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Extreme Networks ExtremeWare XOS 11.1 Manual (496 pages)

Concepts Guide

Brand: Extreme Networks | Category: Software | Size: 4.81 MB

Table of Contents
3
Preface

17
- Introduction
  17
  - Terminology
    17
- Conventions
  18
- Related Publications
  18
  - Using Extremeware XOS Publications Online
    19
Part 1: Using Extremeware XOS

21
Chapter 1: Extremeware XOS Overview

23
Chapter 2: Accessing the Switch

31
- Understanding the Command Syntax
  31
  - Syntax Helper
    32
  - Command Shortcuts
    32
  - Modular Switch Numerical Ranges
    33
  - Names
    33
  - Symbols
    33
  - Limits
    34
- Line-Editing Keys
  34
- Command History
  35
- Common Commands
  35
- Configuring Management Access
  37
  - User Account
    37
  - Administrator Account
    38
  - Default Accounts
    38
  - Creating a Management Account
    39
  - Failsafe Account
    40
- Domain Name Service Client Services
  41
- Checking Basic Connectivity
  41
  - Ping
    41
  - Traceroute
    42
Chapter 3: Managing the Switch

43
Managing the Switch

44
- Authenticating Users
  45
  - RADIUS Client
    45
  - Tacacs
    45
  - Configuring RADIUS Client and TACACS
    45
  - Management Accounts
    46
  - Using Telnet
    46
    
    About the Telnet Client
    46
    
    About the Telnet Server
    46
    
    Connecting to Another Host Using Telnet
    47
    
    Configuring Switch IP Parameters
    47
    
    Manually Configuring the Ip Settings
    48
    
    Configuring Telnet Access to the Switch
    49
    
    Disconnecting a Telnet Session
    50
  - Using Secure Shell 2
    50
  - Using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol
    50
    
    Connecting to Another Host Using TFTP
    50
  - Understanding System Redundancy
    51
    
    Node Election
    51
    
    Replicating Data between Nodes
    52
    
    Viewing Node Status
    54
  - Understanding Power Supply Management
    55
    
    Initial System Boot-Up
    55
    
    Removing a Power Supply
    56
    
    Installing or Providing Power to a Power Supply
    56
    
    Displaying Power Supply Information
    56
  - Using the Simple Network Management Protocol
    56
    
    Enabling and Disabling Snmpv1/V2C and Snmpv3
    57
    
    Accessing Switch Agents
    57
    
    Supported Mibs
    58
    
    Configuring Snmpv1/V2C Settings
    58
    
    Displaying SNMP Settings
    58
    
    Snmpv3
    59
    
    Message Processing
    60
    
    Snmpv3 Security
    60
    
    Snmpv3 MIB Access Control
    63
    
    Snmpv3 Notification
    64
  - Using the Simple Network Time Protocol
    66
    
    Configuring and Using SNTP
    67
    
    SNTP Example
    70
Chapter 4: Managing the Extremeware XOS Software

71
- Overview of the Extremeware XOS Software
  71
Chapter 5: Configuring Slots and Ports on a Switch

79
- Configuring a Slot on a Modular Switch
  79
Configuring Slots and Ports on a Switch

80
- Configuring Switch Port Speed and Duplex Setting
  81
- Enabling and Disabling Switch Ports
  81
Chapter 6: Power over Ethernet

103
- Summary of Poe Features
  103
- Power Checking for Poe Module
  103
- Power Delivery
  104
  - Enabling Poe to the Switch
    104
  - Power Reserve Budget Per Slot
    104
  - PD Disconnect Precedence
    105
  - Port Disconnect or Fault
    106
  - Port Power Reset
    107
  - Poe Usage Threshold
    107
  - Legacy Devices
    107
  - Poe Operator Limits
    108
  - Leds
    108
  - Configuring Poe
    108
    
    Enabling Inline Power
    109
    
    Reserving Power for a Slot
    109
    
    Setting the Disconnect Precedence
    110
    
    Configuring the Usage Threshold
    111
    
    Configuring the Switch to Detect Legacy Pds
    112
    
    Configuring the Operator Limit
    112
    
    Configuring Poe Port Labels
    113
    
    Power Cycling Connected Pds
    113
  - Displaying Poe Settings and Statistics
    113
    
    Clearing Statistics
    113
    
    Displaying System Power Information
    113
    
    Displaying Slot Poe Information
    116
    
    Displaying Port Poe Information
    117
Chapter 7: Status Monitoring and Statistics

121
- Status Monitoring
  121
- Viewing Port Statistics
  121
- Viewing Port Errors
  122
- Using the Port Monitoring Display Keys
  123
- Slot Diagnostics
  123
  - Running Diagnostics on I/O and Management Modules
    124
  - Observing LED Behavior During a Diagnostic Test
    124
  - Displaying Diagnostic Test Results
    126
  - System Health Checking
    126
    
    Understanding the System Health Checker-Blackdiamond 10K Switch Only
    126
    
    Understanding the System Health Checker-Aspen 8810 Switch Only
    127
    
    Enabling and Disabling Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch
    128
    
    Configuring Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch
    128
    
    System Health Check Examples
    128
  - Setting the System Recovery Level
    130
  - Viewing the System Temperature
    130
  - Event Management System/Logging
    131
    
    Sending Event Messages to Log Targets
    132
    
    Filtering Events Sent to Targets
    133
    
    Formatting Event Messages
    140
    
    Displaying Real-Time Log Messages
    141
    
    Displaying Event Logs
    141
    
    Uploading Event Logs
    141
    
    Displaying Counts of Event Occurrences
    142
    
    Displaying Debug Information
    143
    
    Logging Configuration Changes
    143
  - Using Sflow
    143
    
    Configuring Sflow
    144
    
    Displaying Sflow Information
    146
  - Rmon
    147
    
    About RMON
    147
    
    Supported RMON Groups of the Switch
    148
    
    Configuring RMON
    149
    
    Event Actions
    150
    
    Displaying RMON Information
    150
Chapter 8: Virtual Lans

151
- Overview of Virtual Lans
  151
  - Benefits
    151
  - Virtual Routers and Vlans-Blackdiamond 10K Switch Only
    152
  - Types of Vlans
    152
    
    Port-Based Vlans
    152
    
    Tagged Vlans
    155
    
    Protocol-Based Vlans
    157
    
    Precedence of Tagged Packets over Protocol Filters
    159
  - VLAN Names
    159
    
    Default VLAN
    160
    
    Renaming a VLAN
    160
  - Configuring Vlans on the Switch
    160
    
    VLAN Configuration Examples
    161
  - Displaying VLAN Settings
    162
    
    Displaying Protocol Information
    163
  - Tunneling (Vmans)
    163
    
    Guidelines for Configuring Vmans
    164
    
    Configuring Vmans
    165
    
    Displaying VMAN Configurations
    167
Chapter 9: Virtual Routers

169
- Virtual Routers Overview
  169
Chapter 10: Forwarding Database

175
- Overview of the FDB
  175
  - FDB Contents
    175
  - How FDB Entries Get Added
    175
  - FDB Entry Types
    176
  - Disabling MAC Address Learning
    177
  - FDB Configuration Examples
    177
  - Configuring the FDB Aging Time
    177
  - MAC-Based Security
    178
  - Displaying FDB Entries
    178
Chapter 11: Policies and Acls

179
- Policy Manager
  179
- Creating and Editing Policies
  179
  - Using the Edit Command
    180
  - Using a Separate Machine
    180
  - Checking Policies
    180
  - Refreshing Policies
    181
  - Applying Policies
    181
    
    Applying ACL Policies
    181
    
    Applying Routing Policies
    182
  - ACL Policies
    182
    
    ACL Policy File Syntax
    183
    
    ACL Evaluation Precedence
    187
    
    ACL Metering-Aspen 8810 Only
    188
    
    Example ACL Rule Entries
    189
    
    Displaying and Clearing ACL Counters
    190
  - Routing Policies
    190
    
    Routing Policy File Syntax
    191
    
    Policy Examples
    195
Chapter 12: Quality of Service

201
- Overview of Policy-Based Quality of Service
  201
- Applications and Types of Qos
  202
  - Voice Applications
    202
  - Video Applications
    202
  - Critical Database Applications
    203
  - Web Browsing Applications
    203
  - File Server Applications
    203
  - Configuring Qos
    204
    
    Configuring Qos on the Aspen 8810 Switch Only
    204
  - Qos Profiles
    205
    
    Qos Profiles on the Aspen 8810 Switch Only
    205
    
    Qos Profiles on the Blackdiamond 10K Switch
    206
  - Traffic Groupings
    207
    
    ACL-Based Traffic Groupings
    208
    
    Explicit Class of Service (802.1P and Diffserv) Traffic Groupings
    208
    
    Configuring Diffserv
    211
    
    Physical and Logical Groupings
    215
    
    Source Port
    215
  - Verifying Qos Configuration and Performance
    219
    
    Monitoring Performance-Blackdiamond 10K Switch Only
    219
    
    Displaying Qos Profile Information
    219
  - Guidelines for Configuring Qos
    220
  - Egress Traffic Rate Limiting-Aspen 8810 Switch Only
    220
  - Bi-Directional Rate Shaping-Blackdiamond 10K Switch Only
    221
    
    Bandwidth Settings
    222
    
    Configuring Bi-Directional Rate Shaping
    223
Chapter 13: Security

225
- Security Overview
  225
- Network Access Security
  225
- MAC Address Security
  225
  - Limiting Dynamic MAC Addresses
    226
  - MAC Address Lock down
    227
  - Network Login
    228
    
    Web-Based, MAC-Based, and 802.1X Authentication
    228
    
    Campus and ISP Modes
    230
    
    Interoperability Requirements
    231
    
    Multiple Supplicant Support
    232
    
    Exclusions and Limitations
    233
    
    Configuring Network Login
    233
    
    Web-Based Authentication User Login Using Campus Mode
    235
    
    Displaying Network Login Settings
    236
    
    Disabling Network Login
    236
    
    Additional Configuration Details
    236
    
    MAC-Based Authentication
    237
  - DHCP Server
    238
    
    DHCP Server on the Switch
    238
    
    Displaying DHCP Information
    239
  - Denial of Service Protection
    239
    
    Configuring Denial of Service Protection
    240
  - Management Access Security
    241
  - Authenticating Users Using RADIUS or TACACS
    241
    
    Radius
    242
    
    Configuring RADIUS
    243
    
    Tacacs
    248
  - Secure Shell 2
    249
    
    Enabling SSH2 for Inbound Switch Access
    249
    
    Using SCP2 from an External SSH2 Client
    250
Chapter 14: Clearflow

253
- Overview
  253
- Configuring Clearflow
  253
  - Displaying Clearflow Configuration and Activity
    254
  - Adding Clearflow Rules to Acls
    254
    
    Clearflow Rule Types
    255
    
    Clearflow Rule Actions
    259
  - Clearflow Rule Examples
    261
    
    Count Rule Type Example
    261
    
    Delta Rule Type Example
    262
    
    Ratio Rule Type Example
    263
    
    Delta-Ratio Rule Type Example
    264
Part 2: Using Switching and Routing Protocols

265
Chapter 15: Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching

267
- Licensing
  267
- Overview of the EAPS Protocol
  267
  - Fast Convergence
    269
  - Fault Detection and Recovery
    269
    
    Link down Message Sent by a Transit Node
    270
    
    Ring Port down Event Sent by Hardware Layer
    270
    
    Polling
    271
    
    Restoration Operations
    271
  - Multiple EAPS Domains
    272
    
    EAPS Data VLAN Spanning Two Rings Connected by One Switch
    272
    
    Multiple EAPS Domains Per Ring-Spatial Reuse
    273
    
    Multiple EAPS Rings Sharing a Common Link
    273
  - Configuring EAPS on a Switch
    274
    
    Creating and Deleting an EAPS Domain
    275
    
    Defining the EAPS Mode of the Switch
    275
    
    Configuring EAPS Polling Timers
    276
    
    Configuring the Primary and Secondary Ports
    277
    
    Configuring the EAPS Control VLAN
    277
    
    Configuring the EAPS Protected Vlans
    278
    
    Enabling and Disabling Fast Convergence
    278
    
    Enabling and Disabling an EAPS Domain
    278
    
    Enabling and Disabling EAPS on the Switch
    278
    
    Unconfiguring an EAPS Ring Port
    279
    
    Displaying EAPS Status Information
    279
  - Configuring EAPS Shared Ports
    282
    
    Steady State
    283
    
    Common Link Failures
    284
    
    Flushing the Fdbs
    284
    
    Creating and Deleting a Shared Port
    285
    
    Defining the Mode of the Shared Port
    285
    
    Configuring the Link ID of the Shared Port
    285
    
    Configuring the Shared Port Segment Timer
    285
    
    Unconfiguring an EAPS Shared Port
    286
    
    Displaying EAPS Shared-Port Status Information
    286
  - EAPS Shared Port Configuration Rules
    289
  - EAPS Shared Port Configuration Examples
    289
    
    Basic Configuration
    289
    
    Basic Core Configuration
    290
    
    Right Angle Configuration
    290
    
    Combined Basic Core and Right Angle Configuration
    291
    
    Large Core and Access Rings Configuration
    292
    
    Advanced Configuration
    293
Chapter 16: Spanning Tree Protocol

295
- Overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol
  295
- Spanning Tree Domains
  295
  - Member Vlans
    296
  - STPD Modes
    297
  - Encapsulation Modes
    297
  - STP States
    298
  - Binding Ports
    299
  - Rapid Root Failover
    301
  - STP and Hitless Failover-Blackdiamond 10K Switch Only
    301
  - STP Configurations
    302
    
    Basic STP Configuration
    302
    
    Multiple Stpds on a Port
    305
    
    VLAN Spanning Multiple Stpds
    305
    
    EMISTP Deployment Constraints
    306
  - Per VLAN Spanning Tree
    308
    
    STPD VLAN Mapping
    308
    
    Native VLAN
    308
  - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
    308
    
    RSTP Concepts
    309
    
    Port Roles
    309
    
    Link Types
    309
    
    RSTP Operation
    311
    
    Root Port Rapid Behavior
    312
    
    Designated Port Rapid Behavior
    313
    
    Receiving Bridge Behavior
    314
    
    Rapid Reconvergence
    314
  - STP Rules and Restrictions
    318
  - Configuring STP on the Switch
    319
  - STP Configuration Examples
    320
    
    Basic 802.1D Configuration Example
    320
    
    EMISTP Configuration Example
    321
    
    RSTP 802.1W Configuration Example
    322
  - Displaying STP Settings
    323
Chapter 17: Extreme Standby Router Protocol

325
- Overview of ESRP
  325
  - ESRP Modes of Operation
    325
  - ESRP and ELRP
    326
  - Reasons to Use ESRP
    326
  - ESRP Concepts
    326
    
    ESRP-Aware Switches
    328
    
    Standard and Extended ESRP
    329
    
    ESRP Domains
    330
    
    Linking ESRP Switches
    331
    
    ESRP and Hitless Failover-Blackdiamond 10K Switch Only
    331
  - Determining the ESRP Master
    332
    
    Master Switch Behavior
    332
    
    Pre-Master Switch Behavior
    333
    
    Slave Switch Behavior
    333
    
    Neutral Switch Behavior
    333
    
    Electing the Master Switch
    333
    
    ESRP Failover Time
    334
    
    ESRP Election Algorithms
    334
  - Configuring an ESRP Domain on a Switch
    336
    
    Creating and Deleting an ESRP Domain
    336
    
    Configuring the ESRP Domain ID
    337
    
    Adding Vlans to an ESRP Domain
    337
    
    Enabling and Disabling an ESRP Domain
    338
  - Advanced ESRP Features
    339
    
    ESRP Tracking
    339
    
    ESRP Port Restart
    342
    
    ESRP Host Attach
    342
    
    ESRP Port Weight and Don't Count
    343
    
    ESRP Groups
    344
  - Displaying ESRP Information
    345
  - Using ELRP with ESRP
    345
    
    Using ELRP with ESRP to Recover Loops
    346
    
    Configuring ELRP
    346
    
    Displaying ELRP Information
    347
  - ESRP Examples
    348
    
    Single Domain Using Layer 2 and Layer 3 Redundancy
    348
    
    Multiple Domains Using Layer 2 and Layer 3 Redundancy
    351
  - ESRP Cautions
    353
    
    Configuring ESRP and IP Multinetting
    353
    
    ESRP and STP
    353
    
    ESRP and VRRP
    353
    
    ESRP Groups and Host Attach
    353
    
    Port Configurations and ESRP
    353
Chapter 18: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

355
- Overview
  355
- Determining the VRRP Master
  355
  - VRRP Tracking
    356
  - Electing the Master Router
    358
  - Additional VRRP Highlights
    358
  - VRRP Operation
    359
    
    Simple VRRP Network Configuration
    359
    
    Fully Redundant VRRP Network
    360
  - VRRP Configuration Parameters
    361
  - VRRP Examples
    362
    
    Configuring the Simple VRRP Network
    362
    
    Configuring the Fully Redundant VRRP Network
    363
  - VRRP Cautions
    364
    
    Assigning Multiple Virtual IP Addresses
    364
    
    VRRP and ESRP
    364
Chapter 19: IP Unicast Routing

365
- Overview of IP Unicast Routing
  365
  - Router Interfaces
    365
  - Populating the Routing Table
    366
    
    Dynamic Routes
    367
    
    Static Routes
    367
  - Proxy ARP
    368
    
    ARP-Incapable Devices
    368
    
    Proxy ARP between Subnets
    369
  - Relative Route Priorities
    369
  - Configuring IP Unicast Routing
    370
  - Verifying the IP Unicast Routing Configuration
    370
  - Routing Configuration Example
    370
  - IP Multinetting
    372
    
    Multinetting Topology
    372
    
    How Multinetting Affects Other Features
    373
    
    Configuring IP Multinetting
    377
    
    IP Multinetting Examples
    377
  - Configuring DHCP/BOOTP Relay
    378
    
    Configuring the DHCP Relay Agent Option (Option 82)
    378
    
    Verifying the DHCP/BOOTP Relay Configuration
    379
    
    UDP Echo Server
    380
Chapter 20: Interior Gateway Protocols

381
- Overview
  381
  - RIP Versus OSPF
    382
  - Advantages of RIP and OSPF
    382
  - Overview of RIP
    382
    
    Routing Table
    382
    
    Split Horizon
    383
    
    Poison Reverse
    383
    
    Triggered Updates
    383
    
    Route Advertisement of Vlans
    383
    
    RIP Version 1 Versus RIP Version 2
    383
  - Overview of OSPF
    384
    
    Licensing
    384
    
    OSPF Edge Mode
    384
    
    Link State Database
    384
    
    Areas
    386
    
    Virtual Links
    387
    
    Point-To-Point Support
    389
  - Route Redistribution
    389
    
    Configuring Route Redistribution
    390
    
    OSPF Timers and Authentication
    391
  - RIP Configuration Example
    391
  - Configuring OSPF
    393
    
    Configuring OSPF Wait Interval
    393
    
    OSPF Wait Interval Parameters
    393
  - OSPF Configuration Example
    394
    
    Configuration for ABR1
    395
    
    Configuration for IR1
    396
  - Displaying OSPF Settings
    396
Chapter 21: Exterior Gateway Routing Protocols

397
- Licensing
  397
- Overview
  398
- BGP Attributes
  398
- BGP Communities
  398
- BGP Features
  399
  - Route Reflectors
    399
  - Route Confederations
    401
  - Route Aggregation
    404
  - Using the Loopback Interface
    404
  - BGP Peer Groups
    404
  - BGP Route Flap Dampening
    405
  - BGP Route Selection
    407
  - Stripping out Private as Numbers from Route Updates
    407
  - Route Redistribution
    408
  - BGP Static Network
    408
Chapter 22: IP Multicast Routing

409
- Overview
  409
  - PIM Overview
    409
  - Pim Sparse Mode
    410
  - IGMP Overview
    411
  - Configuring IP Multicasting Routing
    412
  - Configuration Examples
    413
    
    PIM-DM Configuration Example
    413
    
    PIM-SM Configuration Example
    414
    
    Rendezvous Point
    414
Appendix A: Software Upgrade and Boot Options

419
- Downloading a New Image
  419
  - Installing a Modular Software Package
    420
  - Selecting a Primary or a Secondary Image
    421
  - Understanding the Image Version String
    421
  - Software Signatures
    422
  - Rebooting the Switch
    422
  - Rebooting the Management Module
    422
  - Understanding Hitless Upgrade-Blackdiamond 10K Switch Only
    423
    
    Performing a Hitless Upgrade
    423
    
    Detailed Steps
    424
    
    Hitless Upgrade Examples
    425
  - Saving Configuration Changes
    426
    
    Viewing a Configuration
    427
    
    Returning to Factory Defaults
    427
  - Using TFTP to Upload the Configuration
    427
  - Using TFTP to Download the Configuration
    428
  - Synchronizing Msms
    428
    
    Automatic Synchronization of Configuration Files
    429
  - Accessing the Bootloader
    429
  - Upgrading the Bootrom-Blackdiamond 10K Switch Only
    430
  - Upgrading the Firmware-Aspen 8810 Switch Only
    431
Appendix B: Troubleshooting

433
- Leds
  433
- Using the Command Line Interface
  434
  - Port Configuration
    436
  - Vlans
    437
  - Stp
    438
  - Esrp
    439
  - Vrrp
    439
  - Using Standalone ELRP to Perform Loop Tests
    440
    
    About Standalone ELRP
    440
    
    Configuring Standalone ELRP
    441
    
    Displaying Standalone ELRP Information
    442
  - Using the Rescue Software Image
    442
  - Debug Mode
    443
  - Saving Debug Information to the External Memory Card
    444
    
    Managing Files on the External Memory Card
    444
  - TOP Command
    446
  - TFTP Server Requirements
    446
  - System Health Check
    446
    
    Overview of the System Health Checker
    446
    
    Enabling and Disabling Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch
    447
    
    Configuring Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch
    447
  - System Odometer
    448
  - Temperature Operating Range
    448
  - Corrupted Bootrom on the Aspen 8810 Switch
    449
  - Inserting Powered Devices in the Poe Module-Aspen 8810 Switch Only
    449
  - Untagged Frames on the 10 Gbps Module-Blackdiamond 10K Switch Only
    449
  - Running MSM Diagnostics from the Bootloader-Blackdiamond 10K Switch Only
    449
  - Contacting Extreme Technical Support
    450
Appendix C: Supported Protocols, Mibs, and Standards

451
Glossary

455
Index of Commands

475
Index

481

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Extreme Networks ExtremeWare XOS 11.1 Manuals

Extreme Networks ExtremeWare XOS 11.1 Manual (496 pages)

Table of Contents

Preface

Part 1: Using Extremeware XOS

Chapter 1: Extremeware XOS Overview

Chapter 2: Accessing the Switch

Chapter 3: Managing the Switch

Managing the Switch

Chapter 4: Managing the Extremeware XOS Software

Chapter 5: Configuring Slots and Ports on a Switch

Configuring Slots and Ports on a Switch

Chapter 6: Power over Ethernet

Chapter 7: Status Monitoring and Statistics

Chapter 8: Virtual Lans

Chapter 9: Virtual Routers

Chapter 10: Forwarding Database

Chapter 11: Policies and Acls

Chapter 12: Quality of Service

Chapter 13: Security

Chapter 14: Clearflow

Part 2: Using Switching and Routing Protocols

Chapter 15: Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching

Chapter 16: Spanning Tree Protocol

Chapter 17: Extreme Standby Router Protocol

Chapter 18: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

Chapter 19: IP Unicast Routing

Chapter 20: Interior Gateway Protocols

Chapter 21: Exterior Gateway Routing Protocols

Chapter 22: IP Multicast Routing

Appendix A: Software Upgrade and Boot Options

Appendix B: Troubleshooting

Appendix C: Supported Protocols, Mibs, and Standards

Glossary

Index of Commands

Index

Related Products

Extreme Networks Categories