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Comtech EF Data Vipersat SLM-5650A User Manual

Satellite network modem router
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Comtech EF Data is an
AS9100 Rev B / ISO9001:2000 Registered Company
Vipersat
SLM-5650A
Satellite Network Modem Router

User Guide

MN-0000035 Revision 5

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Summary of Contents for Comtech EF Data Vipersat SLM-5650A

  • Page 1: User Guide

      Comtech EF Data is an AS9100 Rev B / ISO9001:2000 Registered Company Vipersat SLM-5650A Satellite Network Modem Router User Guide MN-0000035 Revision 5...
  • Page 3 Vipersat SLM-5650A Satellite Network Modem Router User Guide Part number MN-0000035 Document Revision 5 Firmware Version 1.9.1 April 8, 2011...

  • Page 4: Part Number Mn

    Manual Revision 5 Firmware Version 1.9.1 ©2011 by Comtech EF Data, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech EF Data, Inc. IMPORTANT NOTE: The information contained in this document supersedes all previously published information regarding this product.

  • Page 5: Document Revision History

    Document Revision History Revision Date Description 1/16/08 Preliminary Release 2.0.x 6/30/08 Update content to reflect NP v1.3.2 8/29/08 Update content to reflect NP v1.4.1 10/24/08 Update content to reflect NP v1.5.1 4/20/09 Update content to reflect NP v1.6.1 4/08/11 Update content to reflect NP v1.9.1 New Features: Satellite Roaming (SOTM);...
  • Page 6 { This Page is Intentionally Blank }...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Network Role ....2-3 Chapter 3 — Using the Web Server Setting Vipersat SLM-5650A Operating Interface (WSI) ... . 1-2 Parameters.
  • Page 8 Home State ....3-38 ToS Switching....B-13 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide...
  • Page 9 ToS Background ....B-13 Speed Up Eb/No Range..C-11 Detection of ToS Stamped Packets . . B-14 Target DPC (IP) Address ..C-11 Configuration .
  • Page 10 { This Page is Intentionally Blank } Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide...

  • Page 11: List Of Figures

    List of Figures Chapter 1 Figures Figure 3-21 Burstmap Multicast IP field ..3-20 Figure 3-22 Power Hunt field ... . .3-21 Figure 3-23 Outbound IP field... . .3-22 Figure 1-1 SLM-5650A Modem Router Unit .
  • Page 12 Figure B-8 ToS Remarking Application ..B-17 Figure C-7 Signal Power Levels, Remote SiteC-15 Figure B-9 ToS and DSCP Conversion Chart B-18 Figure B-10 ECM Switch Recovery: < 3 minutes . B-21 Figure B-11 ECM Switch Recovery: > 3 minutes . B-22 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide...

  • Page 13: List Of Tables

    List of Tables Chapter 2 Tables Table 2-1 SLM-5650A Network Roles and Functions ......2-3 Table 2-2 Vipersat Feature Configuration ..2-6 Appendix B Tables Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message .
  • Page 14 { This Page is Intentionally Blank } viii Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide...

  • Page 15: How To Use This Manual

    H A P T E R ENERAL How to Use This Manual This manual documents the enhanced Vipersat features and functions of the SLM-5650A Satellite Network Modem Router, and guides the user in how to configure this product for use in a Vipersat network. The material covered addresses only those areas specific to an SLM-5650A running in Vipersat mode, and complements the universal features and functions described in the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual.

  • Page 16: Chapter 3 - Using The Web Server Interface (Wsi)

    H o w t o U s e T h i s M a n u a l Chapter 3 — Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) Describes the use of the Web Page for configuring and monitoring the SLM- 5650A in a Vipersat network.
  • Page 17 H o w t o U s e T h i s M a n u a l The following documents are referenced in this manual, and provide supple- mentary information for the reader: • SLM-5650A Satellite Modem Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN-SLM5650A) •...

  • Page 18: Product Description

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t i o n Product Description Introduction The Vipersat SLM-5650A Satellite Network Modem Router offers state of the art performance and reliability in a sophisticated and cost-effective 1RU pack- age. The SLM-5650A integrates router functionality into the modem, completely eliminating external serial port cabling, and allowing connection of a four port 10/100/1000Base-T LAN switch directly to the modem.

  • Page 19: Router Features

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n Router Features • Fully Integrated Network Management using Vipersat Management System (VMS) • Management Security {FAST option} • Multi-Transponder Mode (MTM) Functions • Dynamic Power Control (DPC) for Environment or Mesh Links •...

  • Page 20: Turbo Product Coding

    IP voice, video, and data traffic. Turbo Product Coding The Comtech Vipersat SLM-5650A incorporates a Turbo Product Codec (TPC). TPC is an FEC technique that delivers significant performance improvement when compared to Viterbi with concatenated Reed-Solomon. TPC simultane- ously offers increased coding gain, lower decoding delay, and significant band- width savings.

  • Page 21: Proxy Arp

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n monitors the QoS queue depths and determines when to send the PAUSE frames (IEEE 802.3) for management of data flow traffic. Proxy ARP The Proxy ARP feature activates the SLM-5650A to perform as the proxy between the LAN and the satellite WAN and answer the ARP queries for a network address that is not on the given network.

  • Page 22: Bridged Point-To-Multipoint (Bpm) Routing Mode

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t i o n Bridged Point-to-Multipoint (BPM) Routing Mode Another option for Vipersat networks is the BPM routing mode that offers addi- tional flexibility and scalability of the satellite network by providing a combina- tion of routing and bridging functions.

  • Page 23: Customer Support

    Contact Information Contact Comtech Vipersat Network Products Customer Support for information or assistance with product support, service, or training on any Vipersat product. Mail: Attn: CTAC Comtech EF Data – Vipersat Network Products 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 Phone: 1+510-252-1462...
  • Page 24 C u s t o m e r S up p o r t { This Page is Intentionally Blank } 1-10 V i p e r s a t S L M - 5 6 5 0 A U s e r G u i d e...

  • Page 25: Quick Start Configuration

    H A P T E R UICK TART ONFIGURATION Introduction This chapter describes the minimum configuration of an SLM-5650A Network Processor that is necessary in order for the equipment to function in a Vipersat network. The CEFD SLM-5650A stores its configuration in an ASCII file named the file.

  • Page 26: Initial Configuration

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Initial Configuration Note: Many of the settings required for equipment configuration are based on NOTE the LAN/WAN and Satellite network design, and should be obtained from the network administrator.

  • Page 27: Network Role

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-1 NP Splash Screen Network Role The first and most important step prior to configuring the SLM-5650A is to define its network role. The SLM-5650A is a flexible network component able to perform different functions depending on how it is used in a network.

  • Page 28: Setting Vipersat Slm-5650A Operating Parameters

    Refer to the section “Vipersat Mode” on page 3-5 for additional details on the SLM-5650A’s network role and setting the appropriate Vipersat Working Mode. Setting Vipersat SLM-5650A Operating Parameters The following procedure is an example of using the WSI to bring an SLM-5650A with factory default settings to the configuration which allows the Vipersat functions to be accessible.

  • Page 29: Set The Vipersat Working Mode

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n The FAST Feature codes are entered using the front panel of the modem (figure 2-3). With the keypad, select Utility -> FAST -> Configuration -> Enter NP Code Enter the provided 20 digit code.
  • Page 30 I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Figure 2-4 Vipersat Working Mode Page Once the Vipersat Mode has been set, the Vipersat submenu will be made available for configuring and setting the Vipersat features according to table 2-2, below.

  • Page 31: Set The Ip Addressing

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Vipersat networks. For networks that call for BPM, see the section “Routing Mode” on page 3-6. Save the settings to flash by selecting Save from the Main Menu bar. Set the IP Addressing From the LAN submenu, select Interface to open the LAN Interface page (figure 2-5).

  • Page 32: Configure The Route Table

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Choosing Single mode sets the modem to accept all traffic—data, VMS, and management—that utilizes the Traffic IP Address of the Network Processor card for this modem.

  • Page 33: Creating The Static Routes

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Example: The IP address 172.16.0.0 is the private address network number for class B networks. If there is a router at the Hub with a connection to the Internet, the operator can define the local network as a class B.

  • Page 34: Dynamic Routing With Ospf

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n If this Hub unit is providing the TDM outbound, a route statement or statements defining satellite communications with the Remote units must be entered as well, as illustrated in the figure.

  • Page 35: Multicast Routing With Igmp

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Multicast Routing with IGMP For networks that will utilize the Vipersat IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) feature for multicast routing, additional routing configuration is required.
  • Page 36 I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n After all Tx parameters are entered, click the Transmit Submit button. Similarly, set the Receive parameters for Frequency Data Rate , and as specified by the network administrator Code Rate Demodulation...

  • Page 37: Set The Vipersat Configuration

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Set the Vipersat Configuration From the Vipersat submenu, select Vipersat to open the Vipersat Configuration page. The example shown in figure 2-9 depicts the page appearance for a Hub unit.
  • Page 38 I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n units common to a network and allows the VMS to manage multiple networks, each with its own unique network ID number. Set the Receive Multicast Address.

  • Page 39: Set The Home State

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Set the Home State From the Vipersat submenu, select Home State to open the Home State Configuration page (figure 2-10). Click the Set Current Config As Home command button in the lower portion of the page to set the current configuration as the Home State.
  • Page 40 Proceed to Chapter 3, "Using the Web Server Interface (WSI)," for additional details on configuring the target Vipersat SLM-5650A. 2-16 V i p e r s a t S L M - 5 6 5 0 A U s e r G u i d e...

  • Page 41: General

    H A P T E R SING THE ERVER NTERFACE (WSI) General This chapter describes the use of the WSI for configuring and monitoring the SLM-5650A Modem Router in a Vipersat network. Each web page related to an SLM-5650A operating in Vipersat mode is presented, along with a detailed description of the available commands.

  • Page 42: Figure 3-1 Network Processor Splashscreen

    G e n e r a l Login: comtech Password: comtech Once the operator has logged in, the Network Processor splashscreen is displayed as shown in figure 3-1. The WSI is an easy to use interface for configuring and monitoring all aspects of the SLM-5650A.

  • Page 43: Menu Descriptions

    Figure 3-2 Main Menu Bar A Vipersat SLM-5650A is normally shipped from the factory with the Vipersat FAST feature option already installed. This can be verified by checking that Vipersat appears in the Main Menu bar, as shown in Figure 3-2. Alternatively, this can be checked via the modem front panel under Utility: FAST ->View...

  • Page 44: Save Parameters To Permanent Storage

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Save Parameters to Permanent Storage To Save the current configuration to permanent Flash storage, select Save from the Main Menu bar, as shown in figure 3-3. Click on the Save Now button to initiate the save process, then click OK to confirm and complete the process.

  • Page 45: Information

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Information The specific firmware image versions and system up time for the Network Processor can be viewed by performing a mouseover on Info in the Main Menu bar and selecting Home from the submenu, as shown in figure 3-5.

  • Page 46: Routing Mode

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s The choice that is made here will determine the role that this SLM-5650A will perform in the network, and what type of commands and functions it will receive from the VMS.

  • Page 47: Fast Features

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s of the satellite network by providing a combination of routing and bridging functions. Note that this option is only available if the NP BPM FAST feature has been installed on the modem/router.

  • Page 48: Figure 3-7 Fast Features Page

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Figure 3-7 FAST Features Page Verify whether or not the Vipersat FAST Feature is (as shown). The Installed codes are entered per customer order prior to shipment from the factory; however, if the feature displays as , an updated FAST code will Not Installed...

  • Page 49: Vipersat Configuration

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Vipersat Configuration Mouseover Vipersat in the Main Menu Bar, as shown in figure 3-9, to display the submenu used for configuring the Vipersat features and functions for the SLM-5650A.

  • Page 50: Vipersat Role

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-10 Figure 3-10 Vipersat Configuration Page (Remote) Vipersat Role The Role field is display only, reflecting the Vipersat Working Mode setting that was configured earlier under Administration.

  • Page 51: Receive Multicast Address

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n The Network ID is used by the VMS to identify units that are common to a network and allows the VMS to manage multiple networks, each with its own unique Network ID number.

  • Page 52: Management Security

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n dancy (protected) configurations. The message interval is set by the managing VMS which uploads it to the modem. Activate this feature by selecting the Enabled radio button. Management Security Management Security is an optional Vipersat feature that provides encryption on all VMS management messages passed between the VMS and the network...

  • Page 53: Stdma Mode

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar. STDMA Mode The STDMA parameters for this SLM-5650A are accessed by selecting STDMA from the Vipersat submenu.

  • Page 54: Allocation Method

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n For comparison, the STDMA menu for an SLM-5650A operating as a Remote unit is shown in figure 3-13. Note that the configuration items for the Remote screen are a small subset of those for a Hub.

  • Page 55: Fixed

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-14 Hub Type Allocation Menu This selection determines whether available bandwidth will be a static (fixed) assignment, or whether bandwidth allocation will be dynamic with automatic switching to dynamically optimize bandwidth utilization.

  • Page 56: Entry Channel

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n been assigned slots, the burst map is checked to see if the total cycle length exceeds one second. If not, then all requirements are satisfied and the burst map is complete.

  • Page 57: Acquisition Mode

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n method for remotes with low latency requirements to re-enter the network once power is restored. Refer to Appendix B “Automatic Switching” for additional information on how each of the bandwidth allocation modes functions and the parameters used to calculate the commands for each mode.

  • Page 58: Cycles Per Burst Map

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Allocation of bandwidth is shared among the Remotes in an STDMA group. Depending on the number of Remotes in a network, a Hub may have multiple burst controllers, each with its own set of Remotes.

  • Page 59: Preamble Time

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Preamble Time This parameter, which appears in all Hub configurations, displays the current Slot Preamble size in milliseconds for the Remotes in the group. The Preamble is the period between when the Remote begins to transmit (sends an ACK) to the Hub and when the first data packet is sent.

  • Page 60: Burstmap Multicast Ip

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n one spin of the STDMA cycle by each of the Remotes belonging to that group. This is the amount of time that the Remote is provided to send data in the cycle. Depending on the Hub type that is defined for the modem, the appearance of this parameter will vary: •...

  • Page 61: Power Hunt

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Power Hunt Power Hunt is a transmission power control feature for the Remote modulator that functions while the Remote is in STDMA mode. This parameter provides compensation for instances when the initial (baseline) power value is insuffi- cient or during periods of impaired transmission, and assists in maintaining return link integrity.

  • Page 62: Automatic Remote Removal

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-23 Outbound IP field Automatic Remote Removal The Automatic Remote Removal feature appears on the STDMA page when the Unit Role is Hub, and is used to define the removal parameters for the Remotes that belong to the STDMA group for the Hub Burst Controller.

  • Page 63: Remote List Table

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Remote List Table The Remote List Table appears on the STDMA page when the Unit Role is Hub. The screen example shown in figure 3-25 is typical of the appearance for all allocation methods except for GIR and ECM, which are depicted in figure 3-26 and figure 3-27, respectively.

  • Page 64: Add Remote To Stdma Group

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-26 Remote List Table, GIR Hub Figure 3-27 Remote List Table, ECM Hub Add Remote to STDMA Group In the Add New Entry section, enter the Station Name for the Remote unit and the IP Address, then click the Add Entry button.

  • Page 65: Set Remote Policies-Gir And Ecm

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Set Remote Policies—GIR and ECM The STDMA page for GIR and ECM Hub types allows the configuration of each Remote for specific data switching conditions. GIR Remotes As shown in figure 3-26, two additional parameters—GIR and GIR Switch Rate—are settable in the table for the GIR Remotes.

  • Page 66: Enable/Disable Remote

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-28 Delete Table Entry field Enable/Disable Remote Included in the Remote List Table is the Status column displaying whether the station is currently Enabled or Disabled (figure 3-29).

  • Page 67: Stdma Hub Statistics

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n STDMA Hub Statistics The STDMA-Hub Statistics page (figure 3-30) provides information on burst cycle intervals, number of missed and received ACK’s per Remote, and the receive byte counts per burst.

  • Page 68: Stdma Remote Statistics

    The Remote statistics are useful for determining the status of remote terminal reception and troubleshooting burst transmission problems. Vipersat Switching One of the most powerful features of the Vipersat SLM-5650A is the capability to perform automatic switching between STDMA mode and SCPC mode based 3-28...

  • Page 69: Figure 3-32 Switching Page (Hub)

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n on bandwidth demand. The configuration options that are available to meet customer-specific requirements are extensive, and include switching based on Load and/or ToS (Type of Service).

  • Page 70: Load Switching

    Switching Page (Remote) Load Switching One of the four automatic switching functions that the Vipersat SLM-5650A is able to perform is Load Switching. The system will detect variations in data rate and can be configured to switch from STDMA to SCPC based on bandwidth requirements.

  • Page 71: Stdma Slot Capacity

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Note: Load switching must be Enabled for any SLM-5650A that will experience changing load conditions in order for the VMS to dynamically optimize NOTE network performance on these circuits.

  • Page 72: Percent Allocation

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Percent Allocation This parameter field appears for Hub modems only. The Percent Allocation parameter allows adding a fixed percentage to the channel bandwidth request to accommodate additional bandwidth requirements which may occur after the switch is made from STDMA to SCPC mode.

  • Page 73: Scpc Switch Delay

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n A default value (65%) is provided, but if a different threshold is desired, an alternate value can be specified by entering a value from 0–100% as shown in figure 3-38.

  • Page 74: Dynamic Power Control Configuration

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar. Dynamic Power Control Configuration Dynamic Power Control (DPC) is a Vipersat feature that acts to regulate the transmit power of the Vipersat satellite modem, such that the specified receive signal level (E ) for the Vipersat unit(s) receiving the transmission is met.

  • Page 75: Dynamic Power Control

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-42 DPC Configuration (Hub Expansion Demod) Note: The following descriptions will refer to the SLM-5650A as either modula- NOTE tor or demodulator for simplicity and understanding.

  • Page 76: Speed-Up Eb/No

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Speed-Up Eb/No The Speed-Up E range parameter provides a means of decreasing the power adjustment period when an excessive delta occurs between the E receive level and the target value.

  • Page 77: Margin

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Power button is clicked. Any modifications to the settings for Margin, Max Data Rate, Max Code Rate, and/or Max Modulation will require re-calculation of the Maximum Power value.

  • Page 78: Home State

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar. Home State An SLM-5650A’s Home State consists of those parameters which provide a known RF configuration that the modem/router will return to, either as the result of a command by the VMS, or as it comes back on line from a reset or a power cycle.

  • Page 79: Set Current Configuration As Home State

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n When Home State is Enabled, the valid settings for , and Code Rate Modulation are as follows: • Code Rate — 3/4 or 5/16 •...

  • Page 80: Additional Routing Configuration

    A d d i t i o na l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t i o n Additional Routing Configuration Basic routing is configured using the Routes page that appears under the Rout- ing menu (refer to the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual, P/N MN-SLM5650A).

  • Page 81: Figure 3-44 Ospf Parameters Page

    A d d i t i o n a l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t io n For Hub SLM-5650As that are providing the TDM Outbound for a satellite roaming network, set OSPF to Announcement Only.
  • Page 82 A d d i t i o na l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t i o n In Star mode, route changes at each Remote are only updated in the Hub. In Mesh mode, route changes at each Remote are updated in the Hub as well as distributed to all of the other Remotes.

  • Page 83: Ospf Timeout Description

    A d d i t i o n a l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t io n Hello Interval The Hello Interval parameter is the timer value for sending the Hello packet on the specified interface.

  • Page 84: Multicast Routing

    A d d i t i o na l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t i o n that SLM-5650A are deleted. If/when a subsequent Hello is received from this same modem/router, it is treated as a first Hello and the handshake protocol is initiated once again.
  • Page 85 A d d i t i o n a l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t io n Set the parameter fields as described below. For most applications, the default settings are recommended.
  • Page 86 A d d i t i o na l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t i o n { This Page is Intentionally Blank } 3-46 V i p e r s a t S L M - 5 6 5 0 A U s e r G u i d e...

  • Page 87: Appendix A Network Addressing

    P P E N D I X ETWORK DDRESSING Introduction This Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to configuring the SLM-5650A for use in Vipersat Networks. The subjects covered are: • OSI Model • Binary Math •...

  • Page 88: The Osi Reference Model

    T h e O S I R e f e r e n c e M o d e l The OSI Reference Model OSI is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. This is a network model created by ISO (the International Standardization Organization.) The OSI model is the basic standard which forms the basis for all networking protocols.
  • Page 89 T h e O S I R e f e r e n c e M o d e l Together, these two sub-layer protocols are responsible for moving packets on and off the network. Layer 3 / Network Layer – Layer 3 is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks.

  • Page 90: Binary Math

    B i na r y Ma t h Binary Math Network devices communicate using BITS, where a bit is a single digit repre- sented by a 1 or a 0, or by using BYTEs, where a byte is made up of eight bits in any combination of 1’s or 0’s.
  • Page 91 B i n ar y M at h changed the numbering base (radix.) All digital processes are done in binary. The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents. A p p e n d i x A - N e t w o r k A d d r e s s i n g...

  • Page 92: Ip Addressing

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g IP Addressing An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique set of numbers assigned to a device on a network to uniquely identify that device (by its IP address). An IP address is a unique number composed of four octets, with each octet separated by a dot.

  • Page 93: Class C

    I P A d d r e s s in g • 16-bit network number • 16-bit node number CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C Address Address High- High- Octet Octet Networks Networks Hosts Hosts Class Class Order-Bits Order-Bits Decimal Range Decimal Range Available Available...

  • Page 94: Class E

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g Class E • 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 • Reserved for experimental use and limited broadcast Private Network IP Addresses RFC 1918 defines blocks of addresses for use on private networks: •...

  • Page 95: Subnet Mask

    I P A d d r e s s in g In the process of subnetting, bits are borrowed from the host ID portion of an IP address and are then given to the network ID. Then a “Subnet Mask” gets assigned to the host along with the IP address.

  • Page 96: Network Segments

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g Dotted Decimal Dotted Decimal Address Address Binary Values Binary Values IP Address IP Address 192.168.2.66 192.168.2.66 11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010 11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010 Subnet Mask Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 ANDing Result ANDing Result 192.168.2.0 192.168.2.0 11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000...

  • Page 97: Default Gateways

    I P A d d r e s s in g Each of the four subnets can, in turn, support 64 members. The example subnet used above yielded 4 subnets, but you can use a different mask to meet the specific requirements of your network. Default Gateways A default gateway is a network device, usually a router, that is responsible for routing data packets out of the local network segment.

  • Page 98: Figure A-10 Network Node Mac Addresses

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g • The first six characters are issued to the organization. • The second six characters are assigned to the hardware interface by manufacturing. Figure A-10 Network Node MAC Addresses A-12 V i p e r s a t S L M - 5 6 5 0 A U s e r G u i d e...

  • Page 99: Appendix B Automatic Switching

    (Load switching) or Type of Service (ToS) detecting stamped pack- ets with Diffserv values. The following material applies to the Vipersat SLM-5650A. For purposes of simplicity, these units shall be referred to as modem/routers. The basic signal topology in a Vipersat network is TDM (Time Division Multi- plex) outbound and Vipersat’s proprietary STDMA (Selected Time Division...
  • Page 100 G e n e r a l meet their QoS and cost requirements within their bandwidth allocation. The result is a stable satellite network connection that automatically responds to the customer’s requirements while continuously monitoring and reacting to chang- ing load, data type, and QoS requirements. V i p e r s a t S L M - 5 6 5 0 A U s e r G u i d e...

  • Page 101: Load Switching

    L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switching Overview There are three primary functional components involved in the load switching process. • Hub STDMA Burst Controller(s)—These are the Hub units that provide the load switching detection mechanism for Remotes that are operating within the shared channel(s).

  • Page 102: Bandwidth Allocation And Load Switching By The Hub Stdma Burst Controller

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g switch is initiated. The data rate for the switch is computed by determining the current bandwidth requirement of the Remote, and adding some percentage of excess margin. The main difference between switching from STDMA to SCPC and adjusting within SCPC is that in STDMA mode, the current available bandwidth is constantly changing, while in SCPC mode, it is constant between switches.
  • Page 103 L o a d S w i t c h in g Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message Data Size in Unit of Type Bytes Description Measure Notes IP Address of Remote Used by Remote to identify itself Unsigned Queued Bytes Bytes Total number of bytes queued since last cycle (includes...
  • Page 104 L o a d S w i t c h i n g • Dynamic Slot Mode – The slot size for each Remote is computed based on the time (at the current data rate) needed to transmit all the “Bytes in Queue”.

  • Page 105: Load Switching-Stdma Hub

    L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switching—STDMA Hub Before discussing how load switching is determined, it is necessary to explain the modem/router parameters that control the switch. Hub Switching Parameters The screen shown in figure B-1 shows the entries in the Automatic Switching page at the Hub that are used to control load switching.

  • Page 106: Hub Switching Process

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g • Percent Allocation – This is an excess amount of bandwidth that is allocated beyond the current traffic rate when the switch to SCPC is made. For example, if the current average traffic at the time of the switch is 60 kbps, and the Percent Allocation is 10%, then the allocation will be for 60k + 6k = 66 kbps.

  • Page 107: Load Switching-Remote

    L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switching—Remote Once a Remote has been switched from STDMA mode to SCPC mode, it checks its bandwidth requirements to see if a change is needed. A running aver- age of the data traffic passing over the WAN is maintained as a percentage of the current data rate for the Remote.

  • Page 108: Determination For Switching

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g Same as the Hub parameter STDMA Switch Delay. • SCPC Step Up Excess – This is an additional amount of bandwidth that is allocated beyond the calculated traffic rate, and is added to each switch request.

  • Page 109: Figure B-3 Load Switching Diagram

    L o a d S w i t c h in g Figure B-3 Load Switching diagram A load switch is illustrated in figure B-3 using the following process: A load is generated by an application that is running at a Remote. In this example, the application is a video stream.

  • Page 110: Reduced Data Flow In Switched Mode (Scpc

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g channel space (bandwidth) requirements to accommodate the data flow requested by the STDMA Controller. 6. If the VMS finds available resources, it processes the switch request and sends tuning commands that switch the Remote out of STDMA and into SCPC mode.

  • Page 111: Tos Switching

    T o S S w i t c h i n g ToS Switching ToS Background The Type of Service (ToS) byte is an 8-bit field contained within the IP header portion of an IPv4 packet. This field provides a means of marking packets for traffic identification and classification purposes.

  • Page 112: Detection Of Tos Stamped Packets

    T o S S w i t c h i n g the clear and often provides the only mechanism for identifying and prioritize traffic within the network. The ToS switching feature in the SLM-5650A provides a reliable method for performing automatic dSCPC switching and is the preferred method for most encrypted environments that leave the IP header intact.

  • Page 113: Configuration

    T o S S w i t c h i n g Configuration The ToS switching feature can be configured within the SLM-5650A modem using either the CLI or the Web user interface. For simplicity, the Web interface (figure B-5) will be presented in this example. Figure B-5 Remote ToS Switching menu The remote ToS switching is optioned by selecting 'Enable' or 'Disable'.

  • Page 114: Example Implementations

    T o S S w i t c h i n g Example Implementations ToS Switching Per Device For applications that require an increase in SCPC bit rate for each application device a separate ToS value must be assigned to each device individually. This provides granular switching for each device and also allows a mesh connection to be established for each device independently.

  • Page 115: Tos Remarking

    T o S S w i t c h i n g ToS Remarking For situations where the application device is not capable of stamping a packet with a ToS value or where the application traffic is generated by a variety of different host and protocols ToS remarking should be considered.

  • Page 116: Mesh Setup Based On Tos Detection

    T o S S w i t c h i n g The information below can be used to convert between various formats: Convert from ToS to DSCP - Divide the ToS decimal value by 4 : Convert a ToS decimal value of 184 to DSCP Example DSCP = 184/4 DSCP = 46...
  • Page 117 T o S S w i t c h i n g remote 1 to the other remote involved. However the other remote must also detect. A p p e n d i x B - A u t o m a t i c S w i t c h i n g B-19...

  • Page 118: Entry Channel Mode (Ecm) Switching

    E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g Entry Channel Mode (ECM) Switching STDMA Entry Channel Mode provides a method for Remotes requiring SCPC access channels to enter/re-enter the network initially or after a power or other site outage.

  • Page 119: Figure B-10 Ecm Switch Recovery: < 3 Minutes

    E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e ( E C M ) S w i t c h in g Burst Map causing it to rejoin the network through ECM. The VMS will park the demodulator previously in use and free the bandwidth slot.

  • Page 120: Figure B-11 Ecm Switch Recovery: > 3 Minutes

    E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g ECM Switch Recovery > 3min. Burst Switched Remote Demod Demod State Unit Reboot Connected Satellite Delay...

  • Page 121: Appendix C Dynamic Power Control

    P P E N D I X YNAMIC OWER ONTROL Introduction Dynamic Power Control (DPC) provides a mechanism whereby Vipersat satel- lite links have their transmit power levels adjusted in order to optimize the receive signal quality, as measured by the corresponding demodulator E This optimization process acts to either increase or decrease transmitted signal levels in order to: •...
  • Page 122 I n t r o d u c t i o n caused, for example, by the use of different antenna sizes in a mesh network, or by rain fade conditions. Receive signal quality and use of system resources is optimized, resulting in a reduction in power amplifier intermodulation as well as conservation of satellite transmit power.

  • Page 123: Description

    Description Description The behavior of the Dynamic Power Control feature is designed to regulate power by utilizing the uplink margin to limit the maximum effective transmitted power (EIRP ) of the terminal. The DPC function in the IP-enabled Vipersat- optioned modems provides controls allowing an operator to input site budget numbers that compensate and limit modulator output power.

  • Page 124: Theory Of Operation

    D e s c r i p ti o n Offset adjustments to the modulator transmit power during rain fade conditions are applied to incoming switch commands from the VMS. This prevents possi- ble link failures due to power value changes associated with changes in band- width, modulation, etc.

  • Page 125: Figure C-1 Data Rate To Power Relationship, Dpc

    Description Mbps. With a set margin of 5 dB, the additive power is never greater than the set level at any rate, but still provides a full range of power, up to the site maxi- mum. Figure C-1 Data Rate to Power Relationship, DPC Note that only base rates are used in this example, with no alternative modula- tion or code rates.

  • Page 126: Figure C-2 Excessive Max Power Example

    D e s c r i p ti o n The Max Power calculator takes into consideration all the above variables and compares them to the modem BER waterfall curves to determine if the modula- tor range is sufficient to achieve the budgetary information. If the calculator returns an error [INVALID], the base level is either too high or the set parame- ters have exceeded the capacity of the equipment.

  • Page 127: Configuration

    Configuration point of the HPA. See “Signal Power Level Considerations” on page C-15 for more information. Configuration The DPC menus (CLI, Parameter Editor, WSI) provide configuration and cali- bration control to set up the site maximum power level. Note, however, that the Parameter Editor and the WSI only support a subset of what is available in the Command Line Interface (CLI).
  • Page 128 C o nf i g ur a t i o n Table C-1 DPC Parameters, Main Menu Parameter Menu Default Description SOTM Offset Main; Display Satcom-On-The-Move hunt power adjustment Modulator Only when operating in STDMA mode. When enabled, this offset value is applied to the BaseLine Power when switching into SCPC mode.

  • Page 129: Main Dpc Menu

    Configuration Table C-2 DPC Parameters, Calculate Max Power Menu Parameter Menu Default Description Calculate Max Calculate Calculate After entering all maximum budgetary settings, Power Max Power; Command this menu command will generate the Max Modulator Power value for the modulator. Max Power Calculate Display...

  • Page 130: Enable Dpc

    C o nf i g ur a t i o n changed from the CLI Calculate Max Power menu (figure C-5). The calculator function is not available from the Parameter Editor because it does not contain the information for the modem BER waterfall curves, which is vital to calculate maximum power.

  • Page 131: Speed Up Eb/No Range

    Configuration carrier value. When this value is received by the transmitting modulator, it is compared to the set value; if they are different, the modulator servos its output power level to achieve the targeted E level. The modulator DPC function can support multiple demodulators as assigned by the system.

  • Page 132: Figure C-5 Dpc Calculate Max Power Screen, Cli

    C o nf i g ur a t i o n This calculator uses the site budgetary numbers to determine the maximum power value when operating at peak transmission settings. After the operator enters all parameters and selects the Calculate Max Power command, the calcu- lator compares the values to base numbers and selected BER tables to determine the power budget based on the total margin.

  • Page 133: Calibrated Data Rate

    Configuration Calibrated Data Rate This is the Baseline Home State Data Rate and is used as the base reference value to calculate the maximum DPC Margin. DPC Margin The Margin setting governs the upper power limit for all combinations of wave- forms given.

  • Page 134: Max Power

    C o nf i g ur a t i o n Max Power After entering all site budgetary numbers and selecting the Calculate Max Power command, the system processes the max settings against the BER tables to determine and display the site maximum power limit. This maximum power value is achieved only when all parameters are dynamically set to maximum and the environmental conditions are at diminished capacities.

  • Page 135: Signal Power Level Considerations

    S i g n a l P o w e r L e v e l C o n s i d e r a t i o n s Signal Power Level Considerations There are many parameters to consider when planning and commissioning a site for satellite transmission.

  • Page 136: Power Considerations

    S i g n a l P o w e r L e v e l C o n s i d e r a t i on s level is then calculated based on the BUC’s P max minus the transmit cable loss.
  • Page 137 S i g n a l P o w e r L e v e l C o n s i d e r a t i o n s A good note here is that, with the typical LO frequencies as shown in the exam- ple above, transmit and receive L-band frequencies are widely separated.
  • Page 138 S i g n a l P o w e r L e v e l C o n s i d e r a t i on s Table C-3 Typical Coaxial Cable Characteristics Cable Type Max. Freq. O.D. Loss/100 Shielding Estimated...

  • Page 139: Appendix D Glossary

    P P E N D I X LOSSARY A signal used in computing and other fields to indicate acknowledgement, such as a packet message used in TCP to acknowledge the receipt of a packet. Address Resolution Protocol – A protocol for a LAN device to determine the MAC address of a locally connected device given its IP address.
  • Page 140 Bridge Point-to-Multipoint – Routing mode option available in the SLM-5650A satellite modem. BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying – Sometimes referred to as 2-PSK. A digital modu- lation technique in which the carrier is phase shifted +/-180 degrees (two phases). The simplest and most robust of all PSKs, but unsuitable for high data- rate applications when bandwidth is limited due to encoding just one bit per symbol.
  • Page 141 Fully Accessible System Topology Code – Designation for feature code used by Comtech EF Data for their satellite modems. The FAST method makes it A p p e n d i x D - G l o s s a r y...
  • Page 142 easy to quickly upgrade the feature options of a modem while it is running live in the network, either on site or remotely. FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access – A technique where multiple users can access a common resource (e.g. satellite) by each being allocated a distinct frequency for operation.
  • Page 143 High Power Amplifier – The amplifier used in satellite communications to raise the transmit signal to the correct power level prior to transmission to satellite. HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol – The Internet standard for World Wide Web (WWW) operation. The central site of a network which links to a number of satellite earth sites (Remotes).
  • Page 144 L-band A frequency band commonly used as an IF for satellite systems using block up/ down conversion. Typically 950–1450 MHz Rx, 1250–1750 MHz Tx. See also C-band and Ku-band. Local Area Network Low Latency Application Low Noise Amplifier – An amplifier with very low noise temperature used as the first amplifier in the receive chain of a satellite system.
  • Page 145 Remote node. Network Processor – Also referred to as the IP Module. An optional assembly for Comtech EF Data modems that provides the 10/100 BaseT Ethernet inter- face that is required when used in Vipersat networks.
  • Page 146 PLDM Path Loss Data Message – A packet message that is sent by older Vipersat modems (e.g., CDM-570/L) to the VMS every sixty seconds, providing status update and operating parameter information. Phase Shift Keying – A digital modulation scheme that conveys data by chang- ing the phase of a base reference signal, the carrier wave.
  • Page 147 Request For Comment – The official publication channel for Internet standards (such as communication protocols) issued by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Routing Information Protocol ROSS Roaming Oceanic Satellite Server RS-232 A common electrical/physical standard issued by the IEEE used for point to point serial communications up to approximately 115 kb/s.
  • Page 148 Streamload A proprietary Vipersat data streaming protocol. Protocol Status Update Message – A packet message that is sent by newer Vipersat modems (e.g., SLM-5650A) to the VMS every sixty seconds, providing status update and operating parameter information. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol – A standard for networking over unreliable transmission paths.
  • Page 149 VESP Vipersat External Switching Protocol – A switch-request protocol that allows external VPN equipment and Real-time proprietary applications to negotiate bandwidth requests between any two subnets on a Vipersat network. VESP is used by newer Vipersat modems (e.g., SLM-5650A) to send a switch request to the VMS to establish a new satellite link or adjust bandwidth for an existing link.
  • Page 150 { This Page is Intentionally Blank } D-12 V i p e r s a t S L M - 5 6 5 0 A U s e r G u id e...

  • Page 151: Index

    NDEX HAPTER calibration disabled 3-35 acquisition mode 3-17 enabled 3-35 long 3-17 3-19 margin 3-37 standard 3-17 3-19 admin code rate 3-37 FAST features data rate 3-37 Vipersat mode modulation 3-37 routing mode maximum power 3-36 allocation method 3-14 speed-up Eb/No 3-36 dynamic cycle 3-14...
  • Page 152 3-45 query interval 3-45 MAC address response interval 3-45 main menu bar robustness 3-45 management version 3-45 IP address info security 2-14 3-12 home managing IP address 2-14 3-11 logoff margin 3-37 IP addressing Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide Index-2...
  • Page 153 code rate 3-37 data rate 3-37 receive modulation 3-37 multicast address 2-14 3-11 maximum power 3-36 parameters 2-12 message digest key 3-43 redundancy 3-11 modem configuration 2-11 remote modulation 3-39 list table 3-23 multicast 2-11 add entry 3-24 multicast routing 3-44 delete entry 3-25...
  • Page 154 3-32 2-13 2-14 3-10 STDMA slot capacity 3-31 installing services STDMA switch delay 3-31 step down threshold 3-16 3-32 step up excess 3-33 working mode 2-13 3-10 step up threshold 3-16 3-32 switch delay 3-33 Vipersat SLM-5650A User Guide Index-4...

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