Page 1 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release First Published: August 28, 2012 Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 527-0883 Text Part Number: OL-27593-01...
Page 2 HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. http:// Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks .
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request Mesh Network Components C H A P T E R 1 Mesh Access Points Licensing for Mesh Access Points on a 5500 Series Controller Access Point Roles Network Access Network Segmentation Cisco Indoor Mesh Access Points...
Page 4 Configuring Mesh Range (CLI) Assumptions for the AP1522 Range Calculator Assumptions for the AP1552 Range Calculator Design Considerations C H A P T E R 3 Wireless Mesh Constraints Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 5 Special Considerations for Indoor Mesh Networks Wireless Propagation Characteristics CleanAir CleanAir AP Modes of Operation Pseudo MAC (PMAC) and Merging Event Driven Radio Resource Management and Persistence Device Avoidance Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 6 Increasing Mesh Availability Multiple RAPs Indoor Mesh Interoperability with Outdoor Mesh Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network C H A P T E R 5 Adding Mesh Access Points to the Mesh Network Adding MAC Addresses of Mesh Access Points to MAC Filter...
Page 7 Backhaul Channel Deselection Guidelines Configuring Dynamic Channel Assignment Configuring Advanced Features Using the 2.4-GHz Radio for Backhaul Configuring Ethernet VLAN Tagging Ethernet Port Notes Ethernet VLAN Tagging Guidelines VLAN Registration Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 8 Configuring a Locally Significant Certificate (CLI) LSC-Related Commands Controller GUI Security Settings Deployment Guidelines Checking the Health of the Network C H A P T E R 6 Show Mesh Commands Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 viii OL-27593-01...
Page 9 Backhaul Algorithm Passive Beaconing (Anti-Stranding) Dynamic Frequency Selection DFS in RAP DFS in MAP Preparation in a DFS Environment Monitoring DFS Frequency Planning Good Signal-to-Noise Ratios Access Point Placement Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 10 Throughput Analysis Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco Prime Infrastructure C H A P T E R 8 Adding Campus Maps, Outdoor Areas, and Buildings with Cisco Prime Infrastructure Adding Campus Maps Adding Outdoor Areas Adding a Building to a Campus Map...
Page 11 • Cisco Aironet 1550 (1552) series outdoor 802.11n mesh access points • Cisco Aironet 1520 (1522, 1524) series outdoor mesh access points • Cisco Aironet 1040, 1130, 1140, 1240, 1250, 1260, 3500e, 3500i, 3600e, and 3600i series indoor mesh access points •...
Page 12 Preface Audience Audience This document is for experienced network administrators who design and deploy mesh networks and configure and maintain Cisco mesh access points and Cisco wireless LAN controllers. Organization This guide is organized into these chapters: Chapter Title Description Mesh Network Components, This chapter describes the components of a mesh network.
Page 13 (Voor vertalingen van de waarschuwingen die in deze publicatie verschijnen, kunt u het aanhangsel "Translated Safety Warnings" (Vertalingen van veiligheidsvoorschriften) raadplegen.) Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01 xiii...
Page 14 (Para ver traducciones de las advertencias que aparecen en esta publicación, consultar el apéndice titulado "Translated Safety Warnings.") Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 15: Related Documentation
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request For information on obtaining documentation, submitting a service request, and gathering additional information, see the monthly What's New in Cisco Product Documentation, which also lists all new and revised Cisco technical documentation, at: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.html...
Page 16 Preface Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 17: Mesh Access Points
Licensing for Mesh Access Points on a 5500 Series Controller To use both mesh and nonmesh access points with a Cisco 5500 Series Controller, only the base license (LIC-CT5508-X) is required from the 7.0 release and later releases. For more information about obtaining and installing licenses, see the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Configuration Guide at http://www.cisco.com/...
Page 18: Access Point Roles
1 Root access point (RAP) 2 Mesh access point (MAP) All access points are configured and shipped as mesh access points. To use an access point as a root access Note point, you must reconfigure the mesh access point to a root access point. In all mesh networks, ensure that there is at least one root access point.
Page 19: Network Access
Access to the wireless LAN mesh for mesh access points is managed by the following authentication methods: • MAC authentication—Mesh access points are added to a database that can be referenced to ensure they are provided access to a given controller and mesh network.
Page 20: Network Segmentation
You have a choice of ordering indoor access points directly into the bridge mode, so that these access points can be used directly as mesh access points. If you have these access points in a local mode (nonmesh), then you have to connect these access points to the controller and change the AP mode to the bridge mode (mesh).
Page 21: Cisco Outdoor Mesh Access Points
The 5-GHz radio supports the 5.15 GHz, 5.25 GHz, 5.47 GHz, and 5.8 GHz bands. Cisco Outdoor Mesh Access Points Cisco outdoor mesh access points comprise of the Cisco Aironet 1500 series access points. The 1500 series includes 1552 11n outdoor mesh access points, 1522 dual-radio mesh access points, and 1524 multi-radio mesh access points.
Page 22: Cisco Aironet 1552 Mesh Access Point
• Sniffer mode—In this mode, the AP captures and forwards all packets on a channel to a remote device that decodes the packets with packet analyzer software such as Wireshark. You can configure these modes using both the GUI and CLI. For configuration instructions, see the Cisco Note Wireless LAN Controller Configuration Guide.
Page 23 • DTLS support allows AP1552 to encrypt data in all supported AP modes except Bridge mode. • You can enable CleanAir on the 5-GHz radio by navigating to Wireless > Radios > 802.11a > Configure on the controller GUI. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 24 Pluggable (SFP) backhaul options, along with the option of a battery backup. This model also has a PoE-out port and can power a video surveillance camera. A highly flexible model, the Cisco Aironet 1552E is well equipped for municipal and campus deployments, video surveillance applications, mining environments, and data offload.
Page 25 Power Injector or Ethernet port, and no AC power option. 1552I The Cisco Aironet 1552I Outdoor Access Point is a low-profile, lighter weight model. The smaller size and sleeker look helps it blend with the surrounding environment. The smaller power supply also makes it an energy efficient product.
Page 26 This access point is designed for hazardous environments like oil and gas refineries, chemical plants, mining pits, and manufacturing factories. The Cisco Aironet 1552H Outdoor Access Point is Class 1, Div 2/Zone 2 hazardous location certified. The features are similar to the 1552E model, with the exception of the battery backup.
Page 27: Cisco 1522 Mesh Access Point
5.8-GHz, and a 4.9-GHz radio. The 2.4-GHz radio is for client access (nonpublic safety traffic) and the 4.9-GHz radio is for public safety client access traffic only. The 5.8-GHz radio can be used as the backhaul for both public safety and nonpublic safety traffic. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 28: Cisco 1524Sb Mesh Access Point
Slot 1 in a 5-GHz radio in a MAP can act as an uplink radio for the backhaul in any one of the following scenarios: • Slot 2 radio fails. • Antenna for slot 2 radio goes bad. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 29 Note required. 2 GHz–Used for client access. 2 GHz–Used for client access. 2 GHz–Used for client access. — Not connected. 5 GHz–Used for backhaul. Directional antenna is Note required. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 30: Ethernet Ports
• Port 3 (g3) is a fiber connection You can query the status of these four interfaces in the controller CLI and Cisco Prime Infrastructure. In the controller CLI, the show mesh env summary command is used to display the status of the ports.
Page 31 Not Applicable Not Applicable Injector) DC (nominal 12 11.4 – 15V 11.4 – 15V 11.4 – 12.6V 11.4 – 15V VDC) Battery Backup 80W-hr 35W-hr Not Applicable Not Applicable Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 32: Battery Backup Module (Optional)
The battery pack is not supported on the access point cable configuration. For a complete listing of optional hardware components for AP1520s such as mounting brackets, power Note injectors, and power tap adapters, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5679/ps8368/ product_data_sheet0900aecd8066a157.html Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 33: Reset Button
• Switch off LEDs—Press the reset button for more than 10 seconds, and the LEDs turn off, then on, and then stay off. Figure 4: Reset Button Location - Models AIR-CAP1552E-x-K9 and AIR-CAP1552H-x-K9 Reset button Figure 5: Reset Button Location - Models AIR-CAP1552C-x-K9 and AIR-CAP1552I-x-K9 Reset button Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 34: Resetting Access Point
LEDs are enabled or disabled using the config ap led-state {enable | disable} {cisco_ap_name | all} Note command. There are four LED status indicators on AP1500s. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 35 To identify the failing radio, you must use other means, such as the access point CLI or controller GUI to investigate and isolate the failure. Table 4: Access Point LED Signals , on page 20 lists the access point LED signals. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 36 RF-2 Radio is turned off. Slot 1 Green Radio is operational. 802.11a radio Firmware failure. Contact your support organization for assistance. RF-2 Disabled in this release. — Slot 3 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 37 The public safety band (4.94 to 4.99 GHz) is not supported for backhaul and for client access. For information about the channels and maximum power levels of the AP1500 supported within the world's regulatory domains, see the Channels and Maximum Power Settings for Cisco Aironet Lightweight Access Points manual at: •...
Page 38 DFS-enabled channels and require checks for radar detection. This table is for up to 8 dBi antennas. For higher gain antennas, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/access_point/ channels/lwapp/reference/guide/1520_chp.html. For more information about AP1550 series RF Tx power levels, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/access_point/channels/lwapp/reference/ guide/1550pwr_chn.pdf. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 39 The FCC, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), and the Federal Note Aviation Administration (FAA) are continuing to investigate and eliminate cases of interference to TDWRs. For more information about FCC guidelines for outdoor installations, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/ prod/collateral/routers/ps272/data_sheet_c78-647116_ps11451_Products_Data_Sheet.html. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 40: Frequency Bands
Frequency Band Terms Description Model Support UNII-1 Regulations for UNII devices operating in the 1130, 1240, and all 11n 5.15- to 5.25-GHz frequency band. Indoor Indoor APs operation only, Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 41: Dynamic Frequency Selection
FCC approval and it might take up to 4 months to get the product certified. After the product is certified, Cisco will provide new software that will allow the UNII-2 and UNII-2 Extended bands to be used for the 1552 access points in the -A domain.
Page 42: Antennas
• Directivity—The shape of the transmission pattern. If the gain of the antenna increases, the coverage area decreases. The coverage area or radiation pattern is measured in degrees. These angles are measured in degrees and are called beamwidths. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 43 Most omnidirectional antennas ship with vertical polarization as their default. Antenna Options A wide variety of antennas are available to provide flexibility when you deploy the mesh access points over various terrains. 5 GHz is used as a backhaul and 2.4 GHz is used for client access.
Page 44 8 Use of the 4.9-GHz band requires a license and may be used only by qualified Public Safety operators as defined in section 90.20 of the FCC rules. See the Cisco Aironet Antenna and Accessories Reference Guide on Cisco antennas and accessories at http:/ /www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps7183/ps469/product_data_sheet09186a008008883b.html...
Page 45 Strand mount bracket (part of strand mount kit, ordered separately) Strand support cable 9 Illustration shows antenna for an access point with two radios. 10 Liquid tight connector not shown. 11 Stinger connector shown is user-supplied. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 46 2.4 GHz antennas (Rx) This figure shows antenna placement for a three-radio fiber mesh access point. Figure 12: AP1524SB and AP1524PS Mesh Access Point Pole Mount Configuration (Hinged-Side Facing Forward) Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 47: Antenna Configurations For 1552
The 1552 access point supports the following two types of antennas designed for outdoor use with radios operating in the 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz frequency: • Cisco Aironet Low Profile Dual-Band 2.4/5 GHz Dipole Antenna Array (CPN 07-1123-01), an integrated array of three dual-band dipole antennas •...
Page 48 4, 5, and 6) on the bottom of the unit for external antennas to support multiple input multiple output (MIMO) operation as shown in the figure below. When using the optional Cisco Aironet AIR-ANT2547V-N Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3...
Page 49 Power, GDTs are also used along with fuses to mitigate a high-current condition. For the DC power, a fuse is used to mitigate a high-current condition. While not a common practice, users may want to consider adding additional lightning protection at the antenna ports for added protection. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 50: Client Access Certified Antennas (Third-Party Antennas)
• RF connectivity and compliance is the customer’s responsibility. • Compliance is only guaranteed with Cisco antennas or antennas that are of the same design and gain as Cisco antennas. • Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) has no training or customer history with regard to nonCisco antennas and cables.
Page 51 For the 1550 Series In the 1552 series mesh access point, MRC gain is different than the 1520 series mesh access points. The 1520 series access points do not have 802.11n functionality. In the 2.4-GHz band, it has only one transmitter and up to three receivers.
Page 52 Table 11: AP1552 11n MRC Gain No. of Spatial Streams 11n MCS Modulation MRC Gain from 3 RXs (dB) MCS 0 BPSK 1/2 MCS 1 QPSK 1/2 MCS 2 QPSK 3/4 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 53: Cisco 1500 Hazardous Location Certification
To operate in occasional hazardous environments, such as oil refineries, oil fields, drilling platforms, chemical processing facilities, and open-pit mining, special certification is required and the certification is labeled as Class 1, Div 2, or Zone 2. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 54 Note Class 1, Zone 2. Cisco has Hazardous Certified SKUs for USA and EU: AIR-LAP1522HZ-x-K9, AIR-LAP1524HZ-x-K9, and AIR-LAP1552H-x-K9. These SKUs are modified, as per the certification requirements. The hazardous locations certificate requires that all electrical power cables be run through conduit piping to protect against accidental damage to the electrical wiring that could cause a spark and possible explosion.
Page 55 Console Port Ext. Access Note You need to open the access point. PoE-in is not 802.3af and does not work with PoE 802.3af-capable Ethernet switch. It requires Power Note Injector. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 56: Cisco Wireless Lan Controllers
The Prime Infrastructure runs on a server platform with an embedded database, which provides scalability that allows hundreds of controllers and thousands of Cisco mesh access points to be managed. Controllers can be located on the same LAN as the Prime Infrastructure, on separate routed subnets, or across a wide-area connection.
Page 57: Dynamic Mtu Detection
The controller does not support uploading and downloading of port configuration CLI commands. If you want to configure the controller ports, enter the relevant commands summarized below: Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 58: Adaptive Wireless Path Protocol
After the path is established, AWPP continuously monitors conditions and changes routes to reflect changes in conditions. AWPP also performs a smoothing Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 59: Traffic Flow
Each mesh access point within the mesh forms an CAPWAP session with a controller. WLAN traffic is encapsulated inside CAPWAP and is mapped to a VLAN interface on the controller. Bridged Ethernet traffic Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 60: Mesh Neighbors, Parents, And Children
Figure 19: Logical Bridge and WLAN Mapping, on page 44). Figure 19: Logical Bridge and WLAN Mapping Mesh Neighbors, Parents, and Children Relationships among mesh access points are as a parent, child, or neighbor (see Figure 20: Parent, Child, and Neighbor Access Points, on page 44).
Page 61: Criteria To Choose The Best Parent
A parent mesh access point is chosen by using the adjusted ease, which is the ease of each neighbor divided by the number of hops to the RAP: adjusted ease = min (ease at each hop) Hop count Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 62: Snr Smoothing
That is, routing information apart from hop information contains the MAC address of each hop to the RAP; therefore, a mesh access point can easily detect and discard routes that loop. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 63: Mesh Deployment Modes
The encryption keys used between mesh access points are derived during the EAP authentication process. Only 5 GHz backhaul is possible on all mesh access points except 1522 in which either 2.4 or 5 GHz radio can be configured as a backhaul radio (see Configuring Advanced Features).
Page 64: Universal Access
Universal Access Universal Access You can configure the backhaul on mesh access points to accept client traffic over its 802.11a radio. This feature is identified as Backhaul Client Access in the controller GUI (Monitor > Wireless). When this feature is disabled, backhaul traffic is transmitted only over the 802.11a or 802.11a/n radio and client association is allowed only over the 802.11b/g or 802.11b/g/n radio.
Page 65: Configuring Mesh Range (Cli)
(RAP) and the farthest mesh access point (MAP). Range from the RAP bridge to the MAP bridge has to be mentioned in feet. The following global parameter applies to all mesh access points when they join the controller and all existing mesh access points in the network:...
Page 66: Assumptions For The Ap1522 Range Calculator
EIRP limit, then you get a warning and the range equals • You can choose only the channels that the access point is certified for. • You can only select only valid power levels. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 67: Design Considerations
The number of symbols sent out for a packet at the 1-Mbps data rate is higher than the number of Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 68 ◦ Typical fade margin is approximately 9 to 10 dB. Minimum Required LinkSNR Calculations by Data Rate Table 15: Calculation by Data Rate 802.11n Date Rate (Mbps) Minimum SNR (dB) + Fade Margin = Minimum Required LinkSNR (dB) Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 69 If we consider only 802.11n rates, then Table 17: Requirements for LinkSNR with AP1552 for 2.4 and 5 GHz, on page 54 shows LinkSNR requirements with AP1552 for 2.4 and 5 GHz. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 70 MCS 10 QPSK 3/4 16.3 MCS 11 16QAM 1/2 20.3 MCS 12 16QAM 3/4 24.3 MCS 13 64QAM 2/3 27.3 MCS 14 64QAM 3/4 29.3 MCS 15 64QAM 5/6 30.3 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 71: Clientlink Technology
Many networks still support a mix of 802.11a/g and 802.11n clients. Because 802.11a/g clients (legacy clients) operate at lower data rates, the older clients can reduce the capacity of the entire network. Cisco’s ClientLink technology can help solve problems related to adoption of 802.11n in mixed-client networks by ensuring that 802.11a/g clients operate at the best possible rates, especially when they are near cell boundaries.
Page 72: Configuring Clientlink (Cli)
Cisco ClientLink works with all existing 802.11a/g clients. Cisco ClientLink technology effectively enables the access point to optimize the SNR exactly at the position where the client is placed. ClientLink provides a gain of almost 4 dB in the downlink direction. Improved SNR yields many benefits, such as a reduced number of retries and higher data rates.
Page 73 Phy OFDM parameters Configuration ......AUTOMATIC Current Channel ......149 Extension Channel ......NONE Channel Width......20 Mhz Allowed Channel List....... 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100, ......... 104,108,112,116,132,136,140, ......... 149,153,157,161,165 TI Threshold ......-50 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 74: Commands Related To Clientlink
If this is not the case, and controllers are grouped into various clusters or PoPs, the overall number of access points and coverage are reduced. • Number of mesh access points (RAPs and MAPs) supported per controller. See Table 18: Mesh Access Point Support by Controller Model , on page For clarity, nonmesh access points are referred to as local access points in this document.
Page 75 13 For 5508, controllers, the number of MAPs is equal to (local AP support - number of RAPs). 14 For 2504, controllers, the number of MAPs is equal to (local AP support - number of RAPs). Mesh is fully supported on Cisco 5508 Controllers. The Base License (LIC-CT508-Base) is sufficient for Note indoor and outdoor APs (AP152X).
Page 76 Design Considerations Controller Planning Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 77: Site Preparation And Planning
• Is this a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint link? • Do you have the correct antenna? • Can the access point installation area support the weight of the access point? Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 78: Outdoor Site Survey
This higher frequency range makes the mesh ideal for unlicensed use because the radio waves do not travel far unless a high-gain antenna is used to tightly focus the radio waves in a given direction. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 79: Weather
60 percent to 70 percent of the Fresnel area is unobstructed, as illustrated in Figure 24: Point-to-Point Link Fresnel Zone, on page Figure 24: Point-to-Point Link Fresnel Zone Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 80: Fresnel Zone Size In Wireless Mesh Deployments
Fresnel zone of clearance requirement of 9.78 ft = 43.3 x SQR(1/(4*4.9)). This clearance is relatively easy to achieve in most situations. In most deployments, distances are expected to be less than one mile, and the Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 81: Hidden Nodes Interference
Both the hidden node problem and the exposed node problem are inherent to wireless mesh networks because mesh access points share the same backhaul channel. Because these two problems can affect the overall network performance, the Cisco mesh solution seeks to mitigate these two problems as much as possible. For example, the AP1500s have at least two radios: one for backhaul access on a 5-GHz channel and the other for 2.4-GHz client access.
Page 82: Functional Routing Of Three Radio Maps
If slot 1 is selected, the AP should not go to the scanning mode after 15 minutes, that is, you should disable the slot bias. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 83: Disabling Slot Bias
Recommended Max Children for RAP....20 Low Link SNR........12 High Link SNR......... 60 Max Association Number......10 Association Interval......60 minutes Parent Change Numbers......3 Parent Change Interval......60 minutes Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 84: Preferred Parent Selection
2, whichever the AP sees first. If slot 1 is selected for the uplink in a MAP, then slot bias occurs. We recommend that you disable slot bias if you already know that slot 1 is going to be selected. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 85: Configuring A Preferred Parent
AP Country code........US - United States AP Regulatory Domain......802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-A Switch Port Number ......1 MAC Address........12:12:12:12:12:12 IP Address Configuration......DHCP IP Address........209.165.200.225 IP NetMask........255.255.255.224 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 86: Co-Channel Interference
This interference takes the form of collisions or excessive deferrals by CSMA. In both cases, performance of the mesh network is degraded. With appropriate channel management, co-channel interference on the wireless mesh network can be minimized. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 87: Wireless Mesh Network Coverage Considerations
• For 2.4 GHz, the local access cell size radius is 600 feet (182.88 meters). One cell size is around 1.310 x 106, so there are 25 cells per square mile. (See Figure 31: Cell Radius of 600 Feet and Access Point Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 88 Figure 29: Cell Radius of 1000 Feet and Access Point Placement for Nonvoice Mesh Networks Figure 30: Path Loss Exponent 2.3 to 2.7 Figure 31: Cell Radius of 600 Feet and Access Point Placement for Nonvoice Mesh Networks Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 89 As seen in the previous section, for a Greenfield deployment with the AP1520 series, we recommend a cell radius of 600 feet, and an AP to AP distance of 1200 feet. Normally, an AP to AP distance that is twice the Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 90 –79 dBm at 54 Mbps –80 dBm at 54 Mbps –73 dBm at 300 Mbps No. of Receive Channels Rx Diversity Antenna Cable loss 0.5 dB, with external 0.5 dB antenna Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 91 –92 dBm at 6 Mbps –88 dBm at 6 Mbps Includes 4.7 dB MRC gain for AP1552 –76 dBm at 54 Mbps –73 dBm at 54 Mbps –72 dBm at 300 Mbps Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 92 GHz: 9 Mbps (-A domain), on page 76). This is the lowest data rate for outdoor 802.11n APs, which carries the Cisco's ClientLink (Beamforming Note for Legacy clients) advantage. It provides a gain of up to 4 dB in the downlink direction.
Page 93 Table 22: Outdoor 11n AP-to-Client, at 2.4 GHz: 9 Mbps Data Rate (–A domain), on page 78). For the –A domain EIRP limit is 36 dBm for 2.4- and 5-GHz bands. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 94 Because most of the clients available are 2.4-GHz clients, we recommend the cell size taking 2.4 GHz values into consideration (see Table 23: Lowest of AP to Client and Half of AP to AP Backhaul Distance, on page 79). Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 95 AP Type (-A Domain) AP to Client AP to AP 1552 C/I 250 meters (800 feet) 500 meters (1600 feet) 1552 E/H 300 meters (1000 feet) 600 meters (2000 feet) Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 96 • AP1552C and AP1552I: 14 AP/sq. mile = 5.3 AP/sq. km • AP1552E and AP1552H: 9 AP/sq. mile = 3.5 AP/sq. km With these recommendations, the likelihood of getting healthy cells is more. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 97 The AP1552 models with inbuilt antennas (1552C/I) have the same system gain as AP1522s for 5 GHz backhaul giving the AP to AP distance of 1543 feet. Link Budget Analysis for AP to Client (-E Domain) Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 98 • Half of the distance between AP to AP on 5 GHz backhaul (from Table 25: AP to AP RF Link Budget, 5.6 GHz: 9 Mbps (-E domain), on page Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 99: Assumptions For The Ap1522 Range Calculator
Note • Cisco 1520 Series Outdoor Mesh Range Calculation Utility: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ ps8368/products_implementation_design_guides_list.html • Range Calculator for 1550 Series Outdoor Mesh Access Points: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ ps11451/products_implementation_design_guides_list.html Assumptions for the AP1522 Range Calculator • The AP1522 Range Calculator has been edited to stay within limitations for Tx power and EIRP under the listed regulatory domains.
Page 100: Assumptions For The Ap1552 Range Calculator
MAP within the core of the cell, which means that the physical location of the RAPs can be on the edge of the cell, and a directional antenna is used to establish a link into the center of the cell. Therefore, the wired Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 101 MAPs must fall back to seek mode to find neighbors in adjacent cells. In areas of high-traffic density, co-channel interference has the highest impact, which is likely to be around the RAP. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 102: Collocating Mesh Access Points
The goal is to have negligible throughput degradation due to a CCA hold-off, and negligible receive sensitivity degradation due to a receive noise floor increase. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 103: Special Considerations For Indoor Mesh Networks
If two collocated AP1500s operate on adjacent channels such as channel 149 (5745 MHz) and channel 152 (5765 MHz), the minimum vertical separation between the two AP1500s is 40 feet (12.192 meters) (the requirement applies for mesh access points equipped with either 8 dBi omnidirectional or 17 dBi high-gain directional patch antennas).
Page 104 Figure 38: Cell Radius of 100 Feet (30.4 meters) and Access Point Placement for Voice Mesh Networks Figure 39: Cell Radius of 125 Feet (38 meters) and Access Point Placement for Indoor 11n Mesh Networks Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 105: Wireless Propagation Characteristics
1550 series access points are capable of doing CleanAir. With the 7.2.103.0 release, 3600 series access points can mesh with each other and can also provide CleanAir functionality. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 106: Cleanair Ap Modes Of Operation
A mesh access point performs CleanAir function and also serves clients on the assigned channel similar to the way the Cisco Indoor CleanAir AP3500 (nonmesh mode) operating in LMAP mode serving clients on its assigned channel. The mesh AP also monitors the spectrum only on that channel.
Page 107: Pseudo Mac (Pmac) And Merging
Spectrum Expert Connect Mode (optional) (SE Connect)—An SE Connect AP is configured as a dedicated spectrum sensor that allows connection of the Cisco Spectrum Expert application running on a local host to use the CleanAir AP as a remote spectrum sensor for the local application. This mode allows viewing of the raw spectrum data such as FFT plots and detailed measurements.
Page 108: Event Driven Radio Resource Management And Persistence Device Avoidance
CleanAir Access Point Deployment Recommendations CleanAir is a passive technology that does not affect the normal operation of Wi-Fi networks. There is no inherent difference between a CleanAir deployment and a mesh deployment. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 109: Cleanair Advisor
Quality Index (AQI) and Interferer Detection Reports (IDR) but the reports are only displayed in the controller. No action is taken through event driven RRM (ED-RRM). CleanAir Advisor is only present on the 5-GHz Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 110: Enabling Cleanair
A CleanAir system requires a CleanAir AP and a controller that is running release 7.0 or later releases. Adding the Cisco Prime Infrastructure allows the displays to be enhanced and additional information to be correlated within the system. Adding the MSE further enhances the available features and provides the history and location of specific interference devices.
Page 111: Multiple Controllers
The CAPWAP model used in the wireless mesh network is designed for campus networks; that is, it expects a high-speed, low-latency network between the CAPWAP mesh access points and the CAPWAP controller. Increasing Mesh Availability In the Cell Planning Distance section, a wireless mesh cell of one square mile was created and then built upon.
Page 112: Multiple Raps
RAP to minimize the convergence time in a scenario where the mesh transfers from one RAP to another. When you plan RAP hardware diversity, consider the 32 MAPs per RAP limitation. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 113: Indoor Mesh Interoperability With Outdoor Mesh
Indoor Mesh Interoperability with Outdoor Mesh Complete interoperability of indoor mesh access points with the outdoor ones is supported. It helps to bring coverage from outdoors to indoors. We recommend indoor mesh access points for indoor use only, and these access points should be deployed outdoors only under limited circumstances as described below.
Page 114 Site Preparation and Planning Indoor Mesh Interoperability with Outdoor Mesh Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 115: Connecting The Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points To The Network
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network This chapter describes how to connect the Cisco 1500 Series mesh access points to the network. The wireless mesh terminates on two points on the wired network. The first location is where the RAP attaches to the wired network, and where all bridged traffic connects to the wired network.
Page 116: Adding Mesh Access Points To The Mesh Network
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Adding Mesh Access Points to the Mesh Network For more information about upgrading to a new controller software release, see the Release Notes for Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers and Lightweight Access Points at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10315/...
Page 117: Adding Mac Addresses Of Mesh Access Points To Mac Filter
Adding MAC Addresses of Mesh Access Points to MAC Filter You must enter the MAC address for all mesh access points that you want to use in the mesh network into the appropriate controller. A controller only responds to discovery requests from outdoor radios that appear in its authorization list.
Page 118: (Cli)
Defining Mesh Access Point Role Note For 1500 series outdoor mesh access points, specify the BVI MAC address of the mesh access point into the controller as a MAC filter. For indoor mesh access points, enter the Ethernet MAC. If the required MAC address does not appear on the exterior of the mesh access point, enter the following command at the access point console to display the BVI and Ethernet MAC addresses: sh int | i hardware.
Page 119: Configuring The Ap Role (Gui)
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Defining Mesh Access Point Role For faster convergence on the network, we recommend that you do not connect any Ethernet device to the MAP until it has joined the mesh network.
Page 120: Configuring The Ap Role (Cli)
To configure the role of a mesh access point using the CLI, enter the following command: config ap role {rootAP | meshAP} Cisco_AP Configuring Multiple Controllers Using DHCP 43 and DHCP 60 To configure DHCP Option 43 and 60 for mesh access points in the embedded Cisco IOS DHCP server, follow these steps: Step 1 Enter configuration mode at the Cisco IOS CLI.
Page 121: Backup Controllers
43 hex f1080a7e7e020a7f7f02 Backup Controllers A single controller at a centralized location can act as a backup for mesh access points when they lose connectivity with the primary controller in the local region. Centralized and regional controllers need not be in the same mobility group.
Page 122: Configuring Backup Controllers (Gui)
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Backup Controllers Configuring Backup Controllers (GUI) Using the controller GUI, follow these steps to configure primary, secondary, and tertiary controllers for a specific mesh access point and to configure primary and secondary backup controllers for all mesh access...
Page 123: Configuring Backup Controllers (Cli)
If desired, specify the name and IP address of the tertiary backup controller for this mesh access point in the Tertiary Controller fields. g) No change is required to the AP Failover Priority value. The default value for mesh access points is critical and it cannot be modified.
Page 124 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Backup Controllers Step 4 To configure a primary backup controller for all mesh access points, enter this command: config advanced backup-controller primary backup_controller_name backup_controller_ip_address Step 5 To configure a secondary backup controller for all mesh access points, enter this command:...
Page 125: Configuring External Authentication And Authorization Using A Radius Server
Configuring External Authentication and Authorization Using a RADIUS Server External authorization and authentication of mesh access points using a RADIUS server such as Cisco ACS (4.1 and later) is supported in release 5.2 and later releases. The RADIUS server must support the client authentication type of EAP-FAST with certificates.
Page 126: Configuring Radius Servers
• Configure EAP-FAST on the RADIUS server and install the certificates. EAP-FAST authentication is required if mesh access points are connected to the controller using an 802.11a interface; the external RADIUS servers need to trust Cisco Root CA 2048. For information about installing and trusting the CA certificates, see the Configuring RADIUS Servers section.
Page 127: Adding A Username To A Radius Server
For Cisco IOS-based mesh access points, in addition to adding the MAC address to the user list, you need to enter the platform_name_string–Ethernet_MAC_address string to the user list (for example, c1240-001122334455).
Page 128: Enabling External Authentication Of Mesh Access Points (Gui)
Click Apply. Step 5 Click Save Configuration. Enable External Authentication of Mesh Access Points (CLI) To enable external authentication for mesh access points using the CLI, enter the following commands: Step 1 config mesh security eap Step 2 config macfilter mac-delimiter colon...
Page 129: View Security Statistics (Cli)
• Enabling a backhaul to carry client traffic. • Defining if VLAN tags are forwarded or not. • Defining the authentication mode (EAP or PSK) and method (local or external) for mesh access points including security settings (local and external authentication).
Page 130 2.4GHz IDS is activated with the global IDS settings on the controller. Backhaul Client Access This parameter applies to mesh access points with two or more radios (1552, Note 1524SB, 1522, 1240, 1130, and 11n indoor mesh APs) excluding the 1524PS.
Page 131 When enabled along with EAP and External MAC Filter Authorization parameters, external Authorization authorization and authentication of mesh access points is done by default by an external RADIUS server (such as Cisco 4.1 and later). The RADIUS server overrides local authentication of the MAC address by the controller which is the default.
Page 132: Configuring Global Mesh Parameters (Cli)
CLI commands. Step 1 To specify the maximum range (in feet) of all mesh access points in the network, enter this command: config mesh range feet To see the current range, enter the show mesh range command.
Page 133: Viewing Global Mesh Parameter Settings (Cli)
• show mesh client-access—When Universal Client Access is enabled, it allows wireless client association over the backhaul radio. Generally, backhaul radio is a 5-GHz radio for most of the mesh access points except for 1522 where backhaul can be 2.4 GHz. This means that a backhaul radio can carry both backhaul traffic and client traffic.
Page 134: Universal Client Access
When Universal Client Access is enabled, it allows wireless client association over the backhaul radio. Generally, backhaul radio is a 5-GHz radio for most of the mesh access points except for 1522 where backhaul can be 2.4 GHz. This means that a backhaul radio can carry both backhaul traffic and client traffic.
Page 135: Configuring Universal Client Access (Gui)
With universal client access, you can have client access on the backhaul 802.11a radios in addition to the backhaul functionality. This feature is applicable to mesh access points with two or more radios (1552, 1524SB, 1522, Indoor APs in mesh mode) excluding the 1524PS.
Page 136: Configuring Extended Universal Access (Gui)
• To disable only the extended client access (on the slot 2 radio), use the GUI. • All the mesh access points reboot whenever client access is enabled or disabled. The two 802.11a backhaul radios use the same MAC address. There may be instances where a WLAN maps to the same BSSID on more than one slot.
Page 137 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Universal Client Access on Serial Backhaul Access Points Step 2 Select the Backhaul Client Access check box to display the Extended Backhaul Client Access check box. Step 3 Select the Extended Backhaul Client Access check box and click Apply. A message appears.
Page 138: Configuring Extended Universal Access (Cli)
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Universal Client Access on Serial Backhaul Access Points Create WLAN on the WLC with the appropriate SSID mapped to the correct interface (VLAN). After you create a WLAN, it is applied to all the radios by default. If you want to enable client access only on 802.11a radios, choose only the appropriate radio policy from the list.
Page 139: Configuring Extended Universal Access From Cisco Prime Infrastructure
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Universal Client Access on Serial Backhaul Access Points Are you sure you want to start? (y/N) • You can disable EUA from the GUI without disturbing client access on the slot 1 radio, but all 1524SB access points will be rebooted.
Page 140: Configuring Local Mesh Parameters
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters Configuring Local Mesh Parameters After configuring global mesh parameters, you must configure the following local mesh parameters for these specific features if in use in your network: •...
Page 141 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters A lower bit rate might allow a greater distance between MAPs, but there are likely to be gaps in the WLAN client coverage, and the capacity of the backhaul network is reduced. An increased bit rate for the backhaul network either requires more MAPs or results in a reduced SNR between MAPs, limiting mesh reliability and interconnection.
Page 142 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters The syntax is as follows: show ap bhrate ap-name (controller) > • show mesh neigh summary—Displays the link rate summary including the current rate being used in...
Page 143 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters AP1524SB provides you with better throughput, and throughput rarely degrades after the first hop. The performance of AP1524SB is better than AP1522 and AP1524PS because these APs have only a single radio for the backhaul uplink and downlink (see the figures below).
Page 144 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 145 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 146 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters Note With DRA, each hop uses the best possible data rate for the backhaul. The data rate can be changed on a per-AP basis. Figure 56: 1524SB TCP Downstream Rate Auto Figure 57: 1524 TCP Downstream (24 Mbps) Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3...
Page 147: Configuring Ethernet Bridging
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters Using 1552 802.11n provides you higher throughput and more capacity. It offers a very fat backhaul pipe Note to start with from the RAP. Figure 58: AP1552 Backhaul Throughput...
Page 148 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters You do not need to configure VLAN tagging to use Ethernet bridging for point-to-point and Note point-to-multipoint bridging deployments. 2 When you want to connect any Ethernet device such as a video camera on the MAP using its Ethernet port.
Page 149: Enabling Ethernet Bridging (Gui)
MAP1 (parent MAP), and on the RAP connecting to the controller. Configuring Bridge Group Names Bridge group names (BGNs) control the association of mesh access points. BGNs can logically group radios to avoid two networks on the same channel from communicating with each other. The setting is also useful if you have more than one RAP in your network in the same sector (area).
Page 150: Configuring Bridge Group Names (Cli)
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters If you have two RAPs in your network in the same sector (for more capacity), we recommend that you configure the two RAPs with the same BGN, but on different channels.
Page 151 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters • For the AP1524PS, the 4.9-GHz radio is independent of the 5-GHz radio and is not used for backhaul. The 5.8 GHz is used only for backhaul, and there is no client access possible on it. On the AP1524PS, the 4.9-GHz band is enabled by default.
Page 152: Configuring Interoperability With Cisco 3200
Wireless > Access Points > 802.11a radio > Configure (from the Antenna drop-down list) Configuring Interoperability with Cisco 3200 Cisco AP1522 and AP1524PS can interoperate with the Cisco 3200 on the public safety channel (4.9-GHz) as well as the 2.4-GHz access and 5.8-GHz backhaul.
Page 153 20 Universal access must be enabled on the AP1522 if connecting to a Cisco 3200 on the 802.11a radio or 4.9-GHz band. 21 Model c3201 is a Cisco 3200 with a 802.11b/g radio (2.4-GHz). 22 Model c3202 is a Cisco 3200 with a 4-9-GHz subband radio.
Page 154: Enabling Ap1522 To Associate With Cisco 3200 (Gui)
Select the Backhaul Client Access Enabled check box to allow wireless client association over the 802.11a radio. Click Apply. You are prompted with a message to allow reboot of all the mesh access points to enable Backhaul Client Access Note on a network.
Page 155: Configuring Power And Channel Settings
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Local Mesh Parameters Step 5 To verify your configuration, enter these commands: show mesh public-safety show mesh client-access show ap config 802.11a summary (1522 only) show ap config 802.11–a49 summary (1524PS only) Enter the show config 802.11-a58 summary command to display configuration details for a 5.8-GHz...
Page 156: Configuring The Channels On The Serial Backhaul (Cli)
2 txPower ap Cisco_RAPSB power Valid values are 1 through 5; the default value is 1. Step 3 To display the configurations on the mesh access points, enter these commands: • show mesh path MAP Information similar to the following appears:...
Page 157: Configuring Antenna Gain
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Antenna Gain • show ap channel MAP1SB Information similar to the following appears: 802.11b/g Current Channel ....11 Slot Id ........0 Allowed Channel List....... 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 802.11a(5.8Ghz) Current Channel ... 161 Slot Id ........
Page 158: Configuring Backhaul Channel Deselection (Gui)
MAPs and RAPs. Because 1524SB MAP channels are automatically assigned, this feature helps in regulating the set of channels that get assigned to mesh access points. For example, if you do not want channel 165 to get assigned to any of the 1524SB mesh access points, you need to remove channel 165 from the DCA list and enable this feature.
Page 159: Configuring Backhaul Channel Deselection (Cli)
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Backhaul Channel Deselection on Serial Backhaul Access Point Step 7 In the RF Backhaul Channel assignment section, choose Custom. Step 8 Select a channel for the RAP downlink radio from the drop-down list, which appears when you choose Custom.
Page 160 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Backhaul Channel Deselection on Serial Backhaul Access Point • To disable the 802.11a network, enter the following command: config 802.11a disable network • To enable the 802.11a network, enter the following command: config 802.11a enable network...
Page 161 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Backhaul Channel Deselection on Serial Backhaul Access Point The following is a sample output: config mesh backhaul dca-channels enable (Controller) > 802.11a 5 GHz Auto-RF: Allowed Channel List......36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,116, Enabling DCA channels for c1524 mesh APs will limit the channel set to the DCA channel list.
Page 162: Backhaul Channel Deselection Guidelines
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Backhaul Channel Deselection on Serial Backhaul Access Point Step 5 Enter the config slot slot number channel ap ap-name channel number command to assign a particular channel to the 1524 RAP downlink radio.
Page 163: Configuring Dynamic Channel Assignment
• Automatic—Causes the controller to periodically evaluate and, if necessary, update the channel assignment for all joined mesh access points. This is the default value. • Freeze—Causes the controller to evaluate and update the channel assignment for all joined mesh access points, if necessary, but only when you click Invoke Channel Update Once.
Page 164 The default value is checked. Step 7 Select the Avoid Cisco AP Load check box to cause the controller’s RRM algorithms to consider 802.11 traffic from Cisco lightweight access points in your wireless network when assigning channels, or deselect it to disable this feature.
Page 165: Configuring Advanced Features
Note 132, 136, and 140. If you have Cisco Aironet 1500 series mesh access points in the -E regulatory domain, you must include these channels in the DCA channel list before you start operation. If you are upgrading from a previous release, verify that these channels are included in the DCA channel list.
Page 166: Using The 2.4-Ghz Radio For Backhaul
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Using the 2.4-GHz Radio for Backhaul • Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure • Client Roaming • Configuring Voice Parameters in Indoor Mesh Networks • Enabling Mesh Multicast Containment for Video Using the 2.4-GHz Radio for Backhaul...
Page 167: Configuring Ethernet Vlan Tagging
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Ethernet VLAN Tagging The following message appears; Warning! Changing backhaul slot will bring down the mesh for renegotiation!!! After backhaul is changed, 5 GHz client access channels need to be changed manually Are you sure you want to continue? (y/N) Press y.
Page 168: Ethernet Port Notes
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Ethernet VLAN Tagging connection to a MAP. The video of all these cameras is then streamed across the wireless backhaul to a central command station on a wired network.
Page 169: Ethernet Vlan Tagging Guidelines
• For security reasons, the Ethernet port on a mesh access point (RAP and MAP) is disabled by default. It is enabled by configuring Ethernet bridging on the mesh access point port. • Ethernet bridging must be enabled on all the mesh access points in the mesh network to allow Ethernet VLAN tagging to operate.
Page 170: Vlan Registration
VLAN Registration To support a VLAN on a mesh access point, all the uplink mesh access points must also support the same VLAN to allow segregation of traffic that belongs to different VLANs. The activity by which an mesh access point communicates its requirements for a VLAN and gets response from a parent is known as VLAN registration.
Page 171: Enabling Ethernet Vlan Tagging (Gui)
VLAN. However, the configuration is stored for future attempts. Given the dynamic nature of mesh, another parent and its uplink mesh access points might be able to support it in the case of roaming or a CAPWAP reconnect.
Page 172: Configuring Ethernet Vlan Tagging (Cli)
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Ethernet VLAN Tagging Specify a native VLAN ID for incoming traffic. The native VLAN ID can be any value between 1 and 4095. Do not assign any value assigned to a user-VLAN (access).
Page 173: Workgroup Bridge Interoperability With Mesh Infrastructure
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure A workgroup bridge (WGB) is a small standalone unit that can provide a wireless infrastructure connection for Ethernet-enabled devices. Devices that do not have a wireless client adapter to connect to the wireless network can be connected to the WGB through the Ethernet port.
Page 174: Configuring Workgroup Bridges
• Multicast traffic is not reliably transmitted to WGB because no ACKs are returned by the client. Multicast traffic is unicast to infrastructure WGB, and ACKs are received back. • If one radio is configured as a WGB in a Cisco IOS access point, then the second radio cannot be a WGB or a repeater.
Page 175 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure • A WGB cannot associate with mesh access points if the WLAN is configured with WPA1 (TKIP) +WPA2 (AES), and the corresponding WGB interface is configured with only one of these encryptions...
Page 176 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure To view the status of a WGB client, follow these steps: Step 1 Choose Monitor > Clients. Step 2 On the client summary page, click on the MAC address of the client or search for the client using its MAC address.
Page 177: Guidelines For Configuration
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure • For a wired client, the page seen in Figure 69: Monitor > Clients > Detail Page (Wired WGB Client), on page 161 appears.
Page 178: Configuration Example
• We recommend using a 5-GHz radio for the uplink to Mesh AP infrastructure so you can take advantage of a strong client access on two 5-GHz radios available on mesh access points. A 5-GHz band allows more Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) and is less polluted. In a two-radio WGB, configure 5-GHz radio (radio 1) mode as WGB.
Page 179 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure A native VLAN is always mapped to bridge group 1 by default. For other VLANs, the Note bridge group number matches the VLAN number; for example, for VLAN 46, the bridge group is 46.
Page 180: Wgb Association Check
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure You can also use the GUI of an autonomous AP for configuration. From the GUI, subinterfaces are automatically created after the VLAN is defined.
Page 181 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure From the controller, choose Monitor > Clients. The WGB and the wireless/wired client behind the WGB are updated and the wireless/wired client are shown as the WGB client.
Page 182: Link Test Result
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure Link Test Result Figure 74: Link Test Results A link test can also be run from the controller CLI using the following command: linktest client mac-address (Cisco Controller) >...
Page 183: Wgb Wired/Wireless Client
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Workgroup Bridge Interoperability with Mesh Infrastructure WGB Wired/Wireless Client You can also use the following commands to know the summary of WGBs and clients associated with a Cisco lightweight access point: show wgb summary (Cisco Controller) >...
Page 184: Client Roaming
• Roam reason report—Enables Cisco CX v4 clients to report the reason why they roamed to a new access point. It also allows network administrators to build and monitor a roam history.
Page 185: Configuration Example
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network WGB Roaming Guidelines When you enable this setting, the WGB scans for a new parent association when it encounters a poor Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), excessive radio interference, or a high frame-loss percentage.
Page 186: Troubleshooting Tips
You can configure call admission control (CAC) and QoS on the controller to manage voice and video quality on the mesh network. The indoor mesh access points are 802.11e capable, and QoS is supported on the local 2.4-GHz access radio and the 5-GHz backhaul radio. CAC is supported on the backhaul and the CCXv4 clients (which provides CAC between the mesh access point and the client).
Page 187: Call Admission Control
CCXv3 ensures sufficient QoS as long as the wireless LAN is not congested. However, to maintain QoS under differing network loads, CAC in CCXv4 or later is required. CAC is supported in Cisco Compatible Extensions (CCX) v4 or later. See Chapter 6 of the Cisco Wireless Note LAN Controller Configuration Guide at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/controller/7.0/...
Page 188 • Based on VLAN • Based on dynamic registration of devices (IP phones) AP1500s, with Cisco controllers, provide a minimal integrated services capability at the controller, in which client streams have maximum bandwidth limits, and a more robust differentiated services (diffServ) capability based on the IP DSCP values and QoS WLAN overrides.
Page 189 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Voice Parameters in Indoor Mesh Networks All backhaul frames are treated identically, regardless of whether they are MAP to MAP, RAP to MAP, or MAP to RAP. Figure 76: Encapsulating Mesh Traffic...
Page 190 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Voice Parameters in Indoor Mesh Networks UP (outer) from 802.1p UP incoming and the WLAN default priority ceiling. Frames with VLAN ID 0 are not tagged. Figure 77: Controller to RAP Path For CAPWAP control traffic the IP DSCP value is set to 46, and the 802.1p user priority is set to 7.
Page 191 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Voice Parameters in Indoor Mesh Networks DSCP Value Backhaul Queue 26, 32 to 45, 47 Gold 46, 48 to 63 Platinum All others including 0 Silver If the client is not a WMM client, the WLAN override (as configured at the controller) determines the 802.11e queue (bronze, gold, platinum, or silver), on which the packet is transmitted.
Page 192: Guidelines For Using Voice On The Mesh Network
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Voice Parameters in Indoor Mesh Networks All wired client traffic is restricted to a maximum 802.1p UP value of 5, except DHCP/DNS and ARP packets, which go through the platinum queue.
Page 193 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Configuring Voice Parameters in Indoor Mesh Networks • When voice is operating on a mesh network, calls must not traverse more than two hops. Each sector must be configured to require no more than two hops for voice.
Page 194: Voice Call Support In A Mesh Network
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Voice Call Support in a Mesh Network ◦ Disable voice active detection (VAD). Voice Call Support in a Mesh Network Table 38: Calls Possible with 1520 Series in 802.11a and 802.11b/g Radios, on page 178 shows the actual calls in a clean, ideal environment.
Page 195: Viewing The Voice Details For Mesh Networks (Cli)
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Voice Call Support in a Mesh Network MOS rating User satisfaction Some users dissatisfied Many users dissatisfied < 2.58 — Viewing the Voice Details for Mesh Networks (CLI) Use the commands in this section to view details on voice and video calls on the mesh network: Figure 79: Mesh Network Example •...
Page 196 When the radio type is the same, the backhaul bandwidth utilization (bw used/max) at Note each hop is identical. For example, mesh access points map1, map2, map3, and rap1 are all on the same radio backhaul (802.11a) and are using the same bandwidth (3048).
Page 197 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Voice Call Support in a Mesh Network Each call received by a mesh access point radio causes the appropriate calls summary Note column to increment by one. For example, if a call is received on the 802.11b/g radio on map2, then a value of one is added to the existing value in that radio’s calls column.
Page 198: Enabling Mesh Multicast Containment For Video
Enabling Mesh Multicast Containment for Video You can use the controller CLI to configure three mesh multicast modes to manage video camera broadcasts on all mesh access points. When enabled, these modes reduce unnecessary multicast transmissions within the mesh network and conserve backhaul bandwidth.
Page 199: Enabling Multicast On The Mesh Network (Cli)
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network IGMP Snooping partition your network to ensure that a multicast sent by one RAP is not received by another RAP on the same Ethernet segment and then sent back into the network.
Page 200: Locally Significant Certificates For Mesh Aps
After these customer-generated or locally significant certificates (LSCs) are present on the APs and controllers, the devices start using these LSCs, to join, authenticate, and derive a session key. Cisco supported normal APs from the 5.2 release and later releases and extended the support for mesh APs as well from the 7.0 release.
Page 201: Differences Between Lscs For Mesh Aps And Normal Aps
Mesh APs use a statically configured dot1x profile to authenticate. This profile is hardcoded to use "cisco" as the certificate issuer. This profile needs to be made configurable so that vendor certificates can be used for mesh authentication (enter the config local-auth eap-profile cert-issuer vendor "prfMaP1500LlEAuth93"...
Page 202 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Locally Significant Certificates for Mesh APs To get the certificates for LSC, follow these steps: Step 1 Go to the CA server (http://<ip address of caserver/crtsrv) and login. Step 2 Get the CA certificate as follows: a) Click the Download a CA certificate link, certificate chain, or CRF.
Page 203: Configuring A Locally Significant Certificate (Cli)
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Locally Significant Certificates for Mesh APs Configuring a Locally Significant Certificate (CLI) To configure a locally significant certificate (LSC), follow these steps: Step 1 Enable LSC and provision the LSC CA certificate in the controller.
Page 204 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Locally Significant Certificates for Mesh APs Step 4 Connect the mesh AP through Ethernet and provision for an LSC certificate. Step 5 Let the mesh AP get a certificate and join the controller using the LSC certificate.
Page 205: Lsc-Related Commands
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Locally Significant Certificates for Mesh APs LSC-Related Commands The following commands are related to LSCs: • config certificate lsc {enable | disable} ◦ enable—To enable an LSC on the system.
Page 206 • config certificate lsc ra-cert {add | delete} We recommend this command when the CA server is a Cisco IOS CA server. The controller can use the RA to encrypt the certificate requests and make communication more secure. RA certificates are not currently supported by other external CA servers, such as MSFT.
Page 207: Controller Gui Security Settings
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Locally Significant Certificates for Mesh APs Controller GUI Security Settings Although the settings are not directly related to the feature, it might help you in achieving the desired behavior with respect to APs provisioned with an LSC.
Page 208: Deployment Guidelines
Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network Locally Significant Certificates for Mesh APs Deployment Guidelines • When using local authorization, the controller should be installed with the vendor's CA and device certificate. • When using an external AAA server, the controller should be installed with the vendor’s CA and device certificate.
Page 209: Chapter 6 Checking The Health Of The Network
Show mesh configurations. secondary-backhaul Show mesh secondary-backhaul ids-state Show mesh ids-state client-access Show mesh backhaul with client access. public-safety Show mesh public safety. background-scanning Show mesh background-scanning state. Show mesh cac. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 210: Viewing General Mesh Network Details
----------------- ---------------- ---- ----------------- LAP1520 00:0b:85:63:8a:10 00:0b:85:63:8a:10 0 LAP1520 00:0b:85:7b:c1:e0 00:0b:85:7b:c1:e0 1 AIR-LAP1522AG-A-K9 00:1a:a2:ff:f9:00 00:1b:d4:a6:f4:60 1 Number of Mesh APs....... 3 Number of RAP........2 Number of MAP........1 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 211: Viewing Mesh Access Point Details
RF connectivity by seeing the SNR values for every link. • show mesh ap tree—Displays mesh access points within a tree structure (hierarchy). show mesh ap tree (Cisco Controller) >...
Page 212: Viewing Global Mesh Parameter Settings
Rogue Entry Timeout (seconds)....1300 AP Heart Beat Timeout (seconds)....30 AP Discovery Timeout (seconds)....10 AP Primary Discovery Timeout (seconds)... 120 • show ap slots—Displays slot information for mesh access points. show ap slots (Cisco Controller) > Number of APs........3...
Page 213: Viewing Bridge Group Settings
Channel 104 detects radar and is unusable (Time Elapsed: 0 day(s), 0 hour(s), 47 minute(s), 6 second(s)). Channel is set to 120 (Time Elapsed: 0 day(s), 0 hour(s), 47 minute(s), 6 second(s)). Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 214: Viewing Public Safety Setting
Association Successes 0 Authentication Failures 0 Authentication Timeouts 0 Authentication Successes 0 Re-Association Failures 0 Re-Association Timeouts 0 Re-Association Successes 0 Re-Authentication Failures 0 Re-Authentication Timeouts 0 Re-Authentication Successes 0 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 215: Viewing Mesh Statistics For A Mesh Access Point
It also displays a variety of mesh statistics for this mesh access point. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 216 The number of unicast and broadcast requests sent to the neighbor mesh access points. Tx Neighbor Responses The number of responses sent to the neighbor mesh access points. Parent Changes Count The number of times a mesh access point (child) moves to another parent.
Page 217 The number of unknown association requests received by the parent Requests mesh access point from its child. The unknown association requests often occur when a child is an unknown neighbor mesh access point. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 218: Viewing Mesh Statistics For An Mesh Access Point (Cli)
-------------------------- Unknown Association Requests 0 Invalid Association Requests 0 Unknown Re-Authentication Requests 0 Invalid Re-Authentication Requests 0 Unknown Re-Association Requests 0 Invalid Re-Association Requests 0 Unknown Re-Association Requests 0 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 219: Viewing Neighbor Statistics For A Mesh Access Point
To perform a link test between the mesh access point and its parent or children, follow these steps: a) Hover the mouse over the blue drop-down arrow of the parent or desired child and choose LinkTest. A pop-up window appears. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 220: Viewing The Neighbor Statistics For A Mesh Access Point (Cli)
Step 4 To view the details for any of the mesh access points on this page, follow these steps: a) Hover the mouse over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired mesh access point and choose Details. The All APs >...
Page 221 Total Packets transmitted: 0 Total Packets transmitted successfully: 0 Total Packets retried for transmission: 0 Note Packet error rate percentage = 1 – (number of successfully transmitted packets/number of total packets transmitted). Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 222 Checking the Health of the Network Viewing the Neighbor Statistics for a Mesh Access Point (CLI) Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 223: Troubleshooting
Step 3 On the controller CLI, enter the show mesh ap summary command to see all MAPs and RAPs on the controller. Figure 83: Show Mesh AP Summary Page Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 224: Debug Commands
If the mesh access points were previously connected to a controller, they already have learned a controller’s name.
Page 225: Remote Debug Commands
Once you have a successful login, the trap is sent to the Cisco Prime Infrastructure. If a user fails to log on three times consecutively, login failure traps are sent to the controller and Cisco Prime Infrastructure.
Page 226: Cable Modem Serial Port Access From An Ap
UART interface. The cable modem interprets the text string as one of its own commands. The cable modem response is captured and displayed on the Cisco IOS console. Up to 9600 characters are displayed from the cable modem. Any text that is greater than 4800 characters is truncated.
Page 227 AP console. Figure 85: Cable Modem Console Access Command Figure 86: Cable Modem Console Access Command Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 228: Mesh Access Point Cli Commands
The question mark (?) and the exclamation point (!) should not be used in the send cmodem command. Caution These characters have immediate interpreted use in the Cisco IOS CLI. Therefore, they cannot be sent to the modem. Mesh Access Point CLI Commands...
Page 229: Mesh Access Point Debug Commands
You can change this configuration on the mesh access point by statically setting them as rooftop access points or mesh access points with the config ap role {rootAP | mesh AP | default} command: Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3...
Page 230: Backhaul Algorithm
RAP being converted is disconnected before the MAP starts up so that the MAP can join over the air. Backhaul Algorithm A backhaul is used to create only the wireless connection between mesh access points. The backhaul interface by default is 802.11a. You cannot change the backhaul interface to 802.11b/g.
Page 231: Passive Beaconing (Anti-Stranding)
Deployed mesh access points constantly look for stranded mesh access points. Periodically, mesh access points send a list of stranded mesh access points and SNR information to the controller. The controller maintains a list of the stranded mesh access points within its network.
Page 232: Dynamic Frequency Selection
Dynamic Frequency Selection End-user commands are as follows: • config mesh astools [enable | disable]—Enables or disables the astools on the mesh access points. If disabled, APs no longer sends a stranded AP list to the controller. • show mesh astools stats—Shows the list of stranded APs and their listeners if they have any.
Page 233: Dfs In Map
Instead, the MAP reenters the SCAN state and searches on nonradar seen channels for a new parent. Note Ensure that none of your mesh access points are using a default BGN. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 234: Preparation In A Dfs Environment
• Debug commands to see radar detection and past radar detections on the DFS channel are as follows: show mesh dfs channel channel-number show mesh dfs history Information similar to the following appears. ap1520-rap # show mesh dfs channel 132 Channel 132 is available Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 235: Monitoring Dfs
After the 30 minute quiet period, the controller returns the mesh access point to the static value, regardless of whether the mesh access point has Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 236: Good Signal-To-Noise Ratios
(30.48 meters) feet of horizontal separation. Check Packet Error Rate Mesh access points that have an high error rate, greater than 1 percent, should have mitigation applied to them, by changing the channels for noise and interference, adding additional mesh access points in the transmission path, moving the mesh access points to different sectors, or adding additional mesh access points.
Page 237 Cisco Prime Infrastructure. Such a mesh access point behaves as a normal (nonmesh) access point and accepts any client, other mesh nodes as its children, and it passes any data traffic through.
Page 238: Misconfiguration Of The Mesh Access Point Ip Address
When you are manually allocating IP addresses, we recommend that you make IP addressing changes from the furthest mesh access point child first and then work your way back to the RAP. This recommendation also Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 239: Misconfiguration Of Dhcp
• A node ping-pongs between a few honeypots or circles between many honeypots (in worst-case scenarios). Cisco mesh software resolves this difficult scenario by using a sophisticated node exclusion-listing algorithm. This node exclusion-listing algorithm uses an exponential backoff and advance technique much like the TCP sliding window or 802.11 MAC.
Page 240 Bridging Information page. A message is also displayed the first-time an exclusion-listed neighbor is seen. In a subsequent software release, an SNMP trap is generated on the controller for this condition so that Cisco Prime Infrastructure can record the occurrence. Figure 89: Excluded Neighbor Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3...
Page 241: Throughput Analysis
RAP, could get 5 Mbps each of TPUT, but consume 40 Mbps of the backhaul capacity. With the Cisco Mesh solution, the per-hop latency is less than 10 msecs, and the typical latency numbers per hop range from 1 to 3 msecs. Overall jitter is also less than 3 msecs.
Page 242 226. Any data packet that is longer than 1394 bytes is also fragmented by the controller, which results in up to a 15-percent throughput decrease. Figure 90: CAPWAP Tunneled Packets Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 243: Managing Mesh Access Points With Cisco Prime Infrastructure
Viewing AP Last Reboot Reason, page 257 Adding Campus Maps, Outdoor Areas, and Buildings with Cisco Prime Infrastructure For mesh networks, maps and items on those maps (buildings and mesh access points) are added to Cisco Prime Infrastructure in the following order: Step 1 Add a campus map.
Page 244: Adding Campus Maps
You do not need a map to add an outdoor area. You can simply define the dimensions of the area to add it to Note the database. The map can be any size because Cisco Prime Infrastructure automatically resizes the map to fit the workspace.
Page 245: Adding A Building To A Campus Map
Horizontal Span and Vertical Span parameters of the outdoor area change to match your actions. e) Click Place to put the outdoor area on the campus map. Cisco Prime Infrastructure creates an outdoor area rectangle scaled to the size of the campus map.
Page 246: Adding Mesh Access Points To Maps With Cisco Prime Infrastructure
Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco Prime Infrastructure Adding Mesh Access Points to Maps with Cisco Prime Infrastructure e) Click Place to put the building on the campus map. Cisco Prime Infrastructure creates a building rectangle scaled to the size of the campus map.
Page 247 Step 7 Click Save to store the mesh access point locations and orientations. Cisco Prime Infrastructure computes the RF prediction for the coverage area. These RF predictions are popularly known as heat maps because they show the relative intensity of the RF signals on the coverage area map.
Page 248: Monitoring Mesh Access Points Using Google Earth
Figure 92: RF Prediction Heat Map Monitoring Mesh Access Points Using Google Earth Cisco Prime Infrastructure supports both Google Earth Map Plus or Pro and displays, when present, mesh access points and their links. Launching Google Earth in Cisco Prime Infrastructure Cisco Prime Infrastructure supports both Google Earth Map Plus or Pro and displays, when present, mesh access points and their links.
Page 249: Viewing Google Earth Maps
Step 3 Click Launch for the map you want to view. Google Earth opens in a separate window and displays the location and its mesh access points. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 250 Figure 94: Google Earth Map Page Step 4 Click Launch for the map you want to view. Google Earth opens in a separate window and displays the location and its mesh access points. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 251 You can download Google Earth from Google’s website. Figure 95: Google Earth Map With Mesh Access Point Details Figure 96: Google Earth Map With Mesh Link Details Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 252: Adding Indoor Mesh Access Points To Cisco Prime Infrastructure
You have a choice of ordering indoor access points directly into the bridge mode, so that these access points can be used directly as mesh access points. If you have these access points in a local mode (nonmesh), then you have to connect these access points to the controller and change the radio role to the bridge mode (mesh).
Page 253: Managing Mesh Access Points With Cisco Prime Infrastructure
Monitor > Maps display. To view details on a specific mesh link between two mesh access points or a mesh access point and a root access point, follow these steps: Step 1 In Cisco Prime Infrastructure, choose Monitor >...
Page 254: Monitoring Mesh Access Points Using Maps
• Backhaul interface • Data Rate • Channel This information is in addition to the information shown for all mesh access points Note (MAC address, mesh access point model, controller IP address, location, height of mesh access point, mesh access point up time, and CAPWAP up time).
Page 255: Monitoring Mesh Access Point Neighbors Using Maps
Choose the General tab to view the overall configuration of the mesh access point such as AP name, MAC address, AP Up time, associated controllers (registered and primary) operational status, and software version. The software version for mesh access points is appended the letter m and the word mesh in parentheses. Note b) Choose the Interface tab to view configuration details for the interfaces supported on the mesh access point.
Page 256: Monitoring Mesh Health
(5 minutes). You can modify these default values. Monitoring Mesh Health Mesh Health monitors the overall health of outdoor and indoor mesh access points, except as noted. Tracking this environmental information is particularly critical for mesh access points that are deployed outdoors. The following factors are monitored: •...
Page 257 Channel Number Indicates the channel on which the Cisco radio is broadcasting. Controller Port Indicates the number of controller ports. Node Hops Indicates the number of hops between access point. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 258: Viewing Mesh Statistics For A Mesh Access Point
Mesh Statistics are reported when a child mesh access point authenticates or associates with a parent mesh access point. Security entries are removed and no longer displayed when the child mesh access point disassociates from the controller. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 259 The Mesh Link Alarms and Mesh Link Events links are accessible from each of the three tabbed panels. Note You can also access the Mesh Securities panel for a mesh access point from a Cisco Prime Infrastructure map. To display the panel, click the arrow portion of the mesh access point label.
Page 260 Platinum Queue The average and peak number of packets waiting in the platinum (voice) queue during the defined statistics time interval. Packets dropped and queue size are also summarized. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 261 This state might occur when the selected child is a valid neighbor but is not in a state that allows association. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 262 Summarizes the total number of unknown association requests received by the parent mesh access point from its child. The unknown association requests often occur when a child is an unknown neighbor mesh access point. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 263: Viewing The Mesh Network Hierarchy
Select the AP Mesh Info check box if it is not already checked. Note The AP Mesh Info check box can be selected only if mesh access points are present on the map. It must be checked to view the mesh hierarchy.
Page 264: Using Mesh Filters To Modify Map Display Of Maps And Mesh Links
Using Mesh Filters to Modify Map Display of Maps and Mesh Links In the mesh hierarchical page, you can also define mesh filters to determine which mesh access points display on the map based on hop values as well as what labels display for mesh links.
Page 265 Note values simultaneously. Step 2 To modify which mesh access points display based on the number of hops between them and their parents, do the following: In the Mesh Parent-Child Hierarchical View, click the Quick Selections drop-down list. Select the appropriate option from the list.
Page 266: Monitoring Workgroup Bridges
Note You can also select or deselect the check boxes of mesh access points in the mesh hierarchical view to modify which mesh access points are displayed. For a child access point to be visible, the parent access point to root access point must be selected.
Page 267: Multiple Vlan And Qos Support For Wgb Wired Clients
MAC address. The WLC treats the WGB client as a VLAN client and forwards the packet in the right VLAN interface based on the source MAC address. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 268: Workgroup Bridge Guidelines
184. SSID is auto-wgb mapped to native VLAN 184. Radio 1 (5 GHz) radio is used to connect to the CAPWAP infrastructure using this SSID. config t workgroup-bridge unified-VLAN-client ap(config)# Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 269: Workgroup Bridge Output
Workgroup Bridge Output Enter the following command: sh bridge WGB# Total of 300 station blocks, 292 free Codes: P - permanent, S - self Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 270 TX count 0023.049a.0b12 forward Fa0.184 0016.c75d.b48f forward Fa0.184 0021.91f8.e9ae forward Fa0.184 0017.59ff.47c2 forward Vi0.184 0021.5504.07b5 forward Fa0.184 0021.1c7b.38e0 forward ViO.184 Bridge Group 185: 0016.c75d.b48f forward Fa0.185 001e.5831.c74a forward Fa0.185 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 271: Wgb Detail On Controller
MAC Address IP Address AP Name Mobility WLAN Auth 00:16:c7:5d:b4:8f Unknown c1240 Local 00:21:91:f8:e9:ae 209.165.200.232 c1240 Local 00:21:55:04:07:b5 209.165.200.234 c1240 Local 00:1e:58:31:c7:4a 209.165.200.236 c1240 Local 00:23:04:9a:0b:12 Unknown c1240 Local Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 272: Troubleshooting Tips
• If required, clear the bridge entry using the clear bridge command (remember that this command will remove all the wired and wireless clients associated with the WGB and make them associated again). • Ensure that the WGB has not exceeded its 20-client limitation. Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 273: Viewing Ap Last Reboot Reason
Viewing AP Last Reboot Reason Viewing AP Last Reboot Reason Cisco Prime Infrastructure reports the reason for the most recent reboot on the general panel of the access point details page (Monitor > Access Points > AP Name). Listed below is a summary of each of the possible Last Reboot Reasons that might be reported and its definition: •...
Page 274 Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco Prime Infrastructure Viewing AP Last Reboot Reason Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01...
Page 275 Access Point Deployment Recommendations Advisor Indoor Mesh Access Points Licensing Modes of Operation ClientLink Technology 55, 58 Related Commands configuring ClientLink (CLI) LED Status Controller Planning Monitoring LinkSNR Requirements 52, 53 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 OL-27593-01 IN-1...
Page 276 Wireless Backhaul Data Rate Preferred Parent 68, 69 Wireless Bridging Configuring Point-to-Multipoint Selection Criteria Point-to-Point Pseudo MAC and Merging Wireless Software Compatibility Matrix Workgroup Bridges Monitoring WPlus License Range Calculator AP1522 Cisco Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 7.3 IN-2 OL-27593-01...

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Cisco Mesh Access Points Deployment Manual

CHAPTER 1 Meshnetworkcomponents

CHAPTER 2 Mesh Deployment Modes

CHAPTER 3 Design Considerations

CHAPTER 4 Site Preparation and Planning

CHAPTER 5 Connecting the Cisco 1500 Series Mesh Access Points to the Network

Chapter 6 Checking the Health of the Network

CHAPTER 7 Troubleshooting

CHAPTER 8 Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco Prime Infrastructure

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Summary of Contents for Cisco Mesh Access Points