Reliance electric GV3000/SE Installation Manual

30 - 100 hp, 230v ac
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Hardware Reference, Installation, and Troubleshooting Manual D2-3417-2
GV3000/SE AC Drive
30 - 100 HP, 230V AC
Version 6.04

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Summary of Contents for Reliance electric GV3000/SE

  • Page 1 Hardware Reference, Installation, and Troubleshooting Manual D2-3417-2 GV3000/SE AC Drive 30 - 100 HP, 230V AC Version 6.04...
  • Page 2 Important User Information Solid-state equipment has operational characteristics differing from those of electromechanical equipment. Safety Guidelines for the Application, Installation and Maintenance of Solid State Controls (publication SGI-1.1 available from your local Rockwell Automation sales office or online at http://www.rockwellautomation.com/literature/) describes some important differences between solid-state equipment and hard-wired electromechanical devices.
  • Page 3 Document Update Document Update Electronic Motor Overload This product does not offer speed-sensitive overload protection, thermal memory Protection retention or provisions to act upon motor over-temperature sensing in motors. If such protection is needed in the end-use product, it needs to be provided by additional means.
  • Page 4 Document Update Notes:...
  • Page 5 Summary of Changes The information below summarizes the changes made to this manual since its last release (August 1999). Description of Changes Page Added Document Update. After manual front cover Deleted the following statement: ‘The Motor Overload Enable parameter (P.040) can be used in place of the electronic thermal overload relays in single motor applications’.
  • Page 6 soc-ii Summary of Changes Notes:...
  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Chapter 2 About the Drive Identify the Drive by Model Number ............Enclosures ....................30-100 HP GV3000/SE Drive Components and Locations ...... Regulator Board Description ..............2.4.1 Jumper Locations and Settings ........... 2.4.1.1 Analog Input Speed Reference Jumper ......2.4.1.2 Analog Output Jumper ............
  • Page 8 Verifying That DC Bus Capacitors are Discharged ........Checking Out the Power Module with Input Power Off ......Replacement Parts ................... Appendix A Technical Specifications ..................A-1 Appendix B 30-100 HP GV3000/SE System Wiring Diagram ..........B-1 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 9 List of Figures Figure 2.1 – Identifying the Drive Model Number ..........Figure 2.2 – 30 to 50 HP Drive Components and Locations ......Figure 2.3 – 60 to 100 HP Drive Components and Locations ......Figure 2.4 – Regulator Board Components and Locations ......Figure 2.5 –...
  • Page 10 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 11 Table 7.8 – Wiring Signal and Control I/O to the Terminal Strip ..... Table 9.1 – Resistance Checks ............... Table 9.2 – Replacement Parts for the GV3000/SE Drives ......Table A.1 – Service Conditions ................ Table A.2 – Environmental Condition ..............
  • Page 12 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 13: Finding Information

    This instruction manual describes the GV3000/SE drive's Power Module and regulator hardware. It does not cover the GV3000/SE software. For additional software information, refer to the GV3000/SE 230 VAC General Purpose (V/Hz) and Vector Duty Drive Software Start-Up and Reference Manual (D2-3416-1).
  • Page 14: Assumptions About The Audience

    1.3 Understanding Terms Used in this Manual The following terms are defined according to the way they are used in this manual: • GV3000/SE drives will typically be referenced by horsepower. If additional clarity is required, drive model numbers will also be included. •...
  • Page 15: Chapter 2 About The Drive

    2.1 Identify the Drive by Model Number Each GV3000/SE AC Drive can be identified by its model number. See figure 2.1. This number appears on the shipping label and on the drive's nameplate. The drive's model number includes the Power Module and the regulator.
  • Page 16: Enclosures

    These values are for operation with 4 kHz carrier frequency. For operation with 8 kHz carrier frequency, derating by 20% is required. 2.2 Enclosures This manual describes GV3000/SE chassis style drives. These drives should be installed in cabinets. GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 17: 30-100 Hp Gv3000/Se Drive Components And Locations

    2.3 30-100 HP GV3000/SE Drive Components and Locations The 30-100 HP GV3000/SE drives have the following main components. The identification numbers provided correspond to the number used in figures 2.2 and 2.3. Replacement parts are listed in chapter 9. Fan Assembly...
  • Page 18: Figure 2.3 - 60 To 100 Hp Drive Components And Locations

    Figure 2.3 - 60 to 100 HP Drive Components and Locations GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 19: Regulator Board Description

    2.4 Regulator Board Description GV3000/SE drive regulation is performed by a microprocessor on the Regulator board. See figure 2.4. Drive operation is adjusted by the parameters entered through the keypad. The Regulator board accepts power circuit feedback signals and an external speed reference signal, as well as data from an encoder that is attached to the motor when set up for FVC regulation.
  • Page 20: Figure 2.4 - Regulator Board Components And Locations

    J9 - Keypad/Display Connector J4 - Analog Input Jumper J17 - Analog Output Jumper J5 - Power Module Feedback Cable J7 - OIM (optional) Connector Figure 2.4 - Regulator Board Components and Locations GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 21: Jumper Locations And Settings

    Be sure to verify that parameters P.009, P.010, and P.011 are correct before starting the drive. Refer to the GV3000/SE Software Start-Up and Reference manual for more information. Use the following procedure to set jumper J4: ATTENTION: DC bus capacitors retain hazardous voltages after input power has been disconnected.
  • Page 22: Analog Output Jumper

    Step 5. Locate pin 1 on jumper J17. Move the jumper to the desired setting as shown in figure 2.6. Step 6. Re-attach the cover. Step 7. Re-apply input power. Step 8. Verify that parameter P.012 is set correctly for either speed or torque. GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 23: Wiring The Terminal Strip

    Voltage Output Option Current Output Option Pins 2-3 Pins 1-2 10 VDC 20 mA (default) Figure 2.6 - Jumper J17 Settings for Analog Outputs 2.4.2 Wiring the Terminal Strip The terminal strip on the Regulator board provides terminals for connecting customer I/O devices.
  • Page 24: Option Board Connector

    DeviceNet Option board, the RMI board, or the AutoMax Network Option board, or similar boards to the GV3000/SE drive. See figure 2.4. The option board is mounted below the Regulator board inside the drive. Refer to the appropriate board instruction for more information.
  • Page 25: Keypad/Display

    2.4.6 Keypad/Display The front panel keypad/display is used to program and operate the GV3000/SE drive. See figure 2.8. Refer to the GV3000/SE Software Start-Up and Reference manual for more information. Drive Status LEDs Display Keypad £ ¥ AUTO Forward SPEED...
  • Page 26: Figure 2.9 - Base Board Jumper Locations

    JP1 JP2 JP3 JP4 Figure 2.9 - Base Board Jumper Locations 2-12 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 27: Drive Kit Options

    2.6 Drive Kit Options Table 2.3 provides a listing of the available GV3000/SE kit options. Table 2.3 - Available Kits and Options Instruction Option Kit Model Manual Number Kit Description Snubber Resistor Braking 2SR20450 D2-3305 Motor Encoder Cable 2TC3025 2TC3075...
  • Page 28 2-14 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 29: Chapter 3 Planning Before Installing

    3.1 Requirements for the Installation Site It is important to properly plan before installing a GV3000/SE drive to ensure that the drive's environment and operating conditions are satisfactory. Note that no devices are to be mounted behind the drive.
  • Page 30: Determining Total Area Required Based On Drive Dimensions

    10 mm 30 mm 10 mm 30 mm 51 mm 51 mm 200 mm 200 mm 9 mm 9 mm 100V2060 0.4" 1.2" 0.4" 1.2" 2.0" 2.0" 7.9" 7.9" 0.35" 0.35" GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 31: Figure 3.1 - Drive Dimensions

    d dia. (Mounting Hole) Ventilation Duct (Option) P, N U&W Figure 3.1 - Drive Dimensions Planning Before Installing...
  • Page 32: Verifying The Site Provides For Recommended Air Flow Clearances

    Be sure there is adequate clearance for air ventilation around the drive. For best air movement, do not mount GV3000/SE drives directly above each other. Note that no devices are to be mounted behind the drive. This area must be kept clear of all control and power wiring.
  • Page 33: Verifying Power Module Ac Input Ratings Match Supplied Power

    It is important to verify that plant power will meet the input power requirements of the GV3000/SE drive's Power Module circuitry. Refer to table 2.1 for input power rating specifications. Be sure input power to the drive corresponds to the drive nameplate voltage and frequency.
  • Page 34: Recommended Control And Signal Wire Sizes

    Your application may be restricted to shorter lead length due to: • the type of wire • the placement of wire (for example, in conduit or a cable tray) • the type of line reactor • the type of motor. GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 35: Figure 3.3 - How To Measure Motor Lead Lengths

    These part numbers are for a reactor with a cacitor filter. MTE standard reactors can be used on GV3000/SE drives with carrier frequency settings up to 8 kHZ. All reactors are UL-recognized (UL-506 File #E53094) and CSA certified (CSA File #LR29753).
  • Page 36: Recommended Serial Communication Cable Lengths

    (M/N 2CA3000) and a 0.3 meter (1 foot) D-shell 9-pin to 25-pin adapter cable (M/N 2CA3001). User-constructed cables can be up to 15 meters (50 feet) in length. Note that for communication between a GV3000/SE drive and a personal computer, the Control and Configuration software must also be used. Refer to instruction manual D2-3348 for more information.
  • Page 37: Meeting Encoder Specifications (Fvc Regulation Only)

    3.2.5 Verifying Power Module Output Current Rating is Greater Than Motor Full Load Amps Verify that the GV3000/SE output current rating is greater than the motor's full load current (amps). Table 2.1 lists the output current values. Planning Before Installing...
  • Page 38 3-10 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 39: Chapter 4 Mounting The Drive, Grounding, And Finding Wire Routing Locations

    Note that no wires are to be routed behind the drive. Figure 4.1 shows the locations of the power terminals and the grounding terminals of the GV3000/SE drives. ATTENTION: Do not route signal and control wiring with power wiring in the same conduit.
  • Page 40 (if used), and the transformer. Run each conductor unbroken to earth ground. When adding more than one grounding conductor wire to a single chassis ground, twist the conductors together. Step 4. Reattach the drive's cover. GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 41: Figure 4.1 - Terminal Locations

    P, N U&W FRONT VIEW Terminals: R, S, T: Drive input power terminals U, V, W: Drive output power terminals P (+), N (–): DC bus terminals BOTTOM VIEW GND: Ground terrminal Figure 4.1 - Terminal Locations Mounting the Drive, Grounding, and Finding Wire Routing Locations...
  • Page 42 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 43: Chapter 5 Installing Input Power Wiring

    DC bus voltage. Failure to observe these precautions could result in damage to or destruction of the equipment. The GV3000/SE AC line distribution system capacity is 500 KVA, three-phase with 30,000 amps symmetrical fault current capacity with a line impedance of less than 5%.
  • Page 44: Installing Fuses For Branch Circuit Protection

    The trip rating for the inrush current (10-12 times full load current) should be coordinated with that of the input isolation transformer, if used. Refer to section 5.1 for additional information. GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 45: Figure 5.1 - Typical Ac Input Electrical Connections

    Input Voltage 230 V 183 GND Manual Disconnect Fuse User-Supplied AC Reactor (PE) ‘ – – GV3000/SE ‘ Power Module Motor Overload Relay User-Supplied (Optional if Electronic Overload is Used) Figure 5.1 - Typical AC Input Electrical Connections Installing Input Power Wiring...
  • Page 46 Disconnect DC Fuse User-Supplied (PE) ‘ – – GV3000/SE ‘ Power Module Motor Overload Relay User-Supplied (Optional if Electronic Overload is Used) Figure 5.2 - Typical DC Bus Electrical Connections GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 47: Installing Power Wiring From The Ac Input Line To The Drive's Power Terminals

    Failure to observe this precaution could result in damage to, or destruction of, the equipment. ATTENTION: If the GV3000/SE drive is connected to an external DC bus, the user is responsible for DC bus short-circuit protection. Failure to observe this precaution could result in damage to, or destruction of, the equipment.
  • Page 48 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 49: Chapter 6 Installing Output Power Wiring

    6.1 Installing Output Contactors (Optional) Output contactors provide a positive means of disconnecting the motor from the drive. If the application requires the use of output contactors, contact Reliance Electric for assistance. 6.2 Installing Mechanical Motor Overload Protection...
  • Page 50 Step 2. Connect the three-phase AC output power motor leads to terminals U/T1, V/T2, W/T3. See Figure 4.1 for the locations of the terminals. Step 3. Tighten the three-phase AC output power terminals to 9.8-11.9 Newton-meters (87-104 lb-in) for 30-100 HP drives. GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 51: Table 7.1 - Rs-232 Connections (Terminals 1-3)

    Note that when the Control Source parameter (P.000) is set to remote (rE), the drive will be controlled by the signals connected to the terminal strip. Refer to the GV3000/SE Software Start-Up and Reference manual for more information on how parameter P.000 is used to specify where the drive is controlled from.
  • Page 52: Table 7.3 - Analog Output Connections (Terminals 10 And 11)

    Terminals 17, 18, and 19 (remote control inputs 8, 7, and 6) are programmed using parameters P.007, P.008, and P.031 through P.038. Factory default settings are shown here in parentheses. Refer to the GV3000/SE Software Start-Up and Reference manual for more information.
  • Page 53: Chapter 7 Wiring The Regulator Board Terminal Strip

    Terminal # N.C. Relay Contact N.C. Relay Common N.O. Relay Contact N.O. Relay Common Notes: Relay contact closure is programmable through parameter P.013. Refer to the GV3000/SE Software Start-Up and Reference manual for more information. Wiring the Regulator Board Terminal Strip...
  • Page 54: Figure 7.1 - Two-Wire Start/Stop Sample Control Wiring

    IMPORTANT: A maintained function loss switch should be used if P.054 (Level Sense Start Enable) = ON and P.026 (Function Loss Response) = 1. RESET START/STOP Figure 7.1 - Two-Wire Start/Stop Sample Control Wiring GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 55: Figure 7.2 - Three-Wire Start/Stop Sample Control Wiring

    10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Remote 4-20 mA 5 K ohm Speed/Torque Reference 12 13 14 15 — FUNCTION LOSS IMPORTANT: A maintained function loss switch should be used if P.054 (Level Sense Start Enable) = ON and P.026 (Function Loss Response) = 1.
  • Page 56: Stopping The Drive

    7.2 Wiring the Encoder Feedback Device (FVC Regulation Only) If the GV3000/SE drive is programmed to provide FVC regulation, an encoder must be installed. Drives using V/Hz or SVC regulation do not require the use of an encoder feedback device. The encoder connects to terminals 4 to 9 of the regulator's terminal strip: •...
  • Page 57 U.001: Encoder PPR • U.002: Motor Poles • U.003: Motor Nameplate Base Frequency • U.005: Motor Nameplate RPM • U.017: Motor Top Speed Refer to the GV3000/SE Software Start-Up and Reference manual for more information. Wiring the Regulator Board Terminal Strip...
  • Page 58: Figure 7.3 - Encoder Wiring Connections

    Terminal 4 WHITE/RED Terminal 9 Pin 6 +15 VDC BROWN Terminal 7 Pin 2 Phase B WHITE/BROWN Terminal 8 Pin 7 Phase B Not Figure 7.3 - Encoder Wiring Connections GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 59: Wiring The Signal And Control I/O

    Terminal Number Parameters/Wiring Connections Description Wiring RS-232 Signals Note that RS-232 communication between the GV3000/SE drive RS-232 Transmit and a personal computer requires the use of the Control and Configuration software. Refer to instruction manual D2-3348 for RS-232 Receive more information.
  • Page 60 (Meter or Analog Input) – 9 – 10 + 11 – Connection to the negative side of the power supply is only required when an external 15 V power supply is used. 7-10 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 61 P.010: Terminal Strip Analog Input Gain (+/– 10 VDC) P.011: Terminal Strip Analog Input Configure Analog Speed/Torque Refer to the GV3000/SE Software Start-Up and Reference manual Reference Input Current for additional parameter information. (0-20 mA) Jumper J4 must also be set. See figure 2.6.
  • Page 62 P.031 to P.038: Preset Speeds 1-8 Refer to the GV3000/SE Software Start-Up and Reference manual for additional information. REMOTE LOCAL Terminal 17 On = Local Control Diagram shows factory setting. 7-12 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 63 7. P.023: MOP Accel/Decel Time P.024: MOP Reset Configuration P.031 to P.038: Preset Speeds 1-8 Refer to the GV3000/SE Software Start-Up and Reference manual for additional information. RAMP 1 RAMP 2 Terminal 18 On = Ramp 2 Diagram shows factory setting.
  • Page 64 IF P.027 = 1, FORWARD DIRECTION ONLY Terminal 19 On = Reverse Direction Diagram shows factory setting. From the encoder end of the motor, clockwise rotation indicates forward motor movement. 7-14 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 65 Table 7.8 – Wiring Signal and Control I/O to the Terminal Strip (Continued) Terminal Description Parameters/Wiring Connections Number Wiring a Function Loss Input The following parameters must be set: Digital Input 5 (Function Loss) P.026: Function Loss Response A signal must be present at terminal 20 for the drive to be able to start.
  • Page 66 +24 VDC Isolated Common Note that terminals 26 and 27 are not to be used with Snubber Resistor Braking Kits M/N 2SR20400, 2SR20600, 2SR21200, 2SR21800, 2SR20300, and 2SR20450. 7-16 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 67 Note that depending on the setting of parameter P.013, the relay coil will energize (the normally-open contact will close and the Normally-Open Contact normally-closed contact will open). Refer to the GV3000/SE Common (Form A) Software Start-Up and Reference manual for more information.
  • Page 68 7-18 GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 69: Chapter 8 Completing The Installation

    HAPTER Completing the Installation This chapter provides instructions on how to perform a final check of the installation before power is applied to the drive. ATTENTION: Only qualified electrical personnel familiar with the construction and operation of this equipment and the hazards involved should start and adjust it.
  • Page 70: Powering Up After Installation Is Complete

    Step 1. Turn the drive's input power disconnect to the On position. Step 2. Apply power to the drive. Step 3. Follow the start-up procedure in the GV3000/SE Software Start-Up and Reference manual. GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 71: Chapter 9 Troubleshooting The Drive

    If a fault occurs, the drive will coast-to-rest stop and a 2- or 3-digit fault code will flash on the display. Refer to the GV3000/SE Software Start-up and Reference manual for more information on drive alarms and faults. 9.3 Verifying That DC Bus Capacitors are Discharged ATTENTION: DC bus capacitors retain hazardous voltages after input power has been disconnected.
  • Page 72: Checking Out The Power Module With Input Power Off

    Step 1. Turn off and lock out input power. Wait five minutes. Step 2. Remove the drive's cover. Step 3. Verify that there is no voltage at the drive's input terminals. GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 73: Table 9.1 - Resistance Checks

    Step 4. Check the DC bus potential with a voltmeter as described in section 9.3 to ensure that the DC bus capacitors are discharged. Step 5. Disconnect the motor from the drive. Step 6. Check all AC line and DC bus fuses. Step 7.
  • Page 74: Replacement Parts

    9.5 Replacement Parts Table 9.2 lists the replacement parts that are available from Reliance Electric. See figures 2.2 and 2.3 for the location of the parts. Table 9.2 - Replacement Parts for the GV3000/SE Drives Power Module Description Part Number...
  • Page 75: Appendix A Technical Specifications

    PPENDIX Technical Specifications Table A.1 - Service Conditions Three-phase with 85,000 amps symmetrical fault current capacity AC Line Distribution System Capacity with AC line reactor with a line impedance of less than 5%. (maximum) for 230 VAC Units All-digital vector, sinusoidal pulse-width-modulated (PWM) Control Method 0.96 Displacement Power Factor...
  • Page 76: Table A.2 - Environmental Condition

    10 - 11 Analog Output scaled signal Used with older Snubber Resistor 26-27 Snubber Resistor Braking Kits such as M/N 2DB2010 series that requires a gate turn-on signal from the drive. GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 77: Table A.5 - Terminal Strip Rs-232 Specifications

    Table A.5 – Terminal Strip RS-232 Specifications Signal Type Terminal(s) Specification RS-232 Communications XMIT RECV COMMON Table A.6 – Encoder Feedback Device Specifications (FVC Regulation Only) Specification Rating Motor Poles 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles Overcurrent IET 200% load (based on drive nameplate rating) Overload Current Rating 150% for 1 minute (based on drive...
  • Page 78 Torque Reference 0.5 milliseconds + network transport time These are the maximum times from transitioning the input to the drive reacting to the input. GV3000/SE 230 VAC 30-100 HP Drive, Hardware Reference Version 6.04...
  • Page 79: Appendix B 30-100 Hp Gv3000/Se System Wiring Diagram

    PPENDIX 30-100 HP GV3000/SE System Wiring Diagram MOV3 10Ω/120 W Fuse 4 > 3 > MOV1 MOV2 250 A 7 > > 6 W/T3 4700 µF/400 V R/L1 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 453136B S/L2 T/L3 V/T2 MC-B6002 Manual Fuse...
  • Page 82 U.S. Allen-Bradley Drives Technical Support - Tel: (1) 262.512.8176, Fax: (1) 262.512.2222, Email: support@drives.ra.rockwell.com, Online: www.ab.com/support/abdrives www.rockwellautomation.com Power, Control and Information Solutions Headquarters Americas: Rockwell Automation, 1201 South Second Street, Milwaukee, WI 53204-2496 USA, Tel: (1) 414.382.2000, Fax: (1) 414.382.4444 Europe/Middle East/Africa: Rockwell Automation, Pegasus Park, De Kleetlaan 12a, 1831 Diegem, Belgium, Tel: (32) 2 663 0600, Fax: (32) 2 663 0640 Asia Pacific: Rockwell Automation, Level 14, Core F, Cyberport 3, 100 Cyberport Road, Hong Kong, Tel: (852) 2887 4788, Fax: (852) 2508 1846 Publication D2-3417-2 –...

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