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Comtech EF Data Vipersat CDD-562L User Manual

Satellite network demodulator router
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Vipersat CDD-56X Series
Satellite Network Demodulator Router

User Guide

CDD-562L
CDD-564/564L
Part Number 22137 Revision 2.1

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Summary of Contents for Comtech EF Data Vipersat CDD-562L

  • Page 1: User Guide

    Vipersat CDD-56X Series Satellite Network Demodulator Router User Guide CDD-562L CDD-564/564L Part Number 22137 Revision 2.1...
  • Page 3 Vipersat CDD-56X Series CDD-562L, CDD-564/564L Version 1.5.x User Guide Part number 22137 Document Revision 2.1 Firmware Version 1.5.x January 30, 2007...
  • Page 4 Part Number 22137 Manual Revision 2.0 Firmware Version 1.5.x ©2006 by Comtech EF Data, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech EF Data, Inc. Comtech reserves the right to revise this publication at any time without obligation to provide notification of such revision.
  • Page 5 Document Revision Status Document Revision Date Description Affected Pages Rev. 1.0 9/20/05 Initial release of document Rev. 2.0 6/12/06 Revisions for firmware version 1.5.3 Rev. 2.1 1/30/07 Content updates; Logo change Misc.
  • Page 6 { This Page is Intentionally Blank }...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents General Terminal Connection ..2-2 Network Role ....2-2 How to Use This Manual ... 1-1 Setting Vipersat CDD-56X Operating Manual Organization .

  • Page 8: General

    Slot Preamble Length ..3-15 Receive Data Rate ..3-42 Slot Data Length ... . 3-16 Receive FEC Type .
  • Page 9 Introduction ....C-1 Get Information for Router v1.5.3 . . . D-11 Description....C-2 Upgrade Base Modem to v1.5.1 (CDM-570 Adjustment for Data Rate .
  • Page 10 { This Page is Intentionally Blank } Vipersat CDD-56X Series User Guide...

  • Page 11: List Of Figures

    List of Figures Chapter 2 Figures Figure 3-25 Remote SCPC Data Rate prompt3-23 Figure 3-26 Global SCPC Data Rate prompt .3-23 Figure 3-27 Global Switch Type prompt ..3-23 Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen....2-4 Figure 3-28 Delete Remote prompt .
  • Page 12 Appendix A Figures Appendix D Figures Figure A-1 The Seven OSI Protocol Layers . . .A-2 Figure D-1 Firmware Migration Stages—CDM-570 Figure A-2 Bits and Bytes....A-4 Figure A-3 Binary to Decimal Conversion .

  • Page 13: List Of Tables

    List of Tables Chapter 2 Tables Table 2-1 CDD-56X Network Roles and Functions Table 2-2 Vipersat Feature Configuration ..2-6 Appendix B Tables Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message ..B-3 Appendix C Tables Table C-1 Dynamic Power Control ParametersC-2...
  • Page 14 { This Page is Intentionally Blank } Vipersat CDD-56X Series User Guide viii...

  • Page 15: How To Use This Manual

    H A P T E R ENERAL How to Use This Manual This manual documents the enhanced Vipersat features and functions of the CDD-56X Series (CDD-562L, CDD-564, and CDD-564L) of Satellite Network Demodulator Routers, and guides the user in how to configure these products for use in a Vipersat network.

  • Page 16: Chapter 3 - Using The Command Line

    H o w t o U s e T h i s M a n u a l Chapter 3 — Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) Describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDD-56X in a Vipersat network.
  • Page 17 H o w t o U s e T h i s M a n u a l The following documents are referenced in this manual, and provide supple- mentary information for the reader: • CDD-564L L-Band Quad Demodulator with IP Module Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN/CDD564L.IOM) •...

  • Page 18: Product Description

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t i o n Product Description Introduction The Vipersat CDD-56X Satellite Network Demodulator Router is ideal for operators wishing to supply mesh connectivity between sites, while keeping network infrastructure costs down.

  • Page 19: Network And Bandwidth Management

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n • Single Hop On Demand (SHOD) functions • 10/100BaseT Ethernet LAN/WAN Interface • Static IP Routing for Unicast or Multicast • Header Decompression •...

  • Page 20: Stdma

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t i o n STDMA The addition of STDMA capability to a Vipersat network allows multiple termi- nals to share the same satellite resources that would be dedicated to a single terminal in an SCPC configuration.

  • Page 21: Payload Decompression

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n Payload Decompression Payload compression condenses the size of data frames and reduces the satellite bandwidth required to transmit across the link. Configurable on a per route basis, Payload Compression provides traffic optimization and reduces band- width up to 40%.

  • Page 22: Burst Fast Acquisition Timing (Bfat)

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t i o n Burst Fast Acquisition Timing (BFAT) The BFAT feature provides dramatic reduction in data acquisition times for Vipersat modems operating in STDMA (burst) mode at low data rates (64 kbps to 256 kbps).

  • Page 23: Ecm User Defined Switch Type

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n ECM User Defined Switch Type New SCPC switching flexibility is provided by the Entry Channel Mode (ECM) user-defined policy switch type feature. The STDMA Remote Policies can be set for the desired SCPC data rate (kbps) and the Switch Type (0=Load, 64-255 range is user-defined).

  • Page 24: Customer Support

    C u s t o m e r S up p o r t Customer Support Contact Information Contact Comtech Vipersat Networks Customer Support for information or assistance with product support, service, or training on any Vipersat product. Mail: 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 Phone: 1+510-252-1462...

  • Page 25: Quick Start Configuration

    H A P T E R UICK TART ONFIGURATION Introduction This chapter describes the minimum configuration of a Vipersat CDD-56X Series Demodulator Router that is necessary in order for the equipment to func- tion in a Vipersat network. The Vipersat CDD-56X Demodulator Router stores its configuration in an ASCII file named the PARAM file.

  • Page 26: Initial Configuration

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Initial Configuration Note: Many of the settings required for equipment configuration are based on NOTE the LAN/WAN and Satellite network design, and should be obtained from the network administrator.

  • Page 27: Setting Vipersat Cdd-56X Operating Parameters

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Table 2-1 CDD-56X Network Roles and Functions Demod Role / Location Expansion STDMA SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC Remote SCPC SCPC SCPC...

  • Page 28: Figure 2-1 Main Menu Screen

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen From the Administration screen shown in figure 2-2, select the Features Configuration command by entering F at the command prompt. Figure 2-2 Administration screen From the Feature Configuration menu shown in figure 2-3, verify...

  • Page 29: Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration Screen

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n the menu, enter F at the command prompt, then enter the 3 digit Feature Code followed by the Unlock Code, as shown in figure 2-4. Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration screen Figure 2-4...

  • Page 30: Set The Ip Address

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n When the reboot is completed, return to the Feature Configuration menu and configure the settings for Vipersat STDMA and Auto Switching according to the table below.

  • Page 31: Configure The Route Table

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-6 Ethernet Interface screen Enter I at the command prompt, and enter the IP address for this unit. Save the settings to flash by entering S at the command prompt. Configure the Route Table Routing in a Vipersat Network CDD-56X Demodulator Routers operating in Vipersat mode do not use the...

  • Page 32: Creating The Routes

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n usable addresses at the Hub as well as at the Remotes. For details on IP address- ing, refer to Appendix A, "Network Addressing". By putting the one route statement “Remotes 172.16.128.0/17 Wan to Sat”...

  • Page 33: Set The Satellite Demod Configuration

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-7 Configuring the Route Table screen In a Hub configuration, the default gateway will typically point to a router on the same LAN as the CDD-56X Hub unit.

  • Page 34: Set The Vipersat Configuration

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Enter R to access the Rx Configuration screen shown in figure 2-8. Set the Rx parameters for Frequency, Data Rate, FEC, Code Rate, and Modulation as specified by the network administrator.
  • Page 35 I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-9 Vipersat Configuration screen (Hub) Enter R at the command prompt to toggle the Unit Role to either Hub or Remote.
  • Page 36 I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Address of this CDD-56X must match the Transmit Multicast Address that has been assigned to the VMS. Enter I at the command prompt to set the Managing IP Address. The Managing IP Address is the IP address of the VMS server.

  • Page 37: Using The Command Line Interface (Cli)

    H A P T E R SING THE OMMAND (CLI) NTERFACE General This chapter describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDD-56X Demodulator/Router in a Vipersat network. Each CLI screen related to a CDD-56X operating in Vipersat mode is presented, along with a detailed description of the available commands.

  • Page 38: Common Screen Commands

    G e n e r a l Common Screen Commands The following commands appear on each of the menu screens: Demod Select Some feature configurations apply to the CDD-56X as a unit, others are set on a per Demod basis. This command (enter Z) allows the selection of one of the two (CDD-562L) or four (CDD-564/564L) Demodulators.

  • Page 39: Menu Descriptions

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Menu Descriptions This section details the CLI menus and associated screens, and briefly discusses the function of each of the commands available on each menu. Main Menu The Main Menu, shown in figure 3-1, allows configuring both the Demodula- tor and Router functions of the target CDD-56X.

  • Page 40: Feature Configuration

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Figure 3-2 Administration screen Enter an F at the prompt to display the Feature Configuration screen shown in figure 3-3. Feature Configuration Figure 3-3 Feature Configuration screen The Feature Configuration screen shown in figure 3-3 allows the Enabling and Disabling of the major Vipersat CDD-56X features.

  • Page 41: Vipersat Feature Codes

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Use this screen to enable and disable Vipersat features such as: • Vipersat STDMA — Burst mode operation • Vipersat Auto Switching — Allows switching to SCPC mode •...

  • Page 42: Vipersat Management

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Vipersat Management This item is an information-only display, and indicates whether Vipersat Management is Enabled or Disabled in the target CDD-56X. Activation of the Vipersat Feature Code automatically enables the Vipersat Management feature.
  • Page 43 M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s CDD-56X, toggle this command to Enabled by entering R at the command prompt. Once the parameters on the Feature Configuration screen have been set as desired, return to the Main Menu and enter the V command to display the Vipersat Configuration screen shown in figure 3-5.

  • Page 44: Vipersat Configuration

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Vipersat Configuration Entering V at the prompt from the CDD-56X Main Menu shown in figure 3-1 displays the Vipersat Configuration menu shown in figure 3-5. Figure 3-5 Vipersat Configuration screen (Hub) This menu lists the available commands for configuring a Vipersat CDD-56X.

  • Page 45: Figure 3-6 Stdma Screen

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n STDMA is disabled for these two role configurations and the options displayed on this screen do not apply. Figure 3-6 STDMA screen (Hub, STDMA, Fixed type) Figure 3-7 STDMA screen (Hub/Remote, SCPC)

  • Page 46: Stdma

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n STDMA This menu item is read-only and shows the current state of STDMA in the CDD-56X. In order to change the STDMA state, refer to the section “Feature Configuration”...

  • Page 47: Fixed

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n This selection determines whether available bandwidth will be a static (fixed) assignment, or whether bandwidth allocation will be dynamic with automatic switching to dynamically optimize bandwidth utilization.

  • Page 48: Entry Channel

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Note: GIR allocations are restricted so that assigned GIR totals cannot exceed the available bandwidth to insure proper bandwidth allocation when the NOTE network is overloaded.

  • Page 49: Low Data Rate Fast Acquisition

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n assigning a unique Group ID number to each controller and its associated remotes. Note: The STDMA Group ID number and the Network ID number are indepen- NOTE dent.

  • Page 50: Outbound Ip

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-10 Burstmap Multicast IP prompt Outbound IP This menu item, which appears for all Hub configurations, displays the current Outbound IP address.

  • Page 51: Slot Guardband

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-12 Cycles per Burst Map prompt Slot Guardband This menu item, which appears for all Hub configurations, displays the current length of the Slot Guardband in milliseconds and in bytes for the remotes in the group.

  • Page 52: Slot Data Length

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n rates allow for a shorter preamble, since it is easier to achieve signal lock. An 80 millisecond (ms) preamble is typical for a data rate of 512 kbps. Entering a P at the command prompt allows changing the preamble duration in milliseconds.

  • Page 53: Nominal Data Length

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Nominal Data Length This menu item, which appears for Dynamic Slot Hub type, displays the Nomi- nal slot Data Length in milliseconds and bytes for the remotes in the group, and represents the approximate amount of data that can be transmitted or received in one spin of the STDMA cycle by each of the remotes belonging to that group.

  • Page 54: Minimum Data Length

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-17 Maximum Data Length prompt Minimum Data Length This menu item, which appears for all Hub types except Fixed, displays the current Minimum Data Length in milliseconds and bytes for the remotes in the group, and represents the minimum amount of data that can be transmitted or received in one spin of the STDMA cycle by each of the remotes belonging to...

  • Page 55: Slot Start In Cycle

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Slot Start in Cycle This menu item appears in the STDMA screen when the Unit Role is Remote; however, it is not relevant since a Remote configuration does not enable STDMA.

  • Page 56: Base

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-20 Remote Name and IP Address prompt Once a Remote has been added to the group, its Status in the group is displayed by the use of the following letters: •...

  • Page 57: Remote Count

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-21 Base Remote Display prompt Remote Count The Remote Count menu item in figure 3-19 is an information-only display showing the total number of Remotes that currently belong to the STDMA group for this Hub burst controller.

  • Page 58: Figure 3-23 Gir Remote Policies Prompt

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-23 GIR Remote Policies prompt Set the Automatic Load Switch Rate to a value greater than the GIR to allow the Remote to be automatically switched out of STDMA and into SCPC mode when traffic exceeds the GIR.

  • Page 59: Delete Remote

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Switching feature Enabled (see the section “STDMA/SCPC Automatic Switch- ing” on page 3-29). Figure 3-25 Remote SCPC Data Rate prompt The Global SCPC Rate command can be used to set the data rate for all or a majority of the Remotes.

  • Page 60: Enable/Disable Remote

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-28 Delete Remote prompt Enter the number of the Remote CDD-56X at the command prompt to delete it from the STDMA group for this Hub burst controller. Enable/Disable Remote Enter E at the command prompt in figure 3-19 to display the dialog shown in figure 3-29.

  • Page 61: Remove Timeout

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n The display is for information only and pressing any key will return the screen to the menu shown in figure 3-19. Remove Timeout Entering R at the command prompt shown in figure 3-19 will display the Remove Timeout dialog shown in figure 3-31.

  • Page 62: Stdma Statistics

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n When a Remote is removed from the group Burst Map, as described in the section “Remove Timeout” above, entering a value in the Remove Retry Time- out dialog defines the amount of time (in seconds) that is allowed to pass before a retry attempt is made to return the removed Remote to the group.

  • Page 63: Stats Accumulation Window

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-34 STDMA Statistics screen (Remote) Stats Accumulation Window Entering W at the command prompt displays the Stats Accumulation Window as shown in figure 3-35.

  • Page 64: Figure 3-36 Show Hub Statistics Screen

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-36 Show Hub Statistics screen The Burst Controller monitors statistics in the received ACK from each Remote. The statistics report the fill status of the STDMA buffers. The Burst Controller builds a table of the group and calculates the relative buffer fill for each Remote.

  • Page 65: Stdma/Scpc Automatic Switching

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n STDMA/SCPC Automatic Switching One of the most powerful features of the Vipersat Network system is the capa- bility to perform Automatic switching between STDMA mode and SCPC mode based on bandwidth demand.

  • Page 66: Auto Switching

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-37 Automatic Switching screen The following sections describe the menu items of the STDMA/SCPC Auto Switching screen shown in figure 3-37. Auto Switching The Auto Switching item on the menu shown in figure 3-37 is for information only and shows the current configuration of the Hub CDD-56X.

  • Page 67: Stdma Slot Capacity

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n into SCPC, any requests to meet additional switching requirements within SCPC (Step Up or Step Down) are made by the Remote modem. Entering a B at the command prompt will toggle this feature On or Off for the target CDD-56X.

  • Page 68: Percent Allocation

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-39 STDMA Switch Delay prompt Percent Allocation The Percent Allocation menu item, shown in figure 3-37, allows adding a fixed percentage to the channel bandwidth request to accommodate additional band- width requirements which may occur after a switch is made from STDMA to SCPC mode.

  • Page 69: Unit Role

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Unit Role The Unit Role configuration determines whether the target CDD-56X is to function as a Remote or as a Hub in the Vipersat satellite network. From the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-5), enter R to display the dialog shown in figure 3-41.

  • Page 70: Network Id

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n When configured as an Expansion unit, either as a Hub (switched) or as a Remote (mesh), the CDD-56X is set up so that all demods are in SCPC mode and available as resources for dedicated communications with the other end of the satellite link.

  • Page 71: Receive Multicast Address

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-44 Unit Name prompt This name is displayed by the VMS and identifies the unit in Network Manager, the graphical network display. Receive Multicast Address The Receive Multicast Address is the multitcast IP address assigned to all CDD-56X units in the Vipersat network that are managed by the VMS server.

  • Page 72: Managing Ip Address

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Managing IP Address The Managing IP Address command in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-5) allows the IP address for the server running VMS to be entered. Enter I at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3-46.

  • Page 73: Dynamic Power Control Configuration

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n is configured in the VMS for each Remote in the network. Should communica- tions be lost for more than the specified time period, the Remote will automati- cally revert to its Home State settings and the VMS will remove all allocated resources (bandwidth, demod(s)), freeing them for use by any other Remote in the Vipersat network.

  • Page 74: Dpc Enabled

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-47 DPC Configuration screen (Hub, STDMA) Figure 3-48 DPC Configuration screen (Hub/Remote, SCPC) DPC Enabled The DPC Enabled command (enter E) is a toggle that allows the Dynamic Power Control feature to be either Enabled or Disabled.

  • Page 75: Speed Up Ebno

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Speed Up EbNo Normally, the PLDM (Path Loss Data Message) is sent every 60 seconds from each terminal in the network. If the current Eb/No value of the terminal drops below the Speed Up EbNo set value, the corresponding terminal increases its PLDM send rate to every 15 seconds until the current value becomes greater than the set value.

  • Page 76: Set Home State Parameters

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-50 Target DPC Address prompt The STDMA Burst Controller (Demod 1 on a CDD-56X configured as Hub with No Expansion) is not permitted to specify a DPC Target because the demodulator is receiving multiple bursts very rapidly from all Remotes in the group and is unable to utilize DPC to control the transmit power of the Remote modems.

  • Page 77: Set Current Configuration As Home State

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n A CDD-56X’s Home State settings are typically selected so that it goes to a configuration which is optimum for its function in the network. These parame- ters are configured on an individual, per demod basis.

  • Page 78: Receive Frequency

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n feature that is set from the Feature Configuration menu screen shown in figure 3-3. Setting the STDMA State to Enabled is only applicable for a CDD-56X that is configured as a Hub burst controller.

  • Page 79: Receive Fec Type

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Receive FEC Type Enter O to use the dialog shown in figure 3-55 to set the Receive FEC Type for the selected Demod’s Home State.

  • Page 80: Vipersat Summary

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-57 Receive Modulation Type prompt Vipersat Summary The Vipersat Summary screen can be viewed by entering D at the command prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-5).

  • Page 81: Vipersat Migration

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n the VMS in an N:M redundancy configuration. This interval is specified in the VMS. Vipersat Migration The Vipersat Migration command is used to set the compatibility mode for the Hub Burst Controller when conducting a firmware upgrade on the associated Remotes.
  • Page 82 V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n { This Page is Intentionally Blank } V i p e r s a t C D D - 5 6 X S e r i e s U s e r G u i d e 3-46...

  • Page 83: Network Addressing

    P P E N D I X ETWORK DDRESSING Introduction This Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to configuring the CDD-562L/564/564L for use in Vipersat Networks. The subjects covered are: • OSI Model • Binary Math •...

  • Page 84: The Osi Reference Model

    T h e O S I R e f e r e n c e M o d e l The OSI Reference Model OSI is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. This is a network model created by ISO (the International Standardization Organization.) The OSI model is the basic standard which forms the basis for all networking protocols.
  • Page 85 T h e O S I R e f e r e n c e M o d e l Together, these two sub-layer protocols are responsible for moving packets on and off the network. Layer 3 / Network Layer – Layer 3 is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks.

  • Page 86: Binary Math

    B i na r y Ma t h Binary Math Network devices communicate using BITS, where a bit is a single digit repre- sented by a 1 or a 0, or by using BYTEs, where a byte is made up of eight bits in any combination of 1’s or 0’s.
  • Page 87 B i n ar y M at h changed the numbering base (radix.) All digital processes are done in binary. The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents. A p p e n d i x N e t w o r k A d d r e s s i n g...

  • Page 88: Ip Addressing

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g IP Addressing An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique set of numbers assigned to a device on a network to uniquely identify that device (by its IP address). An IP address is a unique number composed of four octets, with each octet separated by a dot.

  • Page 89: Class C

    I P A d d r e s s in g • 16-bit network number • 16-bit node number CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C Address Address High- High- Octet Octet Networks Networks Hosts Hosts Class Class Order-Bits Order-Bits Decimal Range Decimal Range Available Available...

  • Page 90: Class E

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g Class E • 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 • Reserved for experimental use and limited broadcast Private Network IP Addresses RFC 1918 defines blocks of addresses for use on private networks: •...

  • Page 91: Subnet Mask

    I P A d d r e s s in g In the process of subnetting, bits are borrowed from the host ID portion of an IP address and are then given to the network ID. Then a “Subnet Mask” gets assigned to the host along with the IP address.

  • Page 92: Network Segments

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g Dotted Decimal Dotted Decimal Address Address Binary Values Binary Values IP Address IP Address 192.168.2.66 192.168.2.66 11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010 11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010 Subnet Mask Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 ANDing Result ANDing Result 192.168.2.0 192.168.2.0 11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000...

  • Page 93: Default Gateways

    I P A d d r e s s in g Each of the four subnets can, in turn, support 64 members. The example subnet used above yielded 4 subnets, but you can use a different mask to meet the specific requirements of your network. Default Gateways A default gateway is a network device, usually a router, that is responsible for routing data packets out of the local network segment.

  • Page 94: Figure A-10 Network Node Mac Addresses

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g • The first six characters are issued to the organization. • The second six characters are assigned to the hardware interface by manufacturing. Figure A-10 Network Node MAC Addresses V i p e r s a t C D D - 5 6 X S e r i e s U s e r G u i d e A-12...

  • Page 95: Automatic Switching

    P P E N D I X UTOMATIC WITCHING General Automatic switching is a feature of the VMS that allows dynamically changing the network configuration in response to changes in either traffic type (Applica- tion switching) or network traffic loads (Load switching.) The following material applies to the Vipersat CDM-570/570L, CDD-562L/ 564/564L, and CDM-600.

  • Page 96: Bandwidth Allocation And Load Switching

    G e n e r a l meet their QoS and cost requirements within their bandwidth allocation. The result is a stable satellite network connection that automatically responds to the customer’s requirements while continuously monitoring and reacting to chang- ing load, data type, and QoS requirements. Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching Load Switching is the mechanism by which the Vipersat network switches a Remote terminal from STDMA to SCPC mode based on traffic levels at the...

  • Page 97: Load Switching

    L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switching The next sections describe the principles behind Load Switching and Rate Adjustment (Step Up/Step Down). Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching by the STDMA Controller As part of normal STDMA processing, the Hub monitors the traffic levels from each of the Remotes for which it is allocating bandwidth.
  • Page 98 L o a d S w i t c h i n g If there is adequate upstream bandwidth available, the values of these two metrics will be the same. However, if there is not enough bandwidth to satisfy the traffic requirements of the Remote, or if the Remote has exceeded the maxi- mum allocation, some data will be held for the next cycle.

  • Page 99: Figure B-1 Auto Switching Menu (Hub

    L o a d S w i t c h in g size and the remaining bandwidth is distributed amongst Remotes that have been assigned a GIR rate. This approach is based on the assumption that Remotes that have been assigned a GIR are paying a premium and should benefit from available excess bandwidth when needed.

  • Page 100: Load Switching Process

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g • Load Switching - This is a type of Automatic Switching that is based on the amount of traffic at a Remote. If this mode is not set, then no Remote will be switched based on load.

  • Page 101: Load Switching By A Remote

    L o a d S w i t c h in g current load, as indicated by the bytes queued during the delay period, multiply- ing it by the percent allocation and rounding up to the next 16 Kbps. A key point is that in most of the STDMA modes, the bandwidth allocated to each Remote is constantly being adjusted to the needs of the network.

  • Page 102: Determining Need-For-Change

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g • SCPC Step Down Threshold - Similar to STDMA Slot Capacity at Hub, except Step Down is used to trigger a switch if the average load falls below this value.

  • Page 103: Figure B-3 Load Switching Diagram

    L o a d S w i t c h in g Figure B-3 Load Switching diagram A load switch is illustrated in figure B-3 using the following process: A load is generated by an application that is running at a Remote. In this example, the application is a video stream.

  • Page 104: Reduced Data Flow In Switched Mode (Scpc

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g channel space (bandwidth) requirements to accommodate the data flow requested by the STDMA Controller. 6. If the VMS finds available resources, it processes the switch request and sends tuning commands that switch the Remote out of STDMA and into SCPC mode.

  • Page 105: Application Switching

    A p p l i c a t i o n S w i t c h in g Application Switching Application switching, illustrated in figure B-4, also is capable of changing bandwidth use, but the change is determined entirely by the type of application being requested, ignoring load requirements.
  • Page 106 A p p l i c a t i o n S w i t c h i n g • Voice over IP (VoIP) Each application type will have been assigned a bandwidth allocation when the policy for the Remote is established. The voice application, for example, might have had the bandwidth set in the policy to handle three simultaneous voice connections.

  • Page 107: Type Of Service (Tos) Switching

    T y p e o f S e r v i c e ( T o S ) S w i t c h in g Type of Service (ToS) Switching Type of Service (ToS) Switching is typically used on circuits carrying encrypted traffic where the packets cannot be examined to determine the type of traffic being carried.

  • Page 108: Entry Channel Mode (Ecm) Switching

    E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g Entry Channel Mode (ECM) Switching STDMA Entry Channel Mode provides a method for Remotes requiring SCPC access channels to enter/re-enter the network initially or after a power or other site outage.

  • Page 109: Figure B-5 Ecm Switch Recovery: < 3 Minutes

    E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e ( E C M ) S w i t c h in g Burst Map causing it to rejoin the network through ECM. The VMS will park the demodulator previously in use and free the bandwidth slot.

  • Page 110: Figure B-6 Ecm Switch Recovery: > 3 Minutes

    E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g ECM Switch Recovery > 3min. Burst Switched Remote Demod Demod State Unit Reboot Connected Satellite Delay...

  • Page 111: Dynamic Power Control

    P P E N D I X YNAMIC OWER ONTROL Introduction Dynamic Power Control (DPC) provides a mechanism whereby VIPERSAT satellite links have their transmit power levels adjusted in order to optimize the receive signal quality (as measured by the demodulator Eb/No). This optimiza- tion process acts to either increase or decrease transmitted signal levels in order •...

  • Page 112: Description

    I n t r o d u c t i o n power control algorithm is a closed loop servo-mechanism with the received Eb/No values as the input function and the modulator’s transmit power as the output function. Only modulator transmit power is controlled by the algorithm since the receive chain has its own automatic gain control.

  • Page 113: Adjustment For Data Rate

    Introduction Table C-1 Dynamic Power Control Parameters Parameter Default Significance Target Range 0.2 dB Target range for no power adjustment; No adjustment occurs when power is within this range Speed Up 5 dB DPC and PLDM process speeded up from default Eb/No (1/min) if Eb/No is below this amount The start point for all enabled modulators is the Nominal Power Level.

  • Page 114: Dpc Scaling Function

    I n t r o d u c t i o n DPC Scaling Function Max Ratio Nominal Ratio Max Power (Saturation) Calibrated Nominal Power Level Current (Scaled) Max Power Current Calibrated Data Rate Data Rate Data Rate Figure C-1 DPC Scaling Function Figure C-1 illustrates the scaling function, based on the ratio of power level to data rate, of the DPC system.
  • Page 115 Introduction menu). If these home state parameters have not been entered, DPC will not be able to function and will disable itself, resulting in an error message that is displayed in the CLI. Under most circumstances, the system will be running at the Calibrated Data Rate, at the Calibrated Nominal Power level.
  • Page 116 I n t r o d u c t i o n { This Page is Intentionally Blank } V i p e r s a t C D M - 5 6 X S e r i e s U s e r G u i d e...

  • Page 117: Network Migration

    P P E N D I X ETWORK IGRATION Upgrading CDM-570/CDD-56X Series Modems to Firmware Version 1.5.3 General This document covers the migration of networks with CDM-570 and CDD-56X series modems to IP Router firmware version 1.5.3 from any earlier versions of code.
  • Page 118 G e n e r a l provided to facilitate picking up new or offline units. This migration tool includes temporary control parameters for Hub units that allow the operator to select an operation mode that is compatible with Remotes running v1.5.2 (or earlier) firmware.

  • Page 119: Firmware Upgrade

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Firmware Upgrade Upgrade Overview This procedure describes the v1.5.3 firmware upgrade process using both the Vipersat Vload Utility and a Telnet connection. For detailed information on using Vload, refer to the Vload Utility User Guide.

  • Page 120: Migration Procedure

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e 3) Save to Flash on all units and reset them to Latest/Oldest. 4) "Get Information" (VLOAD needs current information before performing each step). 5) Upgrade Bulk Image location #1 on the Base Modem to v1.4.5 and reset all boxes to "Latest"...

  • Page 121: Getting Information With Vload

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Figure D-2 Main Menu, Telnet 2. Ensure that the Upgrade To setting is Oldest; if not, enter U to modify the setting. Figure D-3 Operations and Maintenance Menu 3.

  • Page 122: Figure D-4 Initial Vload Screen

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Note that Add All will find all units on the network, which for a large network will result in an extensive list. Once the list is generated, units can be removed individually.

  • Page 123: Upgrade Router To V1.5.3

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e 2. Select, Edit, or Add the desired Multicast address(es) in the Add All dialog, then click OK. The list of units appears in the main Vload window, along with the progress status of connecting and retrieving information for each unit.

  • Page 124: Figure D-7 Put Application Screen

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Network or installed networks with large TDM or DVB Outbound Carriers. Take care not to over-run the outbound (TDM) transmission rate. • CodeCast - Vload will multicast to all selected IP addresses. The units must all have the same CodeCast address.

  • Page 125: Save And Reboot To Latest

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Figure D-8 Progress Status, Put Application Save and Reboot to Latest Using either VMS or CLI, Save the parameters for each unit to flash. Then, using Vload, reboot with Hard Reset to Latest.

  • Page 126: Figure D-9 Hard Reset Screen

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Figure D-9 Hard Reset screen 2. Observe the main window again to monitor the progress status for successful completion of this Put operation. Figure D-10 Progress Status, Put Completion V i p e r s a t C D D - 5 6 X S e r i e s U s e r G u i d e D-10...

  • Page 127: Get Information For Router V1.5.3

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Get Information for Router v1.5.3 Figure D-11 Unit Information screen (Router) The new unit information will show that Image 1 Version=1.5.3 and that the Application Version=1.5.3. The application CurrentBoot should = the image slot location of 1.5.3, and NextBoot=Latest and Save=Oldest.

  • Page 128: Upgrade Base Modem To V1.5.1 (Cdm-570 Only

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e 2. Save the configuration file. Open it using WordPad. Insure that the lines shown in figure D-13 are in the configuration near the bottom of the file. Figure D-13 Configuration File Text 3.

  • Page 129: Upgrade Image 1 On Base Modem To V1.5.1

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e 2. Put the v1.4.5 modem firmware using the appropriate selected mode (Con- secutive, Concurrent, or CodeCast). Figure D-15 Download v1.4.5 and Hard Reset screen 3. When the file transfer is completed, Hard Reset the Modem(s). Upgrade Image 1 on Base Modem to v1.5.1 4.

  • Page 130: Download Base Modem V1.5.1 To Image 2

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e If the file can not be found, it can be downloaded from the Comtech EF Data web site: http://www.comtechefdata.com/ The FW10805U.bin file can be found under Downloads, Flash Upgrades.

  • Page 131: Download Router V1.5.3 To Image 2

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e 2. Repeat the Download procedure for the Base Modem v1.5.1 firmware file, but do not perform a Hard Reset; it is not necessary to reboot the modem again.

  • Page 132: Completing Migration

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Completing Migration Picking Up Straggler/Offline Remotes Ideally, all Remote units will be online during the migration phase. However, in a live network this cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, Vipersat provides a way to temporarily revert the TDM outbound and Burst Controller(s) to v1.5.2 HDLC WAN Framing compatibility mode.

  • Page 133: Figure D-22 Vipersat Configuration Screen

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Figure D-22 Vipersat Configuration screen The Vipersat Migration Parameter "M" is available only on Hub non-expansion units. Figure D-23 Vipersat Migration prompt Select O to set the old framing mode to v1.5.2 or earlier. This parameter must be set in both outbound and inbound units to properly transmit/receive to/from Remote units.
  • Page 134 F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e The straggler Remotes will now frame on the TDM outbound signal. The asso- ciated Burst Controller(s) will frame on the inbound signals from these Remotes ONLY.

  • Page 135: Glossary

    P P E N D I X LOSSARY – A closed loop mechanism controlling the gain Automatic Limit Control stabilization of the HPA’s RF output power. Asynchronous Party Line – A VIPERSAT term for RS-485 multi-drop bus used for control of indoor equipment. See also SPL. Address Resolution Protocol –...
  • Page 136 Bits Per Second – A measure of transmission speed. See also kb/s & Mb/s. BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying – A modulation technique in which the carrier is phase shifted +/-180 degrees. See also QPSK. C-Band A frequency band commonly used for satellite communications (and sometimes terrestrial microwave).
  • Page 137 Eb/No Eb/No Ratio Eb = energy per bit No = noise power density per Hz. The bit error rate (BER) for digital data is a decreasing function of this ratio. Eb is the energy of an information bit. Eb is measured in Joules, or equivalently in Watts per Hertz.
  • Page 138 Graphical User Interface – A form of graphical shell or user interface to a computer operating system. HDLC High Level Data Link Control – A standard defining how data may be transmit- ted down a synchronous serial link. High Power Amplifier – The amplifier used in satellite communications to raise the transmit signal to the correct power level prior to transmission to satellite.
  • Page 139 Ku-Band A frequency band used for satellite communications. For terrestrial earth stations the receive frequency band is in the range 10.95 – 12.75 GHz and trans- mit 14.0 – 14.5 GHz. See also C-band. L-Band A frequency band commonly used as an IF for satellite systems using block up/ down conversion.
  • Page 140 Network Address Translation – An Internet standard that enables a local-area network (LAN) to use one set of IP addresses for internal (private) traffic and a second set of addresses for external (public) traffic. Network Operation Center – Has access to any earth station installed using the VIPERSAT Network Control System (VNCS).
  • Page 141 QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying – A modulation technique in which the carrier is phase shifted +/-90 or +/-180 degrees. See also BPSK. Radio Frequency – A generic term for signals at frequencies above those used for baseband or IF. Request For Comment –...
  • Page 142 STDMA Selective Time Division Multiple Access – A multiple access technique where users time-share access to a common channel with selective sized time slots allocated on usage. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol – A standard for networking over unreliable transmission paths. See also UDP. TDMA Time Division Multiple Access –...
  • Page 143 Vipersat Object Service Wizard A specialized program which performs a specific function, such as installing an application (installation wizard). WRED Weighted Random Early Detection – A queue management algorithm with congestion avoidance capabilities and packet classification (QoS) providing prioritization. A p p e n d i x G l o s s a r y...
  • Page 144 { This Page is Intentionally Blank } V i p e r s a t C DD - 56 X S e r i e s U s e r G u id e E-10...

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