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PAP Password Authentication Protocol, the most basic form of authentica-
tion, in which a user's name and password are transmitted over a net-
work and compared to a table of name-password pairs. Typically, the
passwords stored in the table are encrypted. The Basic Authentication
feature built into the HTTP protocol uses PAP.
CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol, a type of authentica-
tion in which the authentication agent (typically a network server) sends
the client program a random value that is used only once and an ID value.
The sender and peer must share a predefined secret.
Authentication The process of identifying an individual, usually based on a
username and password. In security systems, authentication is distinct
from authorization, which is the process of giving individuals access to
system objects based on their identity. Authentication merely ensures
that the individual is who he or she claims to be, but says nothing about
the access rights of the individual.
Encryption The translation of data into a secret code. Encryption is the most
effective way to achieve data security. To read an encrypted file, you must
have access to a secret key or password that enables you to decrypt it.
MPPE Microsoft Point to Point Encryption (MPPE) is a means of representing
Point to Point Protocol (PPP) packets in an encrypted form.
Broadcast Broadcasting sends a message to everyone on the network whereas
multicasting sends a message to a select list of recipients.
Multicast To transmit a single message to a select group of recipients. A sim-
ple example of multicasting is sending an e-mail message to a mailing
list. Teleconferencing and videoconferencing also use multicasting, but
require more robust protocols and networks.
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