Appendix Fip Subnetting; Introduction To Ip Addresses; Table 130 Classes Of Ip Addresses - ZyXEL Communications P-660HW-T - V2 User Manual

This appendix introduces addresses, IP address classes and subnet masks.

Introduction to IP Addresses

An IP address is made up of four octets, written in dotted decimal notation (for example,
192.168.1.1). An octet is an 8-digit binary number. Therefore, each octet has a possible range
of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 256 in decimal.
An IP address has two parts: the network number and the host ID. Routers use the network
number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID identifies a single device on
the network.
IP Address Classes and Hosts
The class of an IP address determines the number of hosts you can have on your network.
• In a class A address the first octet is the network number, and the remaining three octets
are the host ID.
• In a class B address the first two octets make up the network number, and the two
remaining octets make up the host ID.
• In a class C address the first three octets make up the network number, and the last octet
is the host ID.
The following table shows the network number and host ID arrangement for classes A, B and
C.

Table 130 Classes of IP Addresses

IP ADDRESS
Class A
Class B
Class C
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network. An IP address with
host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network. Therefore, to determine the total
number of hosts allowed in a network, deduct two as shown next:
• A class C address (1 host octet: 8 host bits) can have 2
• A class B address (2 host octets: 16 host bits) can have 2
Appendix F IP Subnetting
OCTET 1 OCTET 2
Network number Host ID
Network number Network number
Network number Network number
P-660HW-T v2 User's Guide
A
P P E N D I X
IP Subnetting
OCTET 3
Host ID
Host ID
Network number
8
– 2, or 254 hosts.
16
– 2, or 65534 hosts.
F
OCTET 4
Host ID
Host ID
Host ID
297