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LLC concentration (GLASSY, PG GLASSY)
1. To prevent cavitations of water pump and cylinder liners, LLC concentration must be at least 30% for GLASSY
(ethylene glycol) and 40% for PG GLASSY (propylene glycol) by volume under any temperature conditions
throughout the year.
2. Coolant anti-freeze concentration for the engine is determined by the ambient minimum temperature of the year.
Be sure to observe the coolant anti-freeze concentration range given in the table below.
Ambient temperature
GLASSY (ethylene glycol)
LLC Con-
centration
PG GLASSY (propylene glycol)
3. Concentration must be 60% at a maximum for GLASSY (ethylene glycol) and 85% for PG GLASSY (propylene
glycol). If concentration is higher than that, it can lead to a risk of adverse effects. For example, anti-freeze per-
formance will decrease. Or coolant temperature will rise due to the decrease in specific heat.
4. Coolant temperature will increase by approx. 1.5°C [34.7°F] for 60% concentration of GLASSY (ethylene glycol)
and approx 3°C [37.4°F] for 85% concentration of PG GLASSY (propylene glycol). Check heat exchanger capac-
ity of the cooling system to avoid overheating.
0
[32]
-10
[14]
-20
[-4]
-30
[-22]
-40
[-40]
-50
[-58]
-60
0
10
20
[-76]
Concentration (Volume %)
Freezing Temperature vs. GLASSY Concentration
Fig. 6-2 Coolant Freezing Temperature (GLASSY, PG GLASSY)
Table 6-3 Recommended LLC Concentration
Lower limit of
concentration
30
40
50
60
70
to -10°C
to -20°C
[14°F]
[-4°F]
30%
40%
40%
55%
0
Lower limit of
[32]
concentration
-10
[14]
-20
[-4]
-30
[-22]
-40
[-40]
-50
[-58]
-60
40
50
60
0
[-76]
Concentration (Volume %)
Freezing Temperature vs. PG GLASSY Concentration
Chapter 6 COOLANT
to -30°C
to -45°C
[-22°F]
[-49°F]
50%
60%
70%
85%
70
80
90
100
6-7
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Troubleshooting
