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Appendix A
Step Response Graphs
These graphs illustrate the step response of the different filters at 12 and 24 dB/oct. The
advanced filters always settle in less time than the RC filters. Gaussian filters have
increasing latency with more stages. Linear Phase filters have ≤ 1% overshoot.
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
1
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
2
2
3
4
Time (t
)
c
Gaussian suffers
from latency
4
Time (t
)
c
Advanced Filters
12dB/oct
RC
Gaussian (FIR)
Linear Phase
Time to reach 1% of final value:
RC: 6.6 t
c
Gaussian: 4.0 t
c
Linear Phase: 4.4 t
c
5
6
24dB/oct
RC
Gaussian (FIR)
Linear Phase
Time to reach 1% of final value:
RC: 10 t
c
Gaussian: 7.1 t
c
Linear Phase: 5.4 t
c
6
8
SR865A DSP Lock-in Amplifier
159
7
10
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