Occupancy And Process Related Contaminant Sources; Residential Occupancy; Office Building Occupancy - Honeywell AUTOMATIC CONTROL SI Edition Engineering Manual

INDOOR AIR QUALITY FUNDAMENTALS
Table 3. Sources, Possible Concentrations, and Indoor to Outdoor Concentration Ratios of some Indoor Pollutants.
Pollutant Indoor Pollution
Asbestos Fireproofing
Carbon Combustion, humans, pets
Dioxide (CO )
2
Carbon Combustion equipment,
Monoxide engines, faulty heating
(CO) systems
Formaldehyde Insulation, product binders,
particleboard
Mineral & Products, cloth, rugs,
Synthetic wallboard
Fibers
Nitrogen Combustion, gas stoves,
Dioxide (NO ) water heaters, dryers,
2
cigarettes, engines
Organic Combustion, solvents, resin
Vapors products, pesticides, aerosol
(VOCs) sprays
Ozone Electric arcing, UV light
sources
Radon & Building materials, ground
Progeny water, soil
Respirable Stoves, fireplaces, cigarettes,
Particles condensation of volatiles,
aerosol sprays, resuspension,
cooking
Sulfate Matches, gas stoves
Sulfur Dioxide Heating system
(SO )
2
TSP without Combustion, resuspension,
Smoking heating system
Viable Humans, pets, rodents,
Organisms insects, plants, fungi,
humidifiers, air conditioners
Occupancy And Process Related
Contaminant Sources
Process generated contaminants vary with the nature of the
occupancy and processes. All occupancies have some common
contaminants. Additional contaminants depend on the
occupancy type (residential, office building, health care, or
industrial) and the associated processes.

RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY

Residential contaminant sources include tobacco smoke,
detergent, waxes, pesticides, polishes, cosmetics, mothballs,
and building materials. Gas ranges, wood stoves, and kerosene
heaters are major sources of concern because of carbon
Sources of Possible Indoor
Concentrations
0.05 to 1.0 ppm
200 to 1000 g/m
0.1 to 200 nCi/m
100 to 500 g/m
Indoor/Outdoor
Concentration
6 3
<10 fiber/ m
3000 ppm
100 ppm
NA
3
NA
20 ppb
200 ppb
3
3
3
5 g/m
3
20 g/m
3
100 g/m
NA
monoxide. Showers can be a source of radon gas and halocarbon
concentrations, but usually are not run often enough to be of
concern. Some fungi, mold, and mildew found in showers can
be quite harmful if left unchecked. Occupants, both human and
animal, are also significant sources.

OFFICE BUILDING OCCUPANCY

Office contaminant sources include tobacco smoke, detergent,
waxes, pesticides, polishes, cosmetics, and building materials.
Additional sources include electrostatic copiers (ozone), diazo
printers (ammonia and related compounds), carbonless copy
paper (formaldehyde), and correction fluids, inks, and adhesives
(VOCs). Fungus, mold, and mildew from cooling towers,
humidifiers, dehumidifiers, and showers is also a source.
ENGINEERING MANUAL OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL
156
Ratio Location
1 Homes, schools, offices
>>1 Homes, schools, offices
>>1 Skating rinks, offices,
homes, cars, shops
>1 Homes, offices
Homes, schools, offices
>>1 Homes, Skating rinks
>1 Homes, offices, public
facilities, restaurants,
hospitals
<1 Airplanes
>1 offices
>>1 Homes, buildings
>>1 Homes, offices, cars,
public facilities, bars,
restaurants
<1 Removal inside
<1 Removal inside
1 Homes, offices,
transportation, restaurants
>1 Homes, offices, hospitals,
schools, public