Keysight Technologies X Series Measurement Manual
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Keysight Technologies X Series Measurement Manual

Signal analyzers, emi receiver
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Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers
This manual provides documentation for the following models: PXA Signal
Analyzer N9030A
MXA Signal Analyzer N9020A
EXA Signal Analyzer N9010A
CXA Signal Analyzer N9000A
MXE EMI Receiver N9038A
N6141A & W6141A
EMI Receiver
Measurement
Application
Measurement Guide

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Summary of Contents for Keysight Technologies X Series

  • Page 1 Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers This manual provides documentation for the following models: PXA Signal Analyzer N9030A MXA Signal Analyzer N9020A EXA Signal Analyzer N9010A CXA Signal Analyzer N9000A MXE EMI Receiver N9038A N6141A & W6141A EMI Receiver Measurement Application Measurement Guide...
  • Page 2 TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL. extent that those terms, rights, or licenses are explicitly required Technology Licenses © Keysight Technologies, Inc. from all providers of commercial 2008-2015 computer software pursuant to The hardware and/or software No part of this manual may be...
  • Page 3 Where to Find the Latest Information Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about these products, including instrument software upgrades, application information, and product information, browse to one of the following URLs, according to the name of your product: http://www.keysight.com/find/pxa http://www.keysight.com/find/mxa http://www.keysight.com/find/exa...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Contents Table of Contents 1. About the EMI Receiver Measurement Application The Role of Precompliance in the Product Development Cycle ......9 Compliance Measurements .
  • Page 6 Contents D:.Detectors Used in EMI Measurements Peak Detector ............. .73 Quasi-peak Detector .

  • Page 7: About The Emi Receiver Measurement Application

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide About the EMI Receiver Measurement Application This book provides information on using the EMI Receiver Mode in your MXE EMI Receiver or your X-Series Signal Analyzer. The MXE EMI Receiver allows you to make fully CISPR compliant measurements.
  • Page 8 About the EMI Receiver Measurement Application — Monitor Spectrum (IF Mode) Measurement — APD (Amplitude Probability Distribution) Measurement — Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurement Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 9: The Role Of Precompliance In The Product Development Cycle

    About the EMI Receiver Measurement Application The Role of Precompliance in the Product Development Cycle The Role of Precompliance in the Product Development Cycle To ensure successful electromagnetic interference (EMI) compliance testing, precompliance testing has been added to the development cycle. In precompliance testing, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance is evaluated from design through production units.
  • Page 10 About the EMI Receiver Measurement Application Compliance Measurements Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 11: Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples Conducted emissions testing focuses on emissions that are conducted along a power line that are generated by the device under test (DUT). The transducer that is typically used to couple the emissions of the power line to the EMI Receiver is a line impedance stabilization network (LISN).

  • Page 12: Making Conducted Emission Measurements

    Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples Making Conducted Emission Measurements Making Conducted Emission Measurements Before connecting a signal to the MXE receiver, make sure the instrument can safely accept the signal level provided. The signal level limits are marked next to the RF Input connectors on the front panel.
  • Page 13 Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples Making Conducted Emission Measurements Step Action Notes 5. Load Quasi-peak limit line Recall Data Limit, The limit line will be turned on after a. Press loading, If no data exists for Trace 1, the Limit, Select Limit, Limit Limit Line will not display.
  • Page 14 Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples Making Conducted Emission Measurements Step Action Notes Meas Setup 7. Change EMI Average detector a. Press to compare to Limit Line 2 Detectors (Measure) Detector Detector b. Select A dialog box may appear, Press Limit for Δ Limit 2 Enter Changing limit for delta...
  • Page 15 Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples Making Conducted Emission Measurements Step Action Notes 11. Stop the scan Stop a. Press Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 16 Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples Making Conducted Emission Measurements Running Frequency Scan Step Action Notes 1. Turn on the DUT a. Configure the LISN and DUT. b. Turn the DUT on. 2. Set Up Connect the DUT and LISN, to the EMI Receiver Ensure that the power cord as shown below: between the DUT and the LISN is...
  • Page 17 Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples Making Conducted Emission Measurements Step Action Notes Adding signals to the signal list Step Action Notes 1. Clear any existing signal Meas Setup Signal List a. Press list Delete Signals Delete All Meas Setup Scan. 2. Switch to search a.
  • Page 18 Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples Making Conducted Emission Measurements Step Action Notes Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 19 Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples Making Conducted Emission Measurements Measuring the Quasi-peak and average values of the signals Step Action Notes 1. Perform a Re-measure on Meas Setup Scan. a. Press all signals in the list Sequence (Re)measure, (Re)measure All Signals Sweep/Control Start 2.
  • Page 20 Conducted Emissions Measurement Examples Making Conducted Emission Measurements Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 21: Radiated Emissions Measurement Examples

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide Radiated Emissions Measurement Examples Radiated emissions measurements are not as straightforward as conducted emissions measurements. There is the added complexity of the ambient environment, which could interfere with measuring the emissions from the device under test (DUT).

  • Page 22: Making Radiated Emission Measurements

    Radiated Emissions Measurement Examples Making Radiated Emission Measurements Making Radiated Emission Measurements Before connecting a signal to the MXE receiver, make sure the instrument can safely accept the signal level provided. The signal level limits are marked next to the RF Input connectors on the front panel.
  • Page 23 Radiated Emissions Measurement Examples Making Radiated Emission Measurements Step Action Notes 2. Turn on the a. Press the front-panel power instrument. key. Mode, EMI receive 3. Select the EMI mode. This is the default mode. a. Press Meas Setup Scan 4.
  • Page 24 Radiated Emissions Measurement Examples Making Radiated Emission Measurements Step Action Notes Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 25 Radiated Emissions Measurement Examples Making Radiated Emission Measurements Running Frequency Scan Step Action Notes 1. Clear any existing Meas Setup a. Press signal list Signal List Delete Signals Delete All 2. Turn on the DUT and a. Turn the DUT on. start frequency scan Meas Setup Scan...
  • Page 26 Radiated Emissions Measurement Examples Making Radiated Emission Measurements Adding signals to the list Step Action Notes 1. Set the search criteria Meas Setup More 1 of 2 This is the default value. a. Press to peak criteria and Limits Search Criteria Peak limits Criteria and Limits.
  • Page 27 Radiated Emissions Measurement Examples Making Radiated Emission Measurements Measuring the Quasi-peak and average values of the signals Step Action Notes 1. Measure remaining Meas Setup Scan a. Press signals Sequence (Re)measure All Signals (Re)measure Sweep/Control Start b. Press 2. Review the measurement results Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 28 Radiated Emissions Measurement Examples Making Radiated Emission Measurements Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 29: Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements The following topics are in this section: “Overview” on page 30 “Making a Measurement” on page 31 “Quick Reference to Menus” on page 38 “Setup Table Menu Features” on page 40...

  • Page 30: Overview

    Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Overview Overview A broad range of commercially-available electronic devices exhibit intermittent operation that generates impulsive (or discontinuous) radiated and conducted disturbances. Common examples of these devices are washing machines, refrigerators, thermostats, motor-operated apparati, and automatic dispensing machines.

  • Page 31: Making A Measurement

    Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Making a Measurement Making a Measurement Setting up a Click measurement Step Action Notes 1. Turn on the receiver a. Press the front-panel power key. 2. Test Set Up a. Configure the Device Under Test (DUT) b.
  • Page 32 Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Making a Measurement Step Action Notes From this display you can: —View the status of a data collection in progress. —Access the navigation and editing features of the disturbance list. —Access the measurement setup table Setup Table 4.
  • Page 33 Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Making a Measurement Setting up the Disturbance Analyzer measurement The Click measurement can be set up using either the Setup Table screen, the menu keys or a combination of both. The following procedure guides you through the measurement using the menu keys. Step Action Notes...
  • Page 34 Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Making a Measurement Step Action Notes Limit “Limit” on page 40 3. If a manual limit a. Press to select For more information see choice is desired and enter the desired value using the numeric keypad. b.
  • Page 35 Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Making a Measurement Step Action Notes Click Count to “Click Count” on 7. If desired, set the a. Press For more information see number of clicks as a select On. page 41 limit for data b. Enter the desired value collection using the numeric keypad Enter...
  • Page 36 Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Making a Measurement Step Action Notes Final analysis 11. Create a report Save Data Meas a. Press Result To edit each of the header elements, press the associated softkey and type in your information using either a keyboard or the built-in text editor.
  • Page 37 Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Making a Measurement Step Action Notes Return, Save As. 12. Save the report a. Press b. Enter the filename and location into the Save dialog box. Save c. Press 13. Return to Meas Setup. a. Press Measurement screen Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 38: Quick Reference To Menus

    Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Quick Reference to Menus Quick Reference to Menus Disturbance List Menu Navigation Menu Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 39 Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Quick Reference to Menus Sort Disturbance Menu Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 40: Setup Table Menu Features

    Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Setup Table Menu Features Setup Table Menu Features Frequency CISPR 14 requires that discontinuous disturbance measurements be made at 4 frequencies: 150kHz, 500kHz, 1.4 MHz and 30 MHz. The MXE allows you to select these default frequencies or to enter a non-standard measurement frequency.
  • Page 41 Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Setup Table Menu Features Click Rate The click rate (N) is the key metric used to determine the click limit Lq. The click rate is determined by counting the number of clicks per minute. The determination of N is based on whether you are using continuous operation or switching cycles to collect clicks.
  • Page 42 Disturbance Analyzer (Click) Measurements Setup Table Menu Features Factor f For certain types of products that must be cycled to emit discontinuous disturbances (rather than run continuously), CISPR 14-1 requires users to operate the product over enough cycles to product 40 clicks. Factor f is used to calculate the click rate for these types of devices.

  • Page 43: Apd (Amplitude Probability Distribution) Measurements

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide APD (Amplitude Probability Distribution) Measurements The following topics are in this section: “Overview” on page 44 “Making a Measurement” on page 45...

  • Page 44: Overview

    APD (Amplitude Probability Distribution) Measurements Overview Overview CISPR (Comite International Special des Perturbations Radioelectriques) introduces Amplitude Probability Distribution measurement (APD) in Amendment 1:2005 to CISPR 16-1-1:2003 as a new weighting method to accurately determine the electromagnetic disturbance emitted by electrical appliances or equipment, which degrade the performance of digital communication system, especially the impact of impulsive disturbances on the system.

  • Page 45: Making A Measurement

    See the AMPTD Y Scale menu for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the receiver. This measurement requires Option DP2 or Option B40 on the X series analyzers, or requires Option DP2 on the MXE. Step...
  • Page 46 APD (Amplitude Probability Distribution) Measurements Making a Measurement Step Action Notes Meas Time 5. Adjust other a. Press to change the parameters for your measuring time test Signal List b. Press to mark, delete or sort the signal under test Measure c.

  • Page 47: Saving Data

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide Saving Data The following topics are in this section: “Overview” on page 48 “Export Data Menu Details” on page 49 “Data file examples” on page 50...

  • Page 48: Overview

    Saving Data Overview Overview Saving Data (Data Export) stores data from the current measurement to mass storage files. The Export Menu only contains data types that are supported by the current measurement. The following graphics displays the Save Data menu for the EMI Receiver Mode.
  • Page 49 Saving Data Overview Export Data Menu Details Amplitude Correction A Corrections Data File contains a copy of one of the receiver correction tables. Corrections provide a way to adjust the trace display for predetermined gain curves. There are 6 Corrections available for the Mode. Once a correction is selected, the key returns back to the Export Data menu and the selected Correction number is annotated on the key.
  • Page 50 Saving Data Overview Data file examples Most of the files are text files in .csv (comma separated values) form, to make them importable into Excel or other spreadsheet programs. The data follows the DATA row, as comma separated X, Y pairs; one pair per line. Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 51: Correction Data File

    Saving Data Overview Correction Data File The file will look like the following example: Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 52: Trace Data Files

    Saving Data Overview Trace Data Files Frequency Scan Trace Data File Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 53 Saving Data Overview Strip Chart Trace Data File Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 54 Saving Data Overview Monitor Spectrum (IF Mode) Trace Data File Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 55 Saving Data Overview APD Trace Data File Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 56: Limit Data Files

    Saving Data Overview Strip Chart Trace Data File Limit Data Files .csv file format The Amplitude Unit line in the limits file may contain an antenna factor unit, for example: Amplitude Unit=dBuV/m Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 57 Saving Data Overview Antenna factor units are dBuV/m, dBuA/m, dBpT, and dBG. In this case, the unit is treated exactly as though it were dBuV, meaning that all of the limits are interpreted to have units of dBuV. The box does NOT change Y Axis Units when such a limit is loaded in.

  • Page 58: Signal List Data Files

    Saving Data Overview Signal List Data Files Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 59: Scan Table Data File

    Saving Data Overview Scan Table Data File Meas Results Data Files The keys correspond to the sections in the Meas Results Contents form as shown below: Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 60 Saving Data Overview Trace This key/section enables you to customize the trace related information to be added to the report. You can also select whether settings and Trace data will be part of the output by turning the selections On or Off. Amptd Corr This key/section enables you to choose whether to show only the file name and description or the Amplitude Correction complete data by turning the...
  • Page 61 Saving Data Overview Signal List This key/selection enables you to choose whether or not to show the Signal List information in the report. Output Format This key/selection enables you to select the output format of Measurement Results. If the Output Format is set to HTML, a .html file will be saved and a directory that contains the .png file for the screen image will be created.
  • Page 62 Saving Data Overview Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 63: A:.line Impedance Stabilization Networks (Lisn)

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide Line Impedance Stabilization Networks (LISN) A line impedance stabilization network serves three purposes: 1. The LISN isolates the power mains from the device under test. the power supplied to the DUT must be as clean a possible. Any noise on the line will be coupled to the EMI Receiver and interpreted as noise generated by the 2.

  • Page 64: Lisn Operation

    Line Impedance Stabilization Networks (LISN) LISN Operation LISN Operation The following graphic shows a typical LISN circuit diagram for one side of the line relative to earth ground. The chart represents the impedance of the DUT port versus frequency. The 1 μF in combination with the 50 μH inductor is the filter that isolates the mains from the DUT.

  • Page 65: Types Of Lisns

    Line Impedance Stabilization Networks (LISN) Types of LISNs Types of LISNs The most common type of LISN is the V-LISN. It measures the unsymmetric voltage between line and ground. This is done for both the hot and the neutral lines or for a three phase circuit in a “Y” configuration, between each line and ground.
  • Page 66 Line Impedance Stabilization Networks (LISN) Types of LISNs Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 67: B:.antenna Factors

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide Antenna Factors Field Strength Units Radiated EMI emissions measurements measure the electric field. The field strength is calibrated in dBμV/m. Field strength in dBμV/m is derived from the following: Pt = total power radiated from an isotropic radiator PD = the power density at a distance r from the isotropic radiator (far field) PD = Pt /4πr2 R = 120mΩ...
  • Page 68 Antenna Factors Field Strength Units Antenna factors The definition of antenna factors is the ratio of the electric field in volts per meter present at the plane of the antenna versus the voltage out of the antenna connector. Antenna factors are not the same as antenna gain. Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 69 Antenna Factors Field Strength Units Types of antennas used for commercial radiated measurements There are three types of antennas used for commercial radiated emissions measurements: — Biconical antenna: 30 MHz to 300 MHz — Log periodic antenna: 200 MHz to 1 GHz (the biconical and log periodic overlap frequency) —...
  • Page 70 Antenna Factors Field Strength Units Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 71: C:.basic Electrical Relationships

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide Basic Electrical Relationships The decibel is used extensively in electromagnetic measurements. It is the log of the ratio of two amplitudes. The amplitudes are in power, voltage, amps, electric field units and magnetic field units. decibel = dB = 10 log (P2/P1) Data is sometimes expressed in volts or field strength units.
  • Page 72 Basic Electrical Relationships Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 73: D:.detectors Used In Emi Measurements

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide Detectors Used in EMI Measurements Peak Detector Initial EMI measurements are made using the peak detector. This mode is much faster than quasi-peak, or average modes of detection. Signals are normally displayed on spectrum analyzers or EMC analyzers in peak mode.

  • Page 74: Quasi-Peak Detector

    Detectors Used in EMI Measurements Quasi-peak Detector Quasi-peak Detector Most radiated and conducted limits are based on quasi-peak detection mode. Quasi-peak detectors weigh signals according to their repetition rate, which is a way of measuring their annoyance factor. As the repetition rate increases, the quasi-peak detector does not have time to discharge as much, resulting in a higher voltage output.

  • Page 75: Average Detector

    Detectors Used in EMI Measurements Average Detector Average Detector The average detector is required for some conducted emissions tests in conjunction with using the quasi-peak detector. Also, radiated emissions measurements above 1 GHz are performed using average detection. The average detector output is always less than or equal to peak detection. Average detector operation Average detection is similar in many respects to peak detection.

  • Page 76: Rms Average Detector

    Detectors Used in EMI Measurements RMS Average Detector RMS Average Detector RMS (root-mean-square) average weighting receivers employ a weighting detector that is a combination of a RMS and an average detector. It is defined to evaluate the effect that impulsive disturbance is interfering on modern digital radio communication services.

  • Page 77: Glossary Of Acronyms And Definitions

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer EMI Receiver Measurement Application/N6141A Measurement Guide Glossary of Acronyms and Definitions Ambient level 1. The values of radiated and conducted signal and noise existing at a specified test location and time when the test sample is not activated 2.
  • Page 78 Antenna factor The factor which, when properly applied to the voltage at the input terminals of the measuring instrument, yields the electric field strength in volts per meter and a magnetic field strength in amperes per meter. Antenna induced voltage The voltage which is measured or calculated to exist across the open circuited antenna terminals.
  • Page 79 A decoupling network is an electrical circuit for preventing test signals which are applied to the DUT from affecting other devices, equipment, or systems that are not under test. IEC 801-6 states that the coupling and decoupling network systems can be integrated in one box or they can be separate networks.
  • Page 80 Dipole 1. An antenna consisting of a straight conductor usually not more than a half-wavelength long, divided at its electrical center for connection to a transmission line. 2. Any one of a class of antennas producing a radiation pattern approximating that of an elementary electric dipole. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 1.
  • Page 81 Immunity 1. The property of a receiver or any other equipment or system enabling it to reject a radio disturbance. 2. The ability of electronic equipment to withstand radiated electromagnetic fields without producing undesirable responses. Intermodulation Mixing of two or more signals in a nonlinear element, producing signals at frequencies equal to the sums and differences of integral multiples of the original signals.
  • Page 82 Radio frequency interference RFI is the high frequency interference with radio reception. This occurs when undesired electromagnetic oscillations find entrance to the high frequency input of a receiver or antenna system. RFI sources Sources are equipment and systems as well as their components which can cause RFI.
  • Page 83 This information is subject to change without notice. © Keysight Technologies 2008-2015 Edition 1, June 2015 N6141-90002 www.keysight.com...

This manual is also suitable for:

N6141aW6141aPxa n9030aMxa n9020aExa n9010aCxa n9000a ... Show all

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