176
Driving and the Environment
Explanation of technical terms
Fig. 159 Embankment angle/slope angle
Fig. 160 Ground clearance/ramp angle
The technical data page 235, "Angle (in degree)" refer to ideal conditions. These
values may differ depending on the load and composition of the soil and the envi-
ronment. The driver is responsible to decide whether a vehicle can overcome a
certain situation.
Embankment angle (front and rear)
Transition from the horizontal plane to an upward slope or from a downward slope
back to the plane. The angle indication determines the angle at which you can drive
the vehicle down the embankment, at a slow speed, without the bumper or the
underbody of the vehicle touching the ground.
A
Slope angle
B
The difference of altitude (upward slope) which is overcome on a stretch of road of
100 m, is indicated in percentage or degrees, i.e the gradiant at which the vehicle
can climb a hill on its own (among other things, depending on the road surface and
the engine power).
A
A
A
Ground clearance
C
The distance between the road surface and the deepest point of the vehicle under-
body.
Ramp angle
A
D
The angle indication determines the angle at which you can drive the vehicle over a
ramp, at a slow speed, without the underbody of the vehicle touching the ramp
edge.
WARNING
When exceeding the maximum value given in the table page 235, "Angle (in
degree)", this can result in serious injuries and/or vehicle damage. All of the data
was determined on flat, firm and non-slip road surfaces as well as under dry
weather conditions. There are no ideal off-road conditions. Therefore, never
completely go according to the maximum values, but always leave a safety
margin.
Useful utensils
Many items can be very useful when driving off-road, for example:
compass and maps,
torch and spare batteries,
mobile phone or CB radio,
tow bar or tow rope with sufficient tear strength,
electrically driven tyre pump for connecting to the 12-volt power outlet of the
vehicle,
a blanket and rubber boots,
snow chains,
a timber plank which is approximately 4 cm thick and about 1 metre long can be
used as a traction aid when the vehicle is stuck or as a base for the lifting jack,
additional tools and a folding yardstick or a measuring tape,
spare wheel and tyre repair kit,
shovel.