Table Of Contents - AMSTRAD cpc 6128 User Instruction

Table of Contents

Introduction2
Installation Notes6
Operation Notes6
Contents8
Table Of Contents9
Foundation Course14
Setting Up14
Fitting A Mains Plug14
Connecting The Computer To A Monitor15
Connecting The Computer To An Mp2 Modulator/Power Supply Unit16
Switching On-Cpc6128 And Gt6S/Ctm644 System17
Switching On-Cpc6128 And Mp2 Modulator/Power Supply System18
Other Connections19
Connecting Your Peripherals20
Joystick20
Cassette Unit20
Printer21
A 2Nd Disc Drive (Amstrad Fd 1)21
External Amplifier/Speakers22
Expansion Devices23
About Discs24
Insertion24
Write Protection25
When Your Disc Is In27
Indicator Lamp27
Eject Button27
Getting Started28
Syntax Error32
Loading Software And Games33
Loading Amsoft Software And The Welcome Program34
Let's Compute35
An Introduction To Amstrad Basic Keywords35
Cls35
Print35
Run36
List36
Goto37
Input38
Editing A Program40
Editing Cursor Method40
Copy Cursor Method41
For And Next43
Rem43
Gobus44
Simple Arithmetic46
Addition46
Subtraction46
Multiplication46
Division47
Integer Division47
Modulus47
Square Root47
Type: ? 8 + 4 [Return]47
[Return]47
Cube Root48
Return]48
Type48
Mixed Calculations49
Further Exponents50
Save It51
Formatting Discs For Use51
First Steps Using The Master Cp/M System Discs Package52
Formatting On A 2-Drive System55
Saving A Program In Memory Onto Disc56
Catalog56
Loading From Disc57
A And B57
Copying Programs From Disc To Disc58
Ascii Files58
Protected Files58
Binary Files59
Screen Dump59
Understanding Modes, Colours And Graphics60
Master Colour Chart61
The Screen Display62
Default Settings63
Paper/Pen/Mode/Ink Reference63
Flashing Colours65
Graphics68
Locate68
Frame70
Plot71
Draw71
Move72
Circles73
Plotting The Points Of A Circle73
Origin74
Fill75
Further Details78
Using Sound81
The Sound Command81
Channel Status81
Tone Period81
Duration82
Volume82
Volume Envelope83
Tone Envelope83
Noise83
Creating A Volume Envelope83
Envelope Number84
Number Of Steps84
Size Of Step84
Time Per Step84
Creating A Tone Envelope85
Tone Period Of Step86
Introducing Amsdos And Cp/M88
What Is Amsdos?88
What If I Want To Use Cassette?89
Program Copying Between Discs, And Cassette90
Copying A Whole Disc90
Copying On A 1-Drive System91
Copying On A 2-Drive System93
Verifying Discs94
Using The Disc Kit Program On Cp/M 2.295
Further Information96
Introducing The Bank Manager97
Using The Second 64K Of Memory97
Using The Bank Manager For Screen Images97
How To Use The Bank Manager98
Using The Bank Manager For String Storage99
Beyond Foundations106
So Where Do I Start?106
Writing A Simple Program107
What If?110
Solutions110
If I May Digress115
Back To The Program115
The End Of The Beginning116
Final Listing118
Complete List Of Amstrad Cpc6128 Basic Keywords120
Special Characters121
Data Types121
Keywords122
Abs122
After123
And123
Asc124
Atn124
Auto124
Bin$125
Border125
Break125
Call126
Cat126
Chain126
Chain Merge127
Chr$127
Cint127
Clear128
Clear Input128
Clg128
Closein129
Closeout129
Cont129
Copychr$130
Cos130
Creal130
Cursor131
Data131
Dec$132
Def Fn132
Defint133
Defreal133
Defstr134
Deg134
Delete135
Derr135
Di136
Dim137
Drawr138
Edit139
El139
Else139
End140
Ent140
Parameter 1: Number Of Steps140
Parameter 2: Step Size141
Parameter 3: Pause Time141
Parameter 1: Tone Period141
Parameter 2: Pause Time141
Env142
Eof144
Erase144
Erl144
Err145
Error145
Every146
Exp146
Fix147
Fn147
For147
Fre148
Gosub149
Graphics Paper149
Graphics Pen150
Hex$150
Himem151
If151
Ink152
Inkey152
Inkey$153
Inp153
Instr155
Int155
Joy156
Key156
Key Def157
Left$158
Len158
Let158
Line Input159
Load160
Log161
Log10161
Lower$161
Mask162
Max162
Merge163
Mid$163
Min164
Mod165
Mode165
Mover166
New167
Next167
Not167
On Break Cont168
On Break Gosub168
On Break Stop169
On Error Goto169
On (Expression) Gosub170
On (Expression) Goto171
On Sq Gosub171
Openin172
Openout172
Or173
Out174
Paper174
Peek175
Pen175
Pi176
Plotr177
Poke177
Pos178
Print Spc179
Print Tab179
Print Using180
Numeric Formats180
String Formats182
Rad183
Randomize183
Read183
Release184
Remain185
Renum185
Restore186
Resume186
Resume Next187
Return187
Right$188
Rnd188
Round189
Run (String Expression)189
Run (Line Number)189
Save190
Sgn191
Sin191
Sound192
Parameter 1: Channel Status192
Parameter 2: Tone Period192
Parameter 3: Duration192
Parameter 4: Volume193
Parameter 5: Volume Envelope193
Parameter 6: One Envelope193
Parameter 7: Noise193
Spaces194
Spc194
Speed Ink194
Speed Key195
Speed Write195
Sq196
Sqr196
Step197
Stop197
Str$197
String$198
Swap198
Symbol198
Symbol After200
Tab201
Tag201
Tag Off202
Tan202
Test203
Testr203
Then203
Time204
To204
Troff205
Tron205
Unt205
Upper$205
Using206
Val206
Vpos206
Wait207
Wend207
While207
Width208
Window208
Window Swap209
Write209
Xor210
Xpos211
Ypos211
Zone211
Using Discs And Cassettes212
Making Working Discs212
Getting Started With Cp/M Plus212
Use Of Help Files212
Single And Multiple Drive Operation212
Backup Master Discs213
Maintaining A Hi Profile!214
A Helping Hand214
One Drive Or Two?214
Copying Files From Disc To Disc215
A Basic Only Disc215
Turnkey Amstrad Basic Discs216
Turnkey Cp/M Discs216
Creating A Turnkey Cp/M Disc217
Configuring A Cp/M Program217
Configuring The Output From The Package217
Configuring The Input To The Package218
Starting A Turnkey Cp/M Package219
Autostarting A Turnkey Cp/M Package219
Getting Started With Gsx220
Test Diagram221
Working With Cp/M 2.2221
An Example Of Gsx Printer Output221
Cassettes222
Read Errors223
Successful Saving227
Error Messages228
Amsdos External Commands228
All External Commands228
Amsdos And Cp/M230
Disc Directory231
Changing Discs231
Amsdos Filenames And Filetypes231
Construction Of Filenames232
Amsdos Headers232
Filenames On Two Drives233
Wild Cards234
Examples Of Using Amsdos Commands In A Program235
Saving Variables And Performing A Screen Dump235
Loading The Screen Back237
Summary Of Amsdos External Commands237
Cpm238
Dir238
Disc238
Disc In/Out238
Drive239
Era239
Ren239
Tape239
Tape.in240
Tape.out240
User240
Amsdos Files With Hea.ders240
File Copying Procedures241
Read/Only Files241
Copying Files Between Disc And Cassette241
Reference Guide To Amsdos Error Messages244
Error Message Meanings244
Cp/Mplus246
Cp/M Plus On The Disc247
Early Moming Start Profile247
Console Control Codes248
Filenames249
Switching Default Drives250
Direct Console Commands250
Dir Command250
Erase Or Era Command250
Rename Or Ren Command251
Type Or Typ Command251
User Or Use Command251
Transient Commands252
Peripheral Management252
Language Characters253
Colours253
Keyboard254
Printers255
Serial Interface256
System Management258
Exit-Ing Cp/M Plus261
Advanced Programming262
Setup264
Tail Enders266
Introduction To Logo268
What Is Logo?268
Dr. Logo For Cp/M 2.2269
First Steps270
Dr. Logo Procedures270
Writing A Simple Procedure271
Procedures With Parameters271
Using Variables To Remember Values272
Editing Programs And Procedures273
Operating Hints273
Summary Of Dr. Logo Primitives274
Word And List Processing275
Ascii275
Bf275
Char275
Count276
Emptyp276
First276
Fput276
Item277
Last277
Le277
Listp277
Iput278
Memberp278
Numberp278
Piece278
Se279
Shuffle279
Where279
Word279
Arithmetic Operations280
Wordp280
Arctan280
Quotient280
Random281
Remainder281
Rerandom281
+282
-282
*282
/282
Logical Operations283
Rot283
=283
>283
Variables284
Local284
Make284
Namep284
Procedures285
Thing285
Define285
Po285
Editing286
Pots286
Text286
Edall286
Printer Functions287
Text Screen287
Edf287
Copyon/Copyoff287
Pr288
Setcursor288
Show288
Ts288
Graphic Screen289
Clean289
Dot289
Dotc290
Fence290
Fs291
Pal291
Setbg291
Setpal291
Setscrunch292
Sf292
Ss292
Turtle Graphics293
Wrap293
Fd293
Home293
Px295
Seth295
Setpc295
Setpos295
Setx296
Sety296
St296
Tf296
Workspace Management297
Towards297
Erall297
Em297
Noformat298
Poall298
Pons298
Recycle298
Property Lists299
Glist299
Gprop299
Pprop299
Disc Files300
Remprop300
Changef300
Defaultd300
Dirpic301
Loadpic301
I{Eyboard And Joystick302
Savepic302
Setd302
Buttonp302
Keyp303
Paddle303
Re303
Rl304
Rq304
Flow Of Control305
Bye305
Co305
Go306
Label306
Op306
Repeat306
Exception Handling307
Catch307
Notrace308
Nowatch308
Throw308
Watch308
System Primitives309
System Variables309
.Contents309
.Examine309
System Properties310
Toplevel310
True310
.Rem (Or;)310
For Your Reference312
Basic Cursor Locations And Control Code Extensions312
Basic Control Characters314
Interrupts318
Basic Ascii And Graphic Characters319
Machine Specific Basic Graphics Character Set320
Key References332
Default Ascii Values (Hex)332
Expansion Characters, Default Locations And Values333
Key And Joystick Numbers334
Notes And Tone Periods335
Basic Error Messages338
Amsdos Disc Errors341
Basic Keywords343
Text And Window Planner-Mode 0 (20 Columns)345
Text And Window Planner-Mode 1 (40 Columns)346
Text And Window Planner-Mode 2 (80 Columns)347
Sound Envelope/Music Planner348
Connections349
Cpc6128 Input/Output Sockets349
Joystick Socket349
Monitor Socket350
Stereo Socket350
Tape Socket350
Expansion Socket351
Disc Drive 2 Socket351
Printer Port352
Printer Interfacing352
Printer Configuration353
Joysticks354
Disc Organisation355
Common To All Formats355
System Format355
Resident System Extensions (Rsx's)356
Data Only Format356
Ibm Format356
Memory357
Additional I/O358
Sideways Roms359
Cp/M Plus Terminal Emulator359
Cpc6128362
Cpim Plus International Character Set363
7 Bit Software364
Working With 8 Bit Character Sets365
The Standard Cp/M Plus Character Set (Usa)365
More Out The Bank Manager366
Storing Screen Images367
Choose Your Screen367
Hardware Bank Switching367
Try Out The Screen Switching Commands368
Pseudo-File Operation369
Curses Filed Again369
Searching371
Beware The Mismatch372
At Your Leisure374
Generally Speaking374
The Screen Resolution-The Smallest Discernible Item On The Display375
The Basic Interpreter375
Expansibility376
Whycan't?377
That Keyboard Looks Familiar377
Whose Afraid Of The Jargon?379
Basics Of Basic380
Number Please380
Bitsand-Bytes382
However384
Decimal384
Hex384
More About The Cpc6128 Specifically387
A Bit Of Character387
Character Set387
How We Get There388
How Can You Tell What Is A Variable?388
Logic391
User Defined Characters394
Printing Press394
Print Formatting395
Want Your Windows Done?399
If I May Interrupt402
Using Data404
The Sound Of Music408
Graphically Speaking420
Join The Dots422
Transparent Characters424
Ink Modes425
Animation426
Colour Plane Sprites427
Graphics Using The Extra Memory429
What Happens Next?436
Digital Research & Amstrad440
Definitions440
Appendix 1 End User Program Licence Agreement440
Licence441
Term442
Limitations Of Remedies442
Registration Card443
General443
Appendix 2 Glossary Of Terms444
Bustout474
Appendix 3 Some Programs For You474
Bomber476
Telly Tennis479
Electric Fencing482
Amthello487
Raffles496
Index504