Yamaha MBK XMAX 2014 Service Manual page 14

• Brake force:
The force applied by braking to reduce the wheel speed.
• Wheel lock:
A condition that occurs when the rotation of one or both of the wheels has stopped, but the vehicle
continues to travel.
• Side force:
The force on the tires which supports the vehicle when cornering.
• Slip ratio:
When the brakes are applied, slipping occurs between the tires and the road surface. This causes a
difference between the wheel speed and the chassis speed.
Slip ratio is the value that shows the rate of wheel slippage and is defined by the following formula.
0%: There is no slipping between the wheel and the road surface. The chassis speed is equal to the
wheel speed.
100%: The wheel speed is "0", but the chassis is moving (i.e., wheel lock).
Brake force and vehicle stability
When the brake pressure is increased, wheel speed is reduced. Slipping occurs between the tire and
the road surface and brake force is generated. The limit of this brake force is determined by the friction
force between the tire and the road surface and is closely related to wheel slippage. Wheel slippage is
represented by the slip ratio.
Side force is also closely related to wheel slippage. See figure "A". If the brakes are applied while keep-
ing the proper slip ratio, it is possible to obtain the maximum brake force without losing much side force.
ABS allows full use of the tires' capabilities even on slippery road surfaces or less slippery road surfac-
es. See figure "B".
a. Friction force between the tire and road
surface
b. Brake force
c. Side force
d. Slip ratio (%)
e. Less slippery road surface
Chassis speed –
Wheel speed
Slip ratio =
Chassis speed
A
b
a
c
B
f
a
g
× 100 (%)
d
e
d
f. Controlling zone
g. Slippery road surface
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FEATURES