Introduction; Basics Of Ethernet Switching - Siemens SCALANCE X320-3LD FE Operating Instructions Manual

Introduction

2.1

Basics of Ethernet switching

Ethernet switching
Ethernet switches forward data packets directly from the input port to the appropriate output
port during data exchange based on the address information. Ethernet switches operate on a
direct delivery basis.
Essentially, switches have the following functions:
● Connecting collision domains / subnets
S ince repeaters and star couplers (hubs) operate at the physical level, their use is
restricted to the span of a collision domain. Switches connect collision domains. Their use
is therefore not restricted to the maximum span of a repeater network. On the contrary,
extremely large networks with very large spans are possible with switches. The distances
achieved depend on the fiber-optic interfaces used in the devices and the FO fibers used
(see technical specifications).
● Load containment
B y filtering the data traffic based on the Ethernet (MAC) addresses, local data traffic
remains local. In contrast to repeaters or hubs, which distribute data unfiltered to all ports
/ network nodes, switches operate selectively. Only data intended for nodes in other
subnets is switched from the input port to the appropriate output port of the switch. To
make this possible, a table assigning Ethernet (MAC) addresses to output ports is
created by the switch in a "teach-in" mode.
● Limiting the propagation of errors to the subnet involved.
By checking the validity of a data packet on the basis of the checksum which each data
packet contains, the switch ensures that bad data packets are not transported further.
Collisions in one network segment are not passed on to other segments.
The need for Industrial Ethernet switches
With over 95% of LANs based on Ethernet, this is the most commonly used technology. The
use of switches is particularly important: They allow extensive networks with large numbers
of nodes to be set up, increase the data throughput, and simplify network expansion.
The IE Switches X-300 from SIMATIC NET are designed for use in high-speed plant
networks that will also meet future requirements. With the HRP redundancy function and
standby linking of rings, high network availability can be achieved. HRP and standby link
reconfigures the network within 300 ms. Support of IT standards such as VLAN, RSTP,
IGMP, and GARP makes seamless integration of automation networks in existing office
networks possible.
The IE Switches X-300 are designed for use in switching cubicles and cabinets.
SCALANCE X-300
Operating Instructions, 05/2016, A5E01113043-20
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