Dhcp - D-Link DGS-3224TG User Manual

DGS-3224TG Gigabit Ethernet Switch User's Guide
If the packet is not tagged with VLAN information, the ingress port will tag the packet with its own PVID
as a VID. The switch then determines if the destination port is a member of the same VLAN (has the
same VID) as the ingress port. If it does not, the packet is dropped. If it has the same VID, the packet is
forwarded and the destination port transmits it on its attached network segment.
This process is referred to as ingress filtering and is used to conserve bandwidth within the switch by
dropping packets that are not on the same VLAN as the ingress port at the point of reception. This
eliminates the subsequent processing of packets that will just be dropped by the destination port.

DHCP

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) can reduce the administrative burden of assigning
and maintaining IP address information. DHCP provides reliable and simple TCP/IP network
configuration, ensures that address conflicts do not occur, and helps to conserve the use of IP
addresses through the centralized management of address allocation.
Dynamic address allocation enables a client to be assigned an IP address from a pool of free addresses.
Each address is assigned with a lease and a lease expiration period. The client must renew the lease to
continue using the assigned address. Dynamically assigned addresses can be returned to the free
address pool if the computer is not being used, if it is moved to another subnet, of if its lease expires.
Usually, network policy ensures that the same IP address is assigned to a client each time and that
addresses returned to the free address pool are reassigned.
When the address lease expires, the DHCP client enters the renewing state. The client sends a request
message to the DHCP server that provided the address. The DHCP server sends an acknowledgement
that contains the new lease and configuration parameters. The client then updates its configuration
values and returns to the bound state.
When the DHCP client is in the renewing state, it must release its address immediately in the rare event
that the DHCP server sends a negative acknowledgment. The DHCP server sends this message to
inform a client that it has incorrect configuration information, forcing it to release its current address
and acquire new information.
If the DHCP client cannot successfully renew its lease, the client enters a rebinding state. The client
then sends a request message to all DHCP servers in its range, attempting to renew its lease. Any
DHCP server that can extend the lease sends an acknowledgement containing the extended lease and
updated configuration information. If the lease expires or if a DHCP server responds with a negative
acknowledgement, the client must release its current configuration, and then return to the initializing
state.
If the DHCP client uses more than one network adapter to connect to multiple networks, this protocol is
followed for each adapter that the user wants to configure for TCP/IP. Multi-homed systems are
selectively configured for any combination of the system's interfaces.
When a DHCP-enabled computer is restarted, it sends a message to the DHCP server with its current
configuration information. The DHCP server either confirms this configuration or sends a negative reply
so that the client must begin the initializing state again. System startup might, therefore, result in a
new IP address for a client computer, but neither the user nor the network administrator has to take
any action in the configuration process.
Before loading TCP/IP with an address acquired from the DHCP server, DHCP clients check for an IP
address conflict by sending an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request containing the address. If a
conflict is found, TCP/IP does not start, and the user receives an error message. The conflicting address
should be removed for the list of active leases or it should be excluded until the conflict is identified
and resolved.
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