Leica TS11 User Manual page 203

Reduction to mean
sea level ΔD
2
Projection distor-
tion ΔD
3
TS11/TS15, Technical Data
The values for ΔD
are always negative and are derived from the following formula:
2
H
6
ΔD = -
· 10
2
R
TS_106
The magnitude of the projection distortion is in accordance with the projection
system used in a particular country, for which official tables are generally available.
The following formula is valid for cylindrical projections such as that of Gauss-Krüger:
2
X
6
ΔD =
· 10
3
2
2R
TS_107
In countries where the scale factor is not unity, this formula cannot be directly
applied.
ΔD
Reduction to mean sea level [ppm]
2
H Height of EDM above sea level [m]
R 6.378 * 106 m
ΔD
Projection distortion [ppm]
3
X Easting, distance from projection zero line with
the scale factor 1 [km]
R 6.378 * 106 m
203