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Comtech EF Data Vipersat CDM-570 User Manual

Satellite network modem router
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Vipersat CDM-570/570L
Satellite Network Modem Router

User Guide

Part Number 22125 Revision 2.0

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Summary of Contents for Comtech EF Data Vipersat CDM-570

  • Page 1: User Guide

    Vipersat CDM-570/570L Satellite Network Modem Router User Guide Part Number 22125 Revision 2.0...
  • Page 3 Vipersat CDM-570/570L Version 1.5.3 User Guide Part number 22125 Document Revision 2.0 Firmware Version 1.5.3 May 12, 2006...
  • Page 4 Comtech VIPERSAT Networks, Inc. 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 Phone: (510) 252-1462 Fax: (510) 252-1695 www.vipersat.com Part Number 22125 Manual Revision 2.0 Firmware Version 1.5.3 ©2006 by Comtech VIPERSAT Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech VIPERSAT Networks, Inc.
  • Page 5 Document Revision Status Document Revision Date Description Rev. 1.0 10/06/05 Initial release of document Rev. 2.0 5/12/06 Modifications for Firmware version 1.5.3 The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice or obligation. Although CVNI has made every effort to verify the content of this document, CVNI assumes no responsibility for liability due to errors that may appear in this document.
  • Page 6 { This Page Intentionally Blank }...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Network Role ....2-3 Table of Contents Setting Vipersat CDM-570/570L Operating Parameters....2-4 Set the Feature Configuration .

  • Page 8: General

    MAC Addresses ....A-11 Automatic Switching General ....Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching . B-1 Vipersat CDM-570/570L User Guide...
  • Page 9 Load Switching ....B-2 Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching by the STDMA Controller:..B-2 Load Switching Process ..B-6 Load Switching by a Remote .
  • Page 10 Vipersat CDM-570/570L User Guide...

  • Page 11: List Of Figures

    Chapter 2 Figures Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen....2-5 Figure 2-2 Administration screen ... 2-5 Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration screen ..2-6 Figure 2-4 Feature and Unlock Code dialog.
  • Page 12 Figure D-16 Unit Information screen (final status) D-12 Figure D-17 Main Menu screen, CLI..D-13 Figure D-18 Vipersat Configuration screen . D-14 Figure D-19 Vipersat Migration prompt..D-14 Vipersat CDM-570/570L User Guide...

  • Page 13: How To Use This Manual

    CDM-570/570L Installation and Operation Manual. Earth station engineers, technicians, and operators responsible for the configu- ration and maintenance of the CDM-570/570L are the intended audience for this document. Manual Organization This User Guide is organized into the following sections: Chapter 1 —...

  • Page 14: Chapter 3 - Using The Command Line

    Chapter 3 — Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) Describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDM-570/ 570L in a Vipersat network. Each CLI screen is presented along with a detailed description and related commands. Appendix A — Network Addressing Supplemental reference information on binary math and network addressing to assist with integrating the CDM-570/570L into a Vipersat network.
  • Page 15 The following documents are referenced in this manual, and provide supple- mentary information for the reader: • CDM-570/570L Modem Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN/CDM570L.IOM) • Vipersat Management System User Guide (Part Number 22156) C h ap t e r...

  • Page 16: Product Description

    Hub or Remote utilizing TDM/STDMA, SCPC, and IP circuit switched management, offering flexibility and control of private satellite networks. The CDM-570/570L is designed to connect low- to high-speed data link connections between Ethernet LAN to WAN networks, providing a variety of communications services to Operators, Service Providers, and Enterprise Users.

  • Page 17: Network And Bandwidth Management

    The Vipersat network solution integrates this advanced modem/router with the powerful network management tool, the Vipersat Management System (VMS). The VMS provides for traditional monitor and control of the CDM-570/570L modem, but more than just an M&C package, the VMS allows these units to share bandwidth, and when needed, switch automatically to a dedicated SCPC channel.

  • Page 18: Turbo Product Coding

    Payload Compression optimizes traffic and reduces bandwidth up to 40%. Quality of Service The CDM-570/570L supports multi-level QoS that minimizes jitter and latency for real time traffic, provides priority treatment to mission critical applications, and allows non-critical traffic to use the remaining bandwidth. Three modes are available: Max/Priority, Min/Max, and Diff Serv.

  • Page 19: 1.5.3 Release

    SCPC bandwidth utilization. Parameter File Consolidation Configuration parameters for the entire CDM-570/570L modem (base modem plus IP router module) are now stored in one common parameter file. All C h ap t e r...

  • Page 20: Vipersat File Streaming (Vfs)

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t i o n modem parameters are now preserved across firmware upgrades and reboots, eliminating a potential cause of communications failure. Vipersat File Streaming (VFS) The Vipersat File Streaming feature option allows data files to be streamed over the Vipersat network at high transmission rates between PC hosts running the VFS application.

  • Page 21: Customer Support

    Customer Support Contact Information Contact Comtech Vipersat Networks Customer Support for information or assistance with product support, service, or training on any Vipersat product. Mail: Phone: Fax: Email: Return Material Authorization Any equipment returned to Vipersat must have a Return Material Authorization (RMA) issued prior to return.
  • Page 22 C u s t o m e r S up p o r t { This Page is Intentionally Blank } V i p e r s a t C D M - 5 7 0 / 5 7 0 L U s e r G u i d e 1-10...

  • Page 23: Quick Start Configuration Introduction

    Manual (Part Number MN/CDM570L.IOM) for general instruction on setting up, installing and configuring this equipment. Note: Before attempting to configure a CDM-570/570L to be used in a Vipersat NOTE network, make certain it has the Vipersat option installed and enabled.
  • Page 24 I n t r o d u c t i o n Caution: Do not connect the TX and RX cables to test equipment without the use of a DC voltage block. If BUC or LNB power is disabled through the CLI, the setting must be Saved to prevent accidental re-enabling during modem reboot or power-cycle.

  • Page 25: Initial Configuration

    Once the operator has logged in, the Main Menu shown in figure 2-1 is displayed. Network Role The first and most important step prior to configuring the CDM-570/570L is to define its network role. The CDM-570/570L is a flexible network component able to perform different functions depending on how it is used in a network.

  • Page 26: Setting Vipersat Cdm-570/570L Operating Parameters

    Set the Feature Configuration The operating parameters that will be configured in the target CDM-570/570L are, in part, determined by the role the CDM-570/570L is to fill in the network, as shown in table 2-1 and table 2-2. Use the following procedure to configure a CDM-570/570L to the network role it is to fill in a Vipersat network.

  • Page 27: Figure 2-1 Main Menu Screen

    Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen From the Administration screen shown in figure 2-2, select the Features Configuration command by entering F at the command prompt. Figure 2-2 Administration screen From the Feature Configuration menu shown in figure 2-3, verify whether or not the Vipersat Feature Codes appear as shown in the figure. These codes are entered prior to shipment from the factory;...

  • Page 28: Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration Screen

    Tip: The network administrator will have the feature and unlock codes. These are stored by the MAC address for the target CDM-570/570L. The target unit’s MAC address can be found by entering an I and then an E from the Main Menu shown in figure 2-1.

  • Page 29: Set The Ip Address

    Table 2-2 CDM-570/570L Network Roles and Features Unit Role Hub Expansion Remote Remote Expansion Save the settings to flash by entering S at the command prompt. Enter X at the command prompt to exit the Feature Configuration menu and return to the Administration screen.

  • Page 30: Configure The Route Table

    The following procedure outlines the basic route structure that the target CDM-570/570L will require for its role in the network. One of the key routes V i p e r s a t C D M - 5 7 0 / 5 7 0 L U s e r G u i d e...

  • Page 31: Figure 2-6 Configuring The Route Table Screen

    Configuring the Route Table screen In a Hub configuration, the default route will typically point to a router on the same LAN as the CDM-570/570L Hub unit. In a Remote configuration, the default route will typically point to the satellite modem used for communications back to the Hub.

  • Page 32: Set The Satellite Modem Configuration

    Modulation as specified by the network administrator. Note that only Turbo Product Coding is acceptable for FEC when the CDM-570/570L is running in Vipersat mode. Figure 2-7 Enter R to access the Rx Configuration screen, and set the Rx parameters as specified by the network administrator.

  • Page 33: Set The Vipersat Configuration

    Enter E to set the Expansion Unit value (Yes or No). When configured as an expansion unit, either as a hub (switched) or as a remote (mesh), the CDM-570/570L is set up so that the demod is in SCPC mode and available as a resource for dedicated communications with the other end of the satellite link.
  • Page 34 W to set the current configuration as the home state. Save the settings to flash by entering S at the command prompt. This completes the initial configuration of a CDM-570/570L from the factory default settings to a functioning, Vipersat-enabled unit. Additional configura- tion parameters must be set depending on the network requirements for a specific application.

  • Page 35: Using The Command Line Interface (Cli)

    This chapter describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDM-570/570L Modem Router in a Vipersat network. Each CLI screen related to a CDM-570/570L operating in Vipersat mode is presented, along with a detailed description of the available commands. For descriptions of all other screens, refer to the CDM-570/570L Installation and Operation Manual.

  • Page 36: Exit

    G e n e r a l not applied. However, if these changes are not saved prior to a system reset or power cycle, they will be lost. Exit To Exit the current menu screen and return to the previous screen in the menu tree, enter X at the command prompt.

  • Page 37: Menu Descriptions

    CDM-570/570L Operating Parameters” on page 2-4. A Vipersat CDM-570/570L is normally shipped with the Vipersat option enabled. You can verify the CDM-570/570L configuration by checking that the command line Vipersat Configuration is displayed on the menu as shown in Figure 3-1.

  • Page 38: Feature Configuration

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Figure 3-2 Administration screen Enter an F at the prompt to display the Feature Configuration screen shown in figure 3-3. Feature Configuration Figure 3-3 Feature Configuration screen V i p e r s a t C D M - 5 7 0 / 5 7 0 L U s e r G u i d e...

  • Page 39: Vipersat Feature Codes Menu

    The Vipersat feature codes can be entered as three hexidecimal digits at the command prompt as shown figure 3-4 and determine which Vipersat features have been purchased for the target CDM-570/570L and are available for use. Similarly, unlock codes determine which CDM-570/570L features have been purchased and are available for use on the target CDM-570/570L.

  • Page 40: Vipersat Stdma

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Vipersat STDMA In order to utilize the Vipersat STDMA feature in the target Vipersat CDM-570/ 570L, this feature must be enabled. Enter A at the command prompt to toggle on or off.

  • Page 41: Vipersat Configuration

    The items in the STDMA menu will vary depending on the function the target CDM-570/570L performs in the network. The CDM-570/570L STDMA menu shown in figure 3-6 is from a CDM-570/570L serving as a Hub in the network. For comparison, the STDMA Mode menu for a CDM-570/570L operating as a Remote unit is shown in figure 3-7.

  • Page 42: Stdma

    STDMA This menu item is read-only and shows the current state of STDMA in the CDM-570/570L. In order to change the STDMA state in the CDM-570/570L, refer to the section “Feature Configuration” on page 3-4. V i p e r s a t C D M - 5 7 0 / 5 7 0 L U s e r G u i d e...

  • Page 43: Stdma Tx Rate

    Hub Type This menu item is only displayed if the CDM-570/570L is being used as a Hub in the network. Vipersat STDMA has five modes of operation: • Fixed - All remotes get the same size slot, regardless of each remote’s activity •...

  • Page 44: Fixed

    1 -- Fixed In the Fixed mode, all remotes have the same slot size regardless of type of traf- fic or load. 2 -- Dynamic Slot In the Dynamic Slot mode, the slot size for each remote is computed based on the time (at the current data rate) needed to transmit all the Bytes in Queue.

  • Page 45: Group Id

    NOTE Figure 3-9 Group ID prompt The target CDM-570/570L group ID can be modified by entering an I at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3-9. Low Data Rate Fast Acquisition This menu item is a toggle used to enable or disable the Vipersat Burst Fast Acquisition Timing (BFAT) feature that functions at low data rates (64 kbps to 256 kbps).

  • Page 46: Outbound Ip

    This menu item, which appears for all Hub configurations, displays the current Outbound IP address. This specifies the Hub device that is supplying the TDM outbound to the satellite (typically a CDM-570/570L). Specifying this address is necessary when configuring a Hub that utilizes a burst controller that is a sepa- rate device from the TDM modem.

  • Page 47: Slot Guardband

    This menu item displays the current length of the slot guardband in milli- seconds and the size of the guardband in bytes for the target CDM-570/570L. On a Hub unit, this value can be modified by entering G at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3-13 and entering a new value.

  • Page 48: Slot Data Length

    This menu item displays the Slot Data Length in milli-seconds and bytes for the target CDM-570/570L, and represents the amount of data that can be transmit- ted or received in one spin of the STDMA cycle by each of the Remotes belong- ing to that group.

  • Page 49: Slot Start In Cycle

    (0 mSec). Set Remotes This menu item appears in the STDMA screen when the Unit Role is Hub. From a Hub CDM-570/570L, entering R at the command prompt displays the STDMA Remotes Menu. STDMA Remotes Menu screen...

  • Page 50: Base

    Once a Remote has been added to the group, its Status in the group is displayed by the use of the following letters: • U = Used – This Remote is being used in the burstmap Once a remote has been added to the STDMA group, this status will always be displayed.

  • Page 51: Remote Count

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Remote Count The Remote Count menu item in figure 3-16 is an information only display showing the total number of Remotes that currently belong to the STDMA group for this Hub modem.

  • Page 52: Figure 3-21 Entry Channel Switch Rates Screen

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n The Remote Policies screen for an Entry Channel Hub type allows the SCPC data rates and switch types to be specified for when a Remote will switch and the desired starting point for communications.

  • Page 53: Delete Remote

    Remote dialog shown in figure 3-25. Figure 3-25 Delete Remote prompt Enter the number of the Remote CDM-570/570L at the command prompt to delete it from the STDMA group for this Hub modem. Enable/Disable Remote Enter E at the command prompt in figure 3-16 to display the dialog shown in figure 3-26.

  • Page 54: Remove Timeout

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-27 View Remote(s) screen The display is for information only and pressing any key will return you to the menu shown in figure 3-16.

  • Page 55: Stdma Statistics

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-29 Remove Retry Timeout prompt When a Remote is removed from the STDMA group, as described in the section “Remove Timeout”...

  • Page 56: Show Hub Statistics

    To clear (reset to 0) these statistics, enter C at the command prompt. Show Hub Statistics Entering a W at the command prompt in the STDMA screen (figure 3-6) displays the current statistics for the target CDM-570/570L Hub, as shown in figure 3-32. Figure 3-32 Hub Statistics screen The Burst Controller monitors statistics in the received ACK from each Remote.

  • Page 57: Stdma/Scpc Automatic Switching

    The functions available for configuring the switching operations depend on whether the target CDM-570/570L is a Hub unit or if it is a Remote unit. In order for the target CDM-570/570L to be automatically switched between SDTMA and SCPC modes, the Auto Switching feature must be enabled as described in the section “Feature Configuration”...

  • Page 58: Auto Switching

    Hub in the network, this item will always read Continuous as shown in figure 3-33. If the CDM-570/570L is functioning as a Remote in the network and STDMA is enabled on the target CDM-570/570L, this item will show STDMA (Burst) as shown in figure 3-34.

  • Page 59: Voice Switch Detection

    Entering O at the command prompt toggles the Voice Switch Detection command for the CDM-570/570L between Enabled and Disabled. When enabled, a voice data-stream will be detected, causing the CDM-570/570L to send a switch request to the VMS to switch from STDMA to SCPC mode.

  • Page 60: Qos Switch Detection

    For example, if in a non-encrypted network a voice application service connec- tion is started, the CDM-570/570L’s classifier analyzes signaling and data protocols (H.323, SIP, & Data RTP) being routed through the CDM-570/570L. After connection detection, the process waits for data (RTP). Data is normally sent after the receiving party answers, which then triggers the system to process an ASR.

  • Page 61: Enable Quality Of Service (Qos) Feature

    2-3). Configure QoS Rules The Vipersat CDM-570/570L is capable of performing automatic switching based on the QoS rules for a Remote modem. QoS rules can be assigned to different flow types that are user-defined by any combination of traffic type protocol (FTP, UDP, RTP, etc.), source/destination IP (specific or range), and/...

  • Page 62: Configure Qos Rules Based Switching

    QoS Rules Configuration screen Configure the desired number of rules that are necessary for the applications to be used for this network. Refer to the CDM-570/570L Installation and Opera- tion Manual for details on configuring QoS Rules for the CDM-570/570L.

  • Page 63: Enable Qos Switch Detection Feature

    STDMA to SCPC based on band- width requirements. The initial switch for a Remote CDM-570/570L from STDMA mode to SCPC mode is determined by the Hub Burst Controller. Once the Remote is switched into SCPC, any requests to meet additional switching requirments within SCPC (Step Up or Step Down) are made by the Remote modem.

  • Page 64: Stdma Slot Capacity

    Note: Load Switching must be enabled for each CDM-570/570L in a network that is going to perform Load Switching in order for the NOTE VMS to dynamically optimize network performance as load condi- tions change on these circuits. Application switching by the VMS, such as for Voice and/or Video, is not affected by this setting.

  • Page 65: Percent Allocation

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-39 STDMA Switch Delay prompt Percent Allocation The Percent Allocation menu item allows adding a fixed percentage to the channel bandwidth request to accommodate additional bandwidth requirements which may occur after the switch is made from STDMA to SCPC mode.

  • Page 66: Scpc Step Delay

    ToS Switching Parameters This menu item appears for the Remote modem only. When ToS switching is enabled on a CDM-570/570L, the parameters for ToS switching must be defined by entering P from the STDMA/SCPC Auto Switch- ing screen (see figure 3-34). The TOS Switching Control menu shown in figure 3-41 is displayed, allowing parameter entry for the desired ToS service to be applied.

  • Page 67: Tos Switching Entry

    ToS Switching Entry After determining what ToS value to use, either application or router classifier, select a ToS entry from the list for configuration or edit. The screen will prompt for inputs to the list of range-checked values, as shown in the sample dialog in figure 3-42 that displays the entries for TOS 03.

  • Page 68: Delete

    • Enter the TOS SCPC Switch Data Rate - Enter the desired data rate for this service type. Valid entries are from 0 to 10,000 Kbps. This setting will override the VMS set policy value. • Enter the TOS SCPC Timeout - This timer monitors the defined packet flow.

  • Page 69: Unit Role

    CDM-570/570L’s function. When configured as an expansion unit, either as a Hub (switched) or as a Remote (mesh), the CDM-570/570L is set up so that the demod is in SCPC mode and available as a resource for dedi- cated communications with the other end of the satellite link.

  • Page 70: Network Id

    The Unit Name command in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-5) is used to assign a name to the target CDM-570/570L. Enter N at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3-48. Any name, up to 16 charac- ters, can be entered for the unit.

  • Page 71: Managing Ip Address

    Figure 3-50 Managing IP address menu If available, this is the IP address to which the CDM-570/570L sends a unicast registration request every 60 seconds when requesting initial registration on the VMS network. Later the CDM-570/570L uses this address to send switch requests, network health messages, etc.

  • Page 72: Home State Revert

    Configuration menu) allows for setting the parameters for the CDM-570/570L power levels. The information and commands in the menu will vary depending on the function that the target CDM-570/570L performs in the network. The screen shown in figure 3-51 is for a Hub or Remote operating in STDMA mode.

  • Page 73: Dpc Enabled

    DPC Enabled The DPC Enabled command (enter E) is a toggle that allows the DPC feature to be either Enabled or Disabled. The CDM-570/570L is shipped with the DPC Enabled menu item turned off (Disabled) to allow entrance link levels calibra- tion during terminal setup.

  • Page 74: Calibrated Data Rate

    The Minimum Power level setting corresponds to the lowest transmit power level permitted based on link/satellite parameters. Min Power typically can be set to the lowest default value (-25.0 dBm for the CDM-570, -40.0 dBm for the CDM-570L). There is generally no problem in allowing the modulator(s) to reduce power levels when link conditions improve.

  • Page 75: Max Step Down Power

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-54 Minimum Power Level prompt (CDM-570L) The value entered sets the minimum power level allowed by all SCPC modula- tors.

  • Page 76: Target Ebno

    Target EbNo The Target EbNo is the desired operating receive level for closed loop servo control. This is the value used by the receiving CDM-570/570L for comparison with the actual received Eb/No. This information is sent back to the transmitting terminal for output power level adjustment as necessary.

  • Page 77: Target Dpc Address

    Target DPC Address The Target DPC Address identifies the modem that is transmitting to this CDM-570/570L, and will be receiving the PLDM messages that provide the current Eb/No value for this CDM-570/570L. Typically, all Remotes will spec- ify the Hub modem that is supplying the TDM outbound. The Outbound IP address is sent out to all STDMA Remotes via the Burst Map, and the DPC Target for these Remotes is automatically mapped to that address.

  • Page 78: Set Current Configuration As Home State

    Vipersat Configuration screen to display the Home State Configuration screen shown in figure 3-61. The parameters entered using this menu define the settings the target CDM-570/ 570L will go to when it returns to its Home State, either as the result of a command by the VMS, or as it comes back on line from a reset or a power cycle.

  • Page 79: Force Modem To Home State

    Force Modem to Home State If at any time it is desired to have a CDM-570/570L return to its Home State, this command (enter Y) can be executed. The Home State parameter values are “forced”...

  • Page 80: Transmit Fec Type

    Transmit FEC Type Enter C at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-65 to enter the FEC Coding Type for the CDM-570/570L’s home state. Turbo must be selected when operating in Vipersat mode. Transmit Coding Rate Enter D at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in figure 3-66 to set the Transmit Coding Rate for the target CDM-570/570L’s home state.

  • Page 81: Transmit Modulation Type

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Transmit Modulation Type Entering E at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in figure 3-67 to set the Transmit Modulation Type for the target CDM-570/570L’s home state. Figure 3-67 Transmit Modulation Type prompt...

  • Page 82: Receive Data Rate

    Note that this screen dialog example displays the frequency range for the CDM- 570L L-Band modem. For the CDM-570, the range displayed will be either 50 to 90 MHz or 100 to 180 MHz. Receive Data Rate Enter N at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-70 to set the Receive Data Rate for the target CDM-570/570L’s home state.

  • Page 83: Receive Modulation Type

    Vipersat mode with Turbo Product Coding. Receive Modulation Type Enter Q at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-73 to set the Receive Modulation Type for the target CDM-570/570L’s home state. Figure 3-73 Receive Modulation Type prompt...

  • Page 84: Vipersat Migration

    The Vipersat Migration command is used to set the compatibility mode for the Hub Burst Controller when conducting a firmware upgrade on the associated CDM-570/570L Remotes. Although this command appears in the menu for both the Hub modem and the Remote modem, it only applies to STDMA Controllers and TDM Outbound modems at the Hub.

  • Page 85: Figure 3-75 Vipersat Migration Prompt

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-75 Vipersat Migration prompt Refer to Appendix D, Firmware Installation, in this document for additional information on the use of this command. C h ap t e r U s i n g t h e C o m m a n d L i n e I n t e r f a c e ( C L I ) 3-51...
  • Page 86 V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n { This Page is Intentionally Blank } V i p e r s a t C D M - 5 7 0 / 5 7 0 L U s e r G u i d e 3-52...

  • Page 87: Network Addressing

    ETWORK This Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to configuring the CDM-570/570L for use in Vipersat Networks. The subjects covered are: • OSI Model • Binary Math • IP Addressing • Network Address Translation • Subnets •...

  • Page 88: The Osi Reference Model

    The OSI Reference Model OSI is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. This is a network model created by ISO (the International Standardization Organization.) The OSI model is the basic standard which forms the basis for all networking protocols. Figure A-1 The OSI model defines the building blocks used to construct a working network protocol as shown in Figure A-1.
  • Page 89 T h e O S I R e f e r e n c e M o d e l Layer 3 / Network Layer – Layer 3 is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks. The Layer 3 protocol operates without regard to the underly- ing protocols in use.

  • Page 90: Binary Math

    Binary Math Network devices communicate using BITS, where a bit is a single digit repre- sented by a 1 or a 0, or by using BYTEs, where a byte is made up of eight bits in any combination of 1’s or 0’s. A byte is also referred to as an octet. Figure A-2 An octet can be converted to or from binary using the technique shown in the decimal conversion chart in Figure A-3.
  • Page 91 B i n ar y M at h The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents. A p p e n d i x N e t w o r k A d d r e s s i n g...

  • Page 92: Ip Addressing

    IP Addressing An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique set of numbers assigned to a device on a network to uniquely identify that device (by its IP address). An IP address is a unique number composed of four octets, with each octet separated by a dot.

  • Page 93: Figure A-4 Ip Address Classes A, B, C

    • 16-bit node number Address Address Class Class Class A Class A Class B Class B Class C Class C Figure A-4 Class C • 192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x • 2,097,152 Class Cs exist • Can have 254 hosts on each Class C •...

  • Page 94: Private Network Ip Addresses

    Private Network IP Addresses RFC 1918 defines blocks of addresses for use on private networks: • 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 • 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 • 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 Network Address Translation (NAT) Private networks can only connect to the public Internet by using a Network Address Translation (NAT) device (a router, for example) or a proxy server which has been assigned a public IP address.

  • Page 95: Subnet Mask

    Subnetting is required if the network is segmented. Subnet Mask The Subnet Mask is used by the host to determine if a destination IP address is on the local or on a remote network segment. The table in Figure A-6 shows the default subnet mask used for each class of IP address.

  • Page 96: Network Segments

    IP Address IP Address Subnet Mask Subnet Mask ANDing Result ANDing Result Figure A-7 A calculator, available from SolarWinds, performs these IP and subnet mask calculations and can be found at: http://support.solarwinds.net/updates/SelectProgramFree.cfm Network Segments A “Network Segment” is a portion of a network that is bordered by two router interfaces as shown in Figure A-8.

  • Page 97: Default Gateways

    I P A d d r e s s in g Each of the four subnets can, in turn, support 64 members. The example subnet used above yielded 4 subnets, but you can use a different mask to meet the specific requirements of your network. Default Gateways A default gateway is a network device, usually a router, that is responsible for routing data packets out of the local network segment.

  • Page 98: Figure A-10 Network Node Mac Addresses

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g • The first six characters are issued to the organization. • The second six characters are assigned to the hardware interface by manufacturing. Figure A-10 Network Node MAC Addresses V i p e r s a t C D M - 5 7 0 / 5 7 0 L U s e r G u i d e A-12...

  • Page 99: Automatic Switching

    (application switching) or network traffic loads (load switching.) The following discussions apply to the Vipersat CDM-570/570L, CDD-564L, and CDM-600. Throughout the following discussion, these units are referred to as modem/routers.

  • Page 100: Load Switching

    excess margin. The main difference between switching from STDMA to SCPC and adjusting within SCPC is that in STDMA mode, the current available band- width is constantly changing while in SCPC mode it is constant between switches. Furthermore, switches from STDMA to SCPC mode are always caused by the traffic level exceeding the switch threshold.
  • Page 101 3. Determine if a load switch is needed. Table 2.1 STDMA ACK Message Table B-1 Data Type Unsigned Unsigned Unsigned Unsigned If there is adequate upstream bandwidth available, the values of these two metrics will be the same. However, if there is not enough bandwidth to satisfy the traffic requirements of the remote, or if the remote has exceeded the maxi- mum allocation, some data will be held for the next cycle.
  • Page 102 remote is divided by the total Bytes in Queue for all remotes to give the percentage allocation for each remote.) • Dynamic Slot Mode - The slot size for each remote is computed based on the time (at the current data rate) needed to transmit all the Bytes in Queue.

  • Page 103: Figure B-1 Hub Autoswitching Menu

    Table B-2 Figure B-1 • Auto Switching - This is a Vipersat Feature which is enabled in the CDM Features Menu. If Auto Switching is not enabled, Load Switching will be ignored. • Load Switching - This is a type of Automatic Switching that is based on the amount of traffic at a remote.

  • Page 104: Load Switching Process

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g Load Switching Process Each time the hub receives an STDMA ACK, it computes the average load for that remote. (See Appendix A for a discussion of how the average is computed.) This average is then compared to the bandwidth currently allocated to the remote.

  • Page 105: Determining Need-For-Change

    Table B-3 Figure B-2 • Auto Switching - Same as Hub • Load Switching - Same as Hub • SCPC Step Up Threshold - Same as STDMA Slot Capacity at hub. • SCPC Step Down Threshold - Similar to STDMA Slot Capacity at hub except Step Down is used to trigger a switch if the average load falls below this value •...

  • Page 106: Load Switch Example

    A load is generated an application at a remote. In figure B-3, the application is a video stream. 2. The data is connected to the remote CDM-570/570L over an ethernet link for transmission to the satellite. While the data-stream transmission is in progress, the Satport buffer status is captured and the CDM-570/570L’s...
  • Page 107 The ideal condition being looked for is that about 90% utilization of the channel be achieved striving to optimize the use of available bandwidth. In the case where the remote CDM-570/570L continues to report buffer overflow, the STDMA Hub Controller will send a request to the VMS which in turn will attempt to double the carrier bandwidth for that channel.

  • Page 108: Reduced Data Flow In Switched Mode (Scpc

    L o a d S w i t c h E x a m p l e Reduced data flow in switched mode (SCPC) In the event the data flow is reduced, for example a streaming file transfer termi- nates, the SCPC switched demodulator detects the reduced flow and notifies the VMS.

  • Page 109: Application Switching

    Application switching Application switching, diagramed in figure B-4, also is capable of changing bandwidth used, but the change is determined entirely by the type of application being requested ignoring load requirements. Table B-5 Table B-6 Figure B-4 In a system configured for application switching, the remote site modem/router looks for a packet in the data stream coming from the LAN that is configured using the H.323 stack protocol and contains an H.225 signaling protocol.
  • Page 110 A p p l i c a t i o n s w i t c h i n g Each application type will have been assigned a bandwidth allocation when the policy for the remote site is established. The voice application, for example, might have had the bandwidth set in the policy to handle three simultaneous voice connections.

  • Page 111: Type Of Service (Tos) Switching

    For example, in a non-encrypted network if a voice application service connec- tion is started, the CDM-570/570L’s classifier analyzes signaling and data protocols (H.323, SIP, & Data RTP) being routed through the CDM-570/570L. After connection detection, the process waits for data (RTP). Data is normally sent after the receiving party answers, which then triggers the system to process an ASR.

  • Page 112: Entry Channel Mode (Ecm) Switching

    E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g Entry Channel Mode (ECM) Switching STDMA entry channel mode provides a method for remotes requiring SCPC access channels to enter/re-enter the network initially or after a power or other site outage.

  • Page 113: Figure B-5 Ecm Switch Recovery < 3 Minutes

    If the outage was the result of power outage at the site, the remote CDM570(L) will reboot in its home state (STDMA), acknowledge the receipt of the first burst map causing it to rejoin the network through ECM. The VMS will park the demodulator previously in use and free the bandwidth slot.
  • Page 114 Table B-8 State Connected State Disconnected Registration Acknowledgment Failure Revert Switch Command Revert Acknowledgment Failure Switch Command State Connected Switch Command Switch Acknowledgment Figure B-6 B-16 ECM Switch Recovery > 3min. Burst Switched Demod Demod 189.05 240.28 240.33 240.9 ECM switch recovery > 3 minutes Remote Satellite Delay 250 ms + 30ms E-E...

  • Page 115: Dynamic Power Control

    YNAMIC Introduction Dynamic Power Control (DPC) provides a mechanism whereby VIPERSAT satellite links have their transmit power levels adjusted in order to optimize the receive signal quality (as measured by the demodulator Eb/No). This optimiza- tion process acts to either increase or decrease transmitted signal levels in order •...

  • Page 116: Description

    Eb/No values as the input function and the modulator’s transmit power as the output function. Only modulator transmit power is controlled by the algorithm since the receive chain has its own automatic gain control. DPC can be applied to any or all of the modems with the exception of the STDMA burst control demodulators.

  • Page 117: Adjustment For Data Rate

    Table C-1 Parameter Target Range Speed Up Eb/No The start point for all enabled modulators is the Nominal Power Level. This level is measured during initial system turn-up and is the power level at which all modems will initially transmit when a call is established. Once communica- tion is established and data starts to flow, the modulator begins receiving DPC packets from the demodulator and adjusting its transmit power level accord- ingly.

  • Page 118: Dpc Scaling Function

    DPC Scaling Function Max Power (Saturation) Calibrated Nominal Power Level Current (Scaled) Max Power Figure C-1 Figure C-1 illustrates the scaling function, based on the ratio of power level to data rate, of the DPC system. Once this ratio is mapped out for the system, the DPC scaling function will automatically determine the appropriate power level for any given data rate.
  • Page 119 able to function and will disable itself, resulting in an error message that is displayed in the CLI. Under most circumstances, the system will be running at the Calibrated Data Rate, at the Calibrated Nominal Power level. When the VMS sends a switch command to the CDM, the modem will go to a different data rate, and will calculate a nominal power level for the transmitter.
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  • Page 121: Network Migration

    Upgrading CDM-570/CDD-564 Series Modems to Firmware Version 1.5.3 General This document covers the migration of networks with CDM-570 and CDD-564 series modems to Firmware version 1.5.3 from any earlier versions of code. It addresses the issues customers will face when migrating their networks and provides a step-by-step plan to facilitate the process.
  • Page 122 G e n e r a l Since there is no way to guarantee all Remote sites will be online during the initial upgrade to v1.5.3, Vipersat is providing this migration procedure and util- ity to facilitate picking up new or offline units. This migration tool includes non-saved control parameters at Hub units only that allow the operator to select compatibility mode with v1.5.2 (or earlier) firmware.

  • Page 123: Firmware Upgrade

    • FW11669D.bin (Unit Firmware v1.5.3, CDD-564/564L) Basic Steps The Vipersat CDM-570/CDD-564 series of modems are comprised of two main parts, the Base Modem and the Router Card. These two parts function with different firmware code, each of which must be upgraded using the sequence of steps below.

  • Page 124: Migration Procedure

    6) "Get Information" and load v1.5.1 base modem code to "Oldest" and reset all the modems to "Latest". 7) Load v1.5.1 modem code to "Oldest" (replacing the older image in the other location). 8) Load v1.5.3 router firmware to the "Oldest" Bulk Image. Figure D-1 Migration Procedure Getting Information with VLOAD...

  • Page 125: Figure D-2 Initial Vload Screen

    Figure D-2 Figure D-3 Note that the Receive Multicast Address is the same as the Transmit Multicast Address for the VMS. This IP address can be found under the VMS ViperView tree view “Vipersat Manager”. A p p e n d i x N e t w o r k M i g r a t i o n Initial Vload screen Add All dialog...

  • Page 126: Upgrade Router To V1.5.3

    Figure D-4 It is very important to get information after each step. VLOAD needs to be aware of the current configuration of the modems when making decisions about "Oldest" and "Latest". Upgrade Router to v1.5.3 This step will upgrade the Bulk Image location 1 of the Router Card to version 1.5.3 firmware.

  • Page 127: Save And Reboot To Latest

    Figure D-5 Save and Reboot to Latest Using either VMS or CLI, Save each unit to flash and reboot with Hard Reset to Latest. Figure D-6 Note that all other parameters are set to defaults and do not require any changes. A p p e n d i x N e t w o r k M i g r a t i o n Put Application screen (Consecutive Load)

  • Page 128: Get Information For Router V1.5.3

    Get Information for Router v1.5.3 Figure D-7 The new unit information will show that Image 1 Version=1.5.3 and that the Application Version=1.5.3. The application CurrentBoot should = the image slot location of 1.5.3, and NextBoot=Latest and Save=Oldest. The next part of this step is very important. Prior to version 1.5.3 code, the configuration files did not include all modem parameters or any Out Door Unit (ODU) parameters.

  • Page 129: Upgrade Base Modem To V1.5.1

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Figure D-9 Configuration File Text If this text is not displayed, Save to flash again, get the configuration and check for them in the configuration file once more. Note that the contents of the text lines will differ based on the actual configuration and modem type.

  • Page 130: Upgrade Image 1 On Base Modem To V1.5.1

    Figure D-11 When the file transfer is completed, Hard Reset the Modem(s). Upgrade Image 1 on Base Modem to v1.5.1 Get Unit Information to show that v1.4.5 modem code is loaded in Image 1 and that the Base Modem Current Image = Image 1. Which image this is will depend on which image was running in the modem;...

  • Page 131: Download Base Modem V1.5.1 To Image 2

    Figure D-13 Download Base Modem v1.5.1 to Image 2 Get Unit Information to show that the current Base Modem image is Image 2, which is v1.5.1 firmware. Figure D-14 Repeat the Download procedure for the Base Modem v1.5.1 firmware file, but do not perform a Hard Reset;...

  • Page 132: Download Router V1.5.3 To Image 2

    Figure D-15 Download Router v1.5.3 to Image 2 Download the v1.5.3 firmware file to the Router Image 2. This insures that the latest firmware code is loaded in all images. Get Unit Information one last time and Save the file when prompted. This file can be used to maintain a record of unlock codes and sent to Comtech Vipersat if additional features are required.

  • Page 133: Setting V1.5.2 Compatibility In Hub Modems

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e the v1.5.3 firmware will lose communications during this time, so a planned maintenance outage is necessary. It is only necessary to download 1 image of the Router to v1.5.3 and reset the Remotes in order for them to rejoin the network, unless the associated Burst Controller is running BFAT.

  • Page 134: Figure D-18 Vipersat Configuration Screen

    Figure D-18 The Vipersat Migration Parameter "M" is available only on Hub non-expansion units. Figure D-19 Select O to set the old framing mode to v1.5.2 or earlier. This parameter must be set in both outbound and inbound units to properly transmit/receive to/from Remote units.
  • Page 135 F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e The straggler Remotes will now frame on the TDM outbound signal. The asso- ciated Burst Controller(s) will frame on the inbound signals from these Remotes ONLY.
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  • Page 137: Glossary

    LOSSARY Automatic Limit Control stabilization of the HPA’s RF output power. Asynchronous Party Line – A VIPERSAT term for RS-485 multi-drop bus used for control of indoor equipment. See also SPL. Address Resolution Protocol – A protocol for a LAN device to determine the MAC address of a locally connected device given its IP address.
  • Page 138 BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying – A modulation technique in which the carrier is phase shifted +/- 180 degrees. See also QPSK C-Band A frequency band commonly used for satellite communications (and sometimes terrestrial microwave). For terrestrial earth stations the receive frequency band is 3.7-4.2GHz and transmit 5.925-6.425GHz.
  • Page 139 Eb/No Eb/No Ratio Eb = energy per bit No = noise power density per Hz. The bit error rate (BER) for digital data is a decreasing function of this ratio. Eb is the energy of an information bit. Eb is measured in Joules, or equivalently in Watts per Hertz.
  • Page 140 Group ID A number assigned to equipment which defines it as a member of a group when addressed by the burst controller. Graphical User Interface – A form of graphical shell or user interface to a computer operating system. HDLC High Level Data Link Control –...
  • Page 141 Kb/s Kilo Bits per Second - 1000 bits/second. A measure of transmission speed. See also bps & Mb/s. Ku-Band A frequency band used for satellite communications. For terrestrial earth stations the receive frequency band is in the range 10.95 – 12.75GHz and trans- mit 14.0 –...
  • Page 142 Network Address Translation - An Internet standard that enables a local-area network (LAN) to use one set of IP addresses for internal (private) traffic and a second set of addresses for external (public) traffic. Network Operation Center (NOC) has access to any earth station installed using the VIPERSAT Network Control System (VNCS).
  • Page 143 Radio Frequency – A generic term for signals at frequencies above those used for baseband or IF. Request For Comment – The de-facto Internet standards issued by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Routing Information Protocol RS-232 A common electrical/physical standard issued by the IEEE used for point to point serial communications up to approximately 115kb/s.
  • Page 144 TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol – A standard for networking over unreliable transmission paths. See also UDP. TDMA Time Division Multiple Access – A multiple access technique where users contend for access to a common channel on a time-shared basis. See also FDMA and STDMA.
  • Page 145 Wizard A specialized program which performs a specific function, such as installing an application (installation wizard). A p p e n d i x G l o s s a r y...
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