-speciEed bandwidth, center frequency, and Q of a notch filter. See “Using Markers” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: @iZG%iTj !I=kar SOWX~ points in a sweep: 3, 5, 11, 21, 51, 101, 201 (default), 401, 801, or 1601. As Points the number of points increases, frequency resolution increases and sweep speed decreases.
Page 443 Reference perform a user-defined reflection measurement calibration. See “To Perform A Reflection Calibration” in Chapter 6 for more information. in [ menu. Displays several screens of measurement SYSTEM OPTIONS channel settings, cal kit definitions, instrument settings, and instrument 9 - 5 8...
Page 444 Reference (Option ICZ, IBASIC, on@) Softkey in secure menu. Use with caution: secured program lines can not be listed, seen, or edited. See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: YSTEM OPTIONS of the data, measured in degrees. This format displays the phase shift versus frequency.
Page 445 Reference P o r t r a i t Softkey in dehne printer menu. Sets printer to print hardcopy so that paper is oriented with shorter edge at top and longer edges at sides. Portrait is the default setting, and toggles with Landscape . measurements.
Page 446 Reference information. device at HP-IB port, for HP-h3 printers and plotters only. The default address is 5. The “recognized HP-IB address” is the address that the network analyzer uses to communicate with the device. The actual address of the device must be set independently to match.
Page 447 Reference 7 predetermined power ranges to choose from. Range See POUW Sweep entry in this chapter for more information on the power sweep function. 9-62...
Page 448 See “Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer” in Chapter 3 for information on receiver inputs. entry menu to re-title program and save it to memory or disk. Program See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: SAVE RECALL in ( menu.
Page 449 OPTIONS (Option 1 c2, BASIC, on&) Softkey in programs menu. Recalls to the network analyzer a program from internal memory, internal disk, or external disk. See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: SAVE in [ menu.
Page 450 Reference menus. Selects forward reflection type of measurement. Power is output from the RF OUT port and also measured there. See “Measuring Reflection Response” in Chapter 3 for more information. Access Keys: [hnEAs1_) or c-2) or CBEG’N] uncertainties that can be viewed after performing a cal check. Refer to Chapter 6 for more information on using Cal check.
Page 451 Reference measurement calibration that corrects for frequency response errors. Frequency response errors are signal changes as a function of frequency. See Chapter 6, “Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy” for more information. calibration. In addition, it effectively removes the isolation errors in I s o l a t i o n transmission measurements.
Page 452 30 seconds; rounds up to next minute with more than Seconds 30 seconds. System Cmfig Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS (Option 1C2, IBASIC, on&) Softkey in IBASIC menu that starts a program. See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS 9-67...
Page 453 Reference display items on your external monitor. Saturation is the amount of pure color (selected with the Rns key) to be mixed with white. Saturation values are expressed as a percentage: 0 to 100 %, with 0 representing no color, and 100 representing no white.
Page 454 Access Keys: SAVE RECALL program to memory or disk. Program See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: SAVE RECALL and recall states and programs; rename, delete, and copy files; and select, configure, and format disks.
Page 455 SYSTEM OPTIONS part or all of a program by start and end lines. Once secured, the deEned lines cilll not be listed, seen, or edited. See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS 9-70...
Page 456 Selo~t . NOTE “Hardcopy Address” applies only to HP-I8 devices; ‘Baud Rate, ” “XonlXoff,” and ‘DTRIOSA” apply only to serial devices. See “Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters” in Chapter 4 for more information.
Page 457 Reference in CSAVE menu. Displays menu to select type of disk or RECALL memory location to save to or recall from: internal non-volatile memory, Disk internal volatile memory, or built-in 3.5” disk. Also allows configuration of internal non-volatile memory (with BASIC Option lC2). See “Saving and Recalling Measurement Results”...
Page 458 Reference NOTE When selecting the month, you will always input a number that corresponds to the month desired. If the clock format is set to “alpha,” however, the displayed month will be a three letter abbreviation (such as Mar for March). System Access Keys: Set Clock...
Page 459 Reference set Year Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS Show Clock the title area when Title+Clk ON off is on. the title area when Title*Clk 01 off is on. Clock Access Keys: (EiFFFj Morn DftFpZay Title =d (Option ICZ, IBASIC, on&) Softkey in the configure VOL-RAM disk menu. Show Displays a message box that shows the total memory available and the current memory allocation for the internal non-volatile RAM disk.
Page 460 measured impedance with Smith chart markers and conversion parameters. Characteristic impedance must be set correctly before calibrating for a Smith chart measurement. Acceptable values are 1 Q to 1000 Q Access Keys: (CAL] Mar% Cal description of softkey sequencing and softkeys to enable or disable the auto-step function.
Page 461 Reference Spur Avoid switches between the default and an alternate configuration during a sweep to avoid spurs. N O T E Sweeptime usually increases when this option is selected. See “Reducing Trace Noise” in Chapter 5 for more information. The measurement calibration must be performed with the same spur avoid C A U T I O N option used in the measurement or your results may be invalid.
Page 462 (Option ICZ, IBASIC, on&) Softkey in IBASIC menu. When a program is ready to run, this softkey steps through the program one line at a time. Good de-bugging tool. See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS...
Page 463 Reference frequency is 1.3 GHz for HP 8712C and 3.0 GHz for HP 8714C. measurement. Pcr=#~ SwoeesP in @iYLFF] menu must be selected before setting the start and stop power points. See Pox~er Sweep entry in this chapter for more information on the power sweep function.
Page 464 Reference days (259.2 ks); overrides auto sweep time. Fastest possible sweeptime varies, and depends on other analyzer settings. See Chapter 5, “Optimizing Measurements” for more information on sweep time. possible (automatic) or at the sweep time of your choice (manual). See Chapter 5, “Optimizing Measurements”...
Page 465 Displays menu to adjust clock setting, set SYSTEM OPTIONS beeper volume, adjust CRT settings, and configure the rear panel USER TTL the HP instrument bus. Required mode for interfacing with HP-IR peripherals peripherals. This operation mode is not selectable with another active controller on the bus.
Page 466 The computer can designate the network analyzer as talker or listener. The network analyzer cannot talk directly with other peripherals in this mode unless the computer establishes a data path for ) HP-fB Access Keys: OPTIONS search left, or search right.
Page 467 Reference See the service Guide for information on tests and adjustments. on the display and/or on a hardcopy output. Access Keys: @ZTiF) WW% Oiirpray Title and Glock or CHARD] and display clock. Clock Access Keys: c-1 More Display space) in mm. Minimum setting is 0.00 mm (default); maximum setting is Access Keys: Printer Printer...
Page 468 Reference trace 2 on hardcopy. Different pen numbers can represent different color or width pens. See “Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters” in Chapter 4 for more information. Access Keys: Define Plotter Set Pan Nux&ors HARD or Graph On1y is selected. measurement trace is resealed with each sweep so that the frequency set Frequency with the Set Track Frequervzp key is placed on the reference line.
Page 469 extended measurement reference plane on the TRANSMISSION RF IN port. See “Reference Plane and Port Extensions” in Chapter 5 for more information. Access Keys: m More rCal Selects ratioed forward transmission type of measurement. See “Measuring Transmission Response” in Chapter 3 for more information. uncertainties that can be viewed after performing a cal check.
Page 470 See “Measurement Setup and Control with Fast Recall” in Chapter 7 for more information. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS (Option lC2, BASIC, on&) Softkey in IBASIC menu. Enables user to clear Utilities program, set memory size, or secure programs. See the HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook for more information. Access Keys: OPTIONS 9-85...
Page 471 Reference Velocity to calculate equivalent electrical length. Values entered should be less than 1, however the analyzer accepts values from 0.01 to 1.2. Access Keys: [CAL) MOZ’B Cal external monitors. Also affects network analyzer’s internal CRT. Default Back Porch setting is 31.84 psec. This setting is not affected by an instrument preset. See “Using an External VGA Monitor”...
Page 472 Reference key will allow you to display the corrected measurement uncertainties that Cal Check apply to the current instrument settings and calibrations. See Chapter 6 for more information on using cal check. Access Keys: a Cal Check the place where information will be saved to or recalled from. RAM Disk Any information stored on the volatile RAM disk will be lost if the analyzer’s C A U T I O N...
Page 473 Reference available. Medium wide bandwidth is the system default. See Chapter 5, “Optimizing Measurements,” for information on how system bandwidth can affect your measurements. Access Keys: (AVG) Syst;sm kndwidth 9-88...
Page 474 Reference measurement with an external detector connected to the EXT DET X-INPUT on the rear panel. external detectors at inputs X and Y. Access Keys: (i?Mij OT (jZ5G-F) Detsctian apt boas devices. Toggles with IITWDSR . Access Keys: [HARD) Select Copy Port 9 - 8 9...
Page 475 measurement with an external detector connected to the EXT DET Y-INPUT on the rear panel. N O T E Graticule values are limited to four characters including *.” and “-“. If any graticule value exceeds four characters, all values are blanked. For example, 23.45 blanks the values; it is not truncated as 23.4 or rounded up as 23.5.
Page 476 Reference external detectors at inputs Y and R*. external detectors at inputs Y and X. Access Keys: (jj] OT (MEAS) IWection Options Broadband Ext;errral time as Year-Month-Day HourMinute. Access Keys: System Conf ig Sat Clock SYSTEM OPTIONS YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM 9-91...
Page 477 Characteristics...
Page 478: Specifications And Characteristics
(which includes a built-in transmission/reflection test set) and the following: A calibration kit - either HP 850323 (50 fl) or HP 850363 (75 Q) A test port cable - either HP part number 8120-6469 (50 Q) or HP part number 8120-6468 (75 0) Specifications describe the instrument’s warranted performance over...
Page 479: Measurement Port Specifications
(for transmission measurements) or one port calibration (for reflection measurements) has been performed and with an environmental temperature of 25 f5 OC, with less than 1 “C deviation from the calibration temperature. Measurement Port Specifications HP 8714C HP 8712C Parameter Directivity Source Match load Match...
Page 480: Instrument Specifications And Characteristics
Supplemental characteristics (indicated by italics) are typical, but nonwarranted parameters, intended to provide information useful in applying the instrument. Frequency Range H P 8712C 300 kHz to 1300 MHz H P B714C 300 kHz to 3000 MHz Resolution 1 H z...
Page 481 Instrument Specifications and Characteristics Output Power 0 . 0 1 dB Level Accuracy’ All power characteristics for HP 8714C analyzers with Option 1EC 175 ohm ports1 are typical above 2000 MHz. 2 75 ohm tesf ports 3 Attenuator option Maximum Specified Test Port Power Frequency HP 87121: (Std)’...
Page 482 For example, if you have an HP 8714C with Options 1EC and 1DB installed, you would subtract a total of 7 dB from the standard values found in the tables to get a hnal correct maximum output of 3 dB for your analyzer, and - 12 dB for the minimum output power.
Page 483 Specifications and Characteristics Instrument Specifications and Characteristics S i g n a l P u r i t y HP 8714C HP 8712C Parameter < - 3 0 dBc < -20 dt?c < -30 < - 3 0 dBc at 10 kHz offset...
Page 484: Receiver Specifications
1 0 to 1300 M H z 1 0 to 3000 M H z Dynamic Range HP 8714C (76 ohm) Frequency HP 8712C (60 ohm) HP g712C (76 ohm) HP g714C (60 ohm) Narrowband Broadband 3 +I0 to - 9 0 dBm...
Page 485 Specifications and Characteristics Instrument Specifications and Characteristics Noise’ Trace Bandwidth HP 8712C HP g714C medium narrowband 0 dBm, excluding frequency response, transmission measurement. Damage Level: Receiver Dynamic Dynamic Accuracy (narrowband) at 30 MHz Accuracy (narrowband) Reference Power Level: -20 dBm...
Page 486 2 . 0 - - 2 0 - 3 0 - 4 0 - 4 5 - 5 0 Input Power (dBm) Figure 1 O-2. Absolute Power Accuracy (broadband) Typical Frequency Response (broadband) HP 8714C HP 8712C Total Power Accuracy 10-10...
Page 487: Typical Measurement Uncertainty
Specifications and Characteristics Instrument Specifications and Characteristics The following graphs show typical measurement uncertainty. The assumptions made to generate these curves were: For transmission uncertainty, the DUT is assumed to be well-matched. For reflection uncertainty, the DUT is assumed to be a one port device. (In other words, load match errors produced when measuring transmission are not taken into account.) For transmission measurements, an enhanced response calibration was...
Page 488 Specifications and Characteristics Instrument Specifications and Characteristics HP 87 12C Uncertainty Curves Test Pert power = -20 dBm Test Part Power = 0 dBm . 1 8 - 3 0 - 5 0 - 7 0 Test Part Power = -20 dBm...
Page 489 Specifications and Characteristics Instrument Specifications and Characteristics HP 8714C Uncertainty Curves Teat Part Power = 0 dBm Test Part Pewer = -20 dBm - 7 0 - 1 0 - 3 0 - 5 0 Teat Part Power = 0 dBm...
Page 490: Delay Specifications
Specifications and Characteristics Instrument Specifications and Characteristics AM Delay (Options 1 DA Aperture: 55.56 kHz and 1DBI Resolution: 1 nskhvision Accuracy: f4 ns (specihed at 0 dBm, 16 averages, well-matched device, calibrated) Delay Range: 30 psec (9000 m) Amplitude Range: -10 to + 13 dBm Typical AM Delay Dynamic Accuracy (calibrated at + 10 dBm) Power Delay...
Page 491 Specifications and Characteristics Instrument Specifications and Characteristics I I I lllll I Illllll I 1111111 Aperture -...
Page 492: Display Characteristics
Specifications and Characteristics Instrument Specifications and Characteristics Amplitude Display Resolution 0 . 0 1 dB/division R a n g e : f500 dB Resolution: 0.01 dB Phase Display Resolution Marker Resolution R a n g e : f360’ Resolution: 0.1’ polar Scale Range...
Page 493: General Characteristics
General Characteristics RF Connectors Connector Type: Type-N female Nominal Impedance: 50 fl (standard), 75 fl (Option 1EC) Probe Power -12.6 V, 150 n-4 External Reference Frequency: 10 MHz Level: > -5 dBm Impedance: 50 D Auxiliary Input Calibrated range: f10 V Accuracy: f(3% of reading + 20 mV) Damage Level: >15 Vdc External Trigger...
Page 494 See Table 8-2 for more information. Vertical rate: 59.82 Hz Horizontal rate: 31.41 kHz (31.84 ps) Pixel rate: 25 MHz HP-IB This connector allows communication with compatible devices including external controllers, printers, plotters, disk drives, and power meters. Parallel Port This 25-pin female connector is used with parallel (or Centronics interface) peripherals such as printers and plotters.
Page 495: Environmental Characteristics
Class B Standards. ESD (electrostatic discharge): must be eliminated by use of static-safe work procedures and an anti-static bench mat (such as HP 921751’). Dust: The flexible rubber keypad protects key contacts from dust, but the environment should be as dust-free as possible.
Page 496 Specifications and Characteristics General Characteristics Physical Dimensions 1 0 - 2 0...
Page 497: Warranty
HP service travel areas. Outside HP service travel areas, warranty service will be performed Buyer’s facility only upon HP’s prior agreement, and Buyer shah pay HP’s round-trip travel expenses. In all other areas, products must be returned to a service facility designated by HI? If the product is to be returned to Hewlett-Packard for service or repair, it must be returned to a service facility designated by Hewlett-Packard.
Page 498: Limitation Of Warranty
Specifications and Characteristics Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modihcation or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.
Page 499: Hewlett-Packard Sales And Service Offices
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices If you should need technical assistance, contact the nearest Hewlett-Packard sales or service office. See lhble 10-l on the next page.
Page 500 Specifications and Characteristics Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices Table 1 O-1. Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices US FIELD OPERATIONS US TMD Call Center California, Northern California. Southern Colorado Hewlett-Packard Co. Hewlett-Packard Co. Hewlett-Packard Co. Hewlett-Packard Co. 9780 So. Meridian Blvd. 301 E.
Page 501 Safety and Regulatory Information...
Page 502 Safety and Regulatory Information This chapter contains required safety and regulatory information that is not included elsewhere in the manual. 11-2...
Page 503 Safety Information Much of the required safety information is distributed throughout this manual in appropriate places. This section contains all required safety information that is not included elsewhere in this manual. Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not Warning Definition correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life.
Page 504: Safety And Regulatory Information Safety Information
Safety and Regulatory Information Safety Information Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not Caution Definition correctly performed or adhered to, would result in damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
Page 505: Shipping Instructions
Safety and Regulatory Information Safety Information Always transport or ship the instrument using the original packaging or comparable. The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual.
Page 506: Regulatory Information
Regulatory Information am Arbeitsplatz (operator position) 11-6...
Page 507 Santa Rosa, CA that the product RF Network Analyzer Product Name: Model Number: HP 8711C. HP 8712C, HP 8713C, HP 8714C This declaration covers all options of the Product Options: above products. Safety: IEC IOIO-l:lQQO+Al I EMC: CISPR ll:lQQO/EN 55Oll:lQQl Group 1, Class A...
Page 508: Preset State And Memory Allocation
Allocation...
Page 509: Preset And Peripheral States
Preset State and Memory Allocation When the network analyzer is preset with the (iK$F] hardkey or SCPI command “SYST: PRESET”, it sets itself to the pre-defined conditions shown below. N O T E The HP-16 command not the same as None 12-2...
Page 510 Stop frequency* 1299.700 MHz Band pass max span1*3 2999.700 MHz Band pass max span2v3 Frequency resolution Frequency Sweep type Alternate sweep A u t o Ifastest possible1 Sweep time 1 HP 8712C 2 HP 8714C 3 Analyzers with Option 100 only...
Page 511 Preset State and Memory Allocation SOURCE Key Settings (continued) preset power level1 Power level RF power 0 . 0 dBm Power sweep start power 1 . 0 dBm Power sweep stop power Internal Trigger source Continuous Trigger mode Number of points 0 .
Page 512 Preset State and Memory Allocation CONFIGURE Key Settings (continued) Full/split display Graticule Measurement channel annotation Frequency annotation Marker annotation Marker numbers V-axis label state Absolute Title + Clock Clock on line 2 Clock title line Blank Title line 1 Blank Title line 2 Limit lines Limit pass/fail text...
Page 513 Preset State and Memory Allocation CONFIGURE Key Settings (continued) CAL] last active cal if valid; otherwise, default cal Active calibration Detector zero Type-N female Cal kit 5 0 ohms’ System Zo 1 . 0 (speed o f light) Velocity factor* 5 0 ohms’...
Page 514 Preset State and Memory Allocation CONFIGURE Key Settings (continued) Averaging Average factor Medium Wide System bandwidth Medium 0 . 5 % lminimuml Delay Aperture 1 Analyzers with Option 100 only SYSTEM Key Settings Instrument state - On Define save C a l - O f f D a t a - O f f See “Peripheral State”...
Page 515: Peripheral State
Preset State and Memory Allocation When you preset the analyzer with the t-1 hardkey or the SCPI command “SYST:PRESET”, or cycle power, the settings below are saved in non-volatile memory and thus are not affected. The analyzer is shipped from the factory with the settings in the following table.
Page 516 Preset State and Memory Allocation SAVE tutus 123 Format Save ASCII format Non-Vol RAM disk Select Disk 2 0 % Volatile RAM disk percent’ A S C I I Fast recall 1 Option lC2 only 12-9...
Page 517 Preset State and Memory Allocation Analyzer HP-18 Address System Controller/Talker Listener Talker listener Power Mater HP-IB Address’ System Controller Address2 User llL Config C l o c k YYYY-MM-DO HH:MM:SS Format Numeric/Alpha Numeric Seconds Talker/Listener Status SRE Register ESE Register...
Page 518 Preset State and Memory Allocation [HARDCOPY) Kay Settings HP printer Hardcopy Device Printer Language parallel Hardcopy Port Printer/Plotter HP-IB Address 19200 Baud Rate Handshake Graph and Marker Table Trace Data Graticule Annotarion Marker Symbol Title + Clock Monochrome Mono/Color Portrait...
Page 519 Preset State and Memory Allocation Monochrome Mono/Color Portrait Orientation Auto Feed Resolution 96 dpi Top Margin Print Width 1 5 0 m m 15.9 inl lefine Plotter: Monochrome Mono/Color Auto Feed Pen Numbers: Monochrome Pen 1 Trace 1 Pen 1 Trace 2 Pen 2 Memory 1...
Page 520: Volatile Settings
These settings survive when the @ZZ?) key is pressed, but when the analyzer’s power is cycled. Examples of volatile settings are: always returns to “HP 8711C Compatible” format after a power cycle. always returns to 0.0.0.0 after a power cycle.
Page 521: Save/Recall Memory Allocation
Save/Recall Memory Allocation Before reading this section, please refer to “Saving and Recalling Measurement Results, ’ in Chapter 4 for an overview of the Save/Recall functions. This section provides details on the size of Save/Recall instrument state files. Since disks have limited storage capacities, it is often important to know how many instrument state flies will fit on a disk, and how to reduce the size of each file in order to maximize storage.
Page 522 Preset State and Memory Allocation Save/Recall Memory Allocation In addition, each directory can only hold a limited number of iYes or directories. The table below shows these limits: Table 12-2. Maximum Number of Files and Directories Root Directery Any Subdirectory Non-volatile RAM Disk 1 2 8 Volatile RAM Disk...
Page 523: Types Of Storable Information
Preset State and Memory Allocation Save/Recall Memory Allocation instrument states can contain the instrument state, calibration data, and trace data. Inst State (Instrument state.) Data sufficient to set up the network analyzer. The amount of memory used is independent of the number of measurement points unless memory trace functions are used.
Page 524: How To Determine The Size Of Disk Files
Preset State and Memory Allocation Save/Recall Memory Allocation This section explains how to calculate the size of the flies that you save to disk when using SAVE RECALL As mentioned earlier, there are three types of information that can be saved: Data Save , Each of these can be enabled or disabled using...
Page 525 246 + 3 x 6 x CalDts Sizes are subject to change with future firmware revisions. 2 If the file format chosen is “HP 8711pIB Compatible,” the file header size is 788. 3 Npts - number of measurement points Memory traces are saved with the instrument state for each active channel whose display is set to or Data ;uLd Memrq in the...
Page 526: Memory Usage Notes
Preset State and Memory Allocation Following are some examples: Size = 0 + 140 + 9580 = 9720 Using 201 points, with Data/Mem on channel 1, channel 2 off: Size = 0 + 140 + 9580 + (6 x 201) = 10,926 Using 201 points, with Data/hIem on channel 1, channel 2 off, and saving both the instrument state and data: Size = 0 + 140 + 9580 + (6 x 201) + 178 + (6 x 201) = 12,310...
Page 527 Index...
Page 528 Index Special characters , 4-33, 4-46 10 MHz reference, 8-5, lo-17 1: through 8: , 9-3 3 . 5 m,Q-3 75 a ,9-3 Abort Cal Che& ,Q-5 absolute output power measuring, 3-30 absolute power, 3-33 absolute power accuracy specifications, IO-10 ac line power, lo-18 activating spur avoidance, 5-15 active measurement channel, 2-10...
Page 529 HP-IB, 1-15 “A” detector, 3-4 allocations memory:changing, 4-68 A l l Off,9-6 Alpha , 9-6 altitude conditions, lo-19 AM delay theory, 3-42 when to use amplification, 3-9 when to use attenuation, 3-9 AH Delay, 9-6 AM delay calibration, 6-16...
Page 530 auxiliary input, 3-48, 8-5, lo-17 AUX INPUT connector, 3-48, 8-5, lo-17 Average on OFF, 9-9 averaging, 5- 13 averaging changing, 5- 12 averaging, how it works, 5-12 bandwidth system, 5-11 bandwidth change, 5- 14 bandwidth changing, 5-11 barcode reader, 7-29 basic functions front panel, 2-3 battery, 12-14...
Page 531 example, 3-30 button box. 7-35 programming language, 7- 16 c + + programming language, 7-16 cabinet dimensions, lo-19 cabinet installation, l-17 Cable, 9-13 cables interface. 4-80 cal check directivity, 9-22 isolation, 9-39 load match, 9-44 reflection tracking, 9-65 source match, 9-75 transmission tracking, 9-84 Cal Check, 9-13 calibration...
Page 532 downloading, 6- 18 Cal nx OFF, 9-13 caution receiver input damage level, 5- 10 caution definition, 11-4 CE mark definition, 11-5 Center, 2-7, 9-14 Centronics interface, lo-18 change directories, 4-76 changing directories, 4-76 channel selecting, Z-10 viewing, 2-12 characteristics check operator’s or confidence, 2-13-19 checking the shipment, 1-3 cleaning instructions, 11-4...
Page 533 11 connector care, l-18 connectors, 8-3 coaxial, 8-4-6 damage levels, 8-4-6 front panel, 8-3 HP-IB, 8-7 impedances, 8-4-6 multi-pin, S-7-12 rear panel, 8-3 connectors on rear panel, lo-17 connector specs, l-18 contents of shipment, 1-3 Continue, 9-16...
Page 534 Data, 9-19 Data smd Memory, Data QR OFF, data storage, 12-14 date, 4-66 format. 9-15 declaration of conformity, 11-6 , 9-19 default conditions presetting the analyzer, 2-6 Define FCLt5 ,9-20 defining a printing device, 4-85 delay AM, 3-42 electrical:effect on measureme group, 3-49 group specifications, lo-14 phase-derived, 3-49...
Page 535 delta frequency limit test, 4-43 delta markers, 4-27 delta markers, 4-27 description of instrument, iii detection broadband, 3-6 narrowband, 3-6 detection modes, 3-4, 3-6 detector “A”, 3-4 detector “B”, 3-4 detector B*, 3-6 detector connectors, 1-11 detector “R”, 3-4 detector R*, 3-6 detectors internal, 3-4 detector zeroing, 6-15...
Page 536 display resolution specifications, lo-16 dithering, 5- 15 DOS formatted disks, 4-77 downloading cal tit standards, 6-18 DRAW graphics keyword, 7-21 drift compensation, detectors, 6-15 dual channel measurements, Z-12 dynamic range change measurement averaging, 5- 12 changing system bandwidth, 5- 11 factors, 5-10 increase receiver input power, 5- 10 increasing, 5-10...
Page 537 environmental requirements, 1-4 error unrecoverable, 9-60 errors frequency response, 6-4 isolation, 6-4 measurement, 6-3 mismatch, 6-4 systematic, 6-3 error term directivity, 9-22 isolation, 9-39 load match, 9-44 reflection tracking, 9-65 source match, 9-75 transmission tracking, 9.84 ESD precautions, 1-8, lo-19 expanded display, 4-62 extensions ”...
Page 538 file format, 4-69 12-13 flle renaming, 4-72 File Type filter multi-pole, 4-17 line bandwidth, 5- 1 I flat Emit lines, 4-33 flatness, marker limit test, 4 floppy disk, 4-67 floppy disk formatting, 4-77 foot switch, 7-35 9-29 format a floppy disk, 4’ 9-29 format, file, 4-69 format markers...
Page 539 front panel features, 8-2-24 front panel knob, 8-16 front panel tour, 2-3 Full , 9-30 fuse line, 1-4, 8-23 part number, 8-23 9-31 graphics, 7-21 Graphics Pen, 9-31 Graph Only , 9-31 graticule, 4-55 group delay, 3-49 10-14 faster, 7-77 , 4-82 harmonics specifications, 10-6...
Page 540 4-30 use Smith chart markers, 4-30 HP WffiiA/B Coqmtible, 9-34 HP #-x&C haaress ,9-35 HP BASIC programming language, 7-15 HP-IB addresses, 1-15 HP-IB address plotter, 1-15 printer, 1-15 HP-IB cable length, 1-13 HP-IB cables, 4-80 HP-IB connector, 8-7, lo-18...
Page 541 4-65, 7-46 instrument state settings to save, 4-65 9-38 intensity control, 8-19 interface cables, 4-80 parallel, lo-18 Interface capabilities HP-IB, 8-8 internal detectors, 3-4 Internal disk, 4-68 Internal drive MS-DOS formatting, 4-77 introduction front panel, 2-3 to Ping, 12-13 Index- 15...
Page 542 isolation calibration, 9-66 isolation errors, 6-4 iterative control, 7-50 external, 7-30 keyboard connector, l-11, 4-97, 8-12 keyboard (DIN), lo- 18 keyboard, external hot keys, 7-32 keyboards to connect, 4-97 keyboard template, 7-32 Key Record m OFF,9-40 keystroke recording, 7-27 kits calibration, 3-25 knob, 8- 16 Landscape,...
Page 543 Limit L&B!! oa OFF, 9-42 limit lines, 4-55 stimulus and amplitude values, 4-47 limit lines testing, 4-31 limit. marker. 4-38 limit testing, 7-37 creating flat limit lines, 4-33 creating single point limits, 4-37 deleting limit segments, 4-45 Limit Test on OFF, 9-43 used as general munose I/O.
Page 544 Lug Hag, 9-44 loss conversion, 3-35 insertion, 3-22 Lotus 123, 4-70 Lower, 9-45 Luminance ( 9-45 macro recording, 7-27 magnitude, impedance, 3-62 maintenance, preventive, l-18 make and change directories, 4-75 Hake Di.mxtoq (g-46 9-46 marker flatness search, 4-23 marker limit, 4-38 marker limit test delta amplitude, 4-42 delta frequency, 4-43...
Page 545 markers and reference tracking, 4-50 markers and sweep time, 5-7 marker search, 4-8 tracking function, 4-8 marker search and sweep time, 5-7 marker search, RF filter, 4-25 marker statistics, 4-21 marker tracking and sweep time, 5-7 match, load, 10-3 match, source, 10-3 math, marker, 4-21 mean, 4-21 using limit lines, 4-31...
Page 546 measurement theory, 3-3 measurement uncertainty, lo- 11 isolation, 9-39 load match, 9-44 reflection tracking, 9-66 source match, 9-75 transmission tracking, 9-84 measuring absolute output power, 3-30 measuring devices. 3-3 medium bandwidth, 5- 11 memory, 7-46 memory allocations changing, 4-68 memory or disk recall, 4-7 1 message string, 7-20 9-50 mismatch errors, 6-4...
Page 547 monitor adjustments, 4-104 monitor, external, 4-102 monitor synchronization, 4-104 MOVE graphics keyword, 7-21 MS-DOS formatting, 4-77 multi-notch marker search, 4-17 multi-peak marker search, 4- 17 multi-pin connectors, 8-7-12 narrowband detection mode, 3-6 narrowband power measurement, 3-30 narrow bandwidth, 5-11 networking, 7- 12 noise trace:activate averaging, 5-13 trace:change system bandwidth, 5-14...
Page 548 one port calibration, 6-13 example, 3-26 on-screen diagrams, 7-21 operating conditions, lo- 19 operational check, 2-13-19 operator’s check, 2-1319 optimizing measurements, 5-2 output video, lo- 18 output power, iii absolute, 3-30 output power specifications, 10-5 page layout, customizing, 7-77 page protection, 4-86 panel front and rear, 8-2-24 parallel port, l-11, 4-82, 4-84, 7-54-59, lo-18...
Page 549 4-30 pollution degree rating, 1-5 HP-IB, l-11 LAN, 4-82 parallel, l-11, 4-82, 4-84, 7-54-59 serial, l-l 1, 4-82, 4-84 port configuration for hardcopy, 4-82 port extensions, 5-19 position reference, 2-9 position, reference, 4-51 power absolute, 3-30, 3-33, lo-10...
Page 550 print overrun error, 4-86 9-61 print times, 4-96 9-61 probe power, 8-12, lo-17 procedure creating flat limit lines, 4-33 creating single point limits, 4-37 deleting limiting segments, 4-45 increasing dynamic range, 5- 10 increasing sweep speed, 5-3 set sweep to auto mode, 5-4 test with limit lines, 4-31 turn off alternate sweep, 5-7 using delta (A) markers, 4-27...
Page 551 receiver damage level, 10-9 receiver dynamic range, 10-8 receiver input damage level, 5- 10 receiver input power increase, 5- 10 receiver inputs, 3-4 receiver noise dithering, 5- 14 spur avoidance, 5- 15 receiver noise floor reduction, 5- 11 receiver specifications, 10-8 recording keystroke, 7-27 redefining softkeys...
Page 552 1-4 Response, 9-66 response and isolation calibration, 6-12 response calibration, 6-11, 9-66 response errors, frequency, 6-4 restrictions HP-IB, 8-8 return loss, 3-29 RF connectors, 8- 13 RF Piltex Stats,4-25,9-67 RF power out setting, 2-8 ripple, marker limit test, 4-40...
Page 553 Service Utilities, 9-72 Set Day,9-72 set Houx , 9-72 Set Binute, 9-72 Set Hoath,9-73 Set Pen &mbexs,9-73 setting HP-IB addresses, 1-15 setting the line voltage, 1-4 setting up the analyzer, l-10 Set Track Fxequexcy,4-52, 9-73 Set Teax,9-74 shipment contents, 1-3...
Page 554 signal purity specifications, 10-7 Single, 9-74 single point limits, 4-37 Smith chart markers, 4-30 with User (ml, 7-22 source harmonics, 10-6 source match. 10-3 source power entering, 2-8 source resolution, iii source specifications, 10-4 Space, 9-75 Span , 2-7, 9-75 specifications, 10-2-20 receiver, 1 O-8 source, 10-4...
Page 555 statistics, marker, 4-21 statistics, peak-to-peak, 4-40 step ,9-77 Stop, 2-7, 9-78 stop cal check, 9-5 stop printer, 9-4 storage conditions, lo-19 Store GG To Di.&,9-78 Stare C1: To EPKOM,9-78 storing measurement results, 4-65 string message, 7-20 strings learn, 7-48 Sweep Out , 9-78 sweep speed increase start frequency, 5-3 increasing , 5-3...
Page 556 System Bandwidth,9-79 system bandwidth change, 5-14 system bandwidth, how it works, 5- 11 System Cunfig,9-80 system impedance, 3-10 system lock-up how to recover, 9-60 ), 9-80 TIONS system performance, 10-2 system specifications, 10-2 System ZO,9-80 Target Wlue, 4-12, 9-81 techniques optimizing measurements, 5-2 temperature conditions, lo-19 template...
Page 557 change system bandwidth, 5-14 factors, 5-13 reduction, 5- 13 tracking, 4-8 marker, 5-7 track peak point, 4-51 transmission formula, 3-22 transmission calibration, 6- 11 transmission measurement calibration, 3-19 transmission measurements, 3- 18-23 transporting instructions, 11-5 trigger external, 8-5 external input, lo- 17 TTL signals, 7-35 type-F connectors, 6-17 measurement, lo- 11...
Page 558 programming language, 7-16 Velocity Factox ,9-86 Vertical Back Vertical Fxmt For&, 9-86 vertical scale, how to set, 9-8 VGA monitor, 4-102, 8-11 VIDEO OUT COLOR VGA connector, 8- 11 VIDEO OUT connector, l-11, lo-18 view a single measurement channel, 5-6 View Cal Check, 9-87 volatile RAM disk, 7-46 Volatile RAM Disk,9-87...
Page 559 Y/X, 9-91 zeroing detectors, 6-15...

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