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3-16
OPERATION
ergy between 1 and 7 kHz, which is the ear's most sensitive range. If you are using
the two-band structure and you find that the loudness controller is producing audi-
ble artifacts because the program forces it to do a great deal of gain reduction, we
suggest that you use the five-band structure instead. This will automatically re-
equalize such program material and will de-ess extremely sibilant program material
before the loudness controller receives it.
The loudness controller's attack and release times are tuned to match the loudness
integration times of the ear and are program-adaptive. Only the attack time is user-
adjustable.
If you feel that the Loudness Controller is not controlling the loudness of commer-
cials or other subjectively loud program material sufficiently well, you may wish to
set the threshold lower, forcing the Loudness Controller to do more work. You may
also wish to activate the BS.1770 Safety Limiter. Conversely, if the loudness control-
ler is doing more gain reduction that you would like, you can set the L
T
control higher.
HRESHOLD
In the L
G
R
OUDNESS
AIN
iter (in dB units) is stacked with gain reduction of the CBS loudness controller. The
CBS controller gain reduction appears in blue, while the BS.1770 safety limiter gain
reduction appears in cyan. The CBS Loudness Controller produces both fast and slow
loudness control; the fast control rides on top of the slow control. You can easily see
this dual-speed operation on the L
determines how much fast control the Loudness Controller produces. As the control
is turned down toward 0%, it allows longer and longer loudness peaks to pass
through.
Because of the system topology, the 1101's loudness level meter assumes
that the L
OUDNESS
cate the effect of lower settings. As long as the control is set to 50% or
higher, this limitation should not have any material effect on the loud-
ness level meter's accuracy. However, it is wise to double-check the effect
of the L
OUDNESS
and/or use of an external loudness level meter like the free Orban Loud-
ness Meter for Windows, which uses the same algorithm as the 1101's
built-in loudness level meter (www.orban.com/meter). V2 of this meter
was released in March 2012. It adds many new features and we advise all
users of the V1 meter to upgrade.
The Loudness Controller may reduce the dramatic effect of certain sounds in enter-
tainment programming, like gunshots, explosions, or screeching tires. Operators may
therefore want to turn the Loudness Controller on during commercial breaks and
off during normal programming. All sound-for-picture presets have the Loudness
Controller on. The easiest way to handle this situation is to start with your preferred
preset, turn the Loudness Controller off, and then save the result as a User Preset.
Using one of the 1101's remote control mechanisms (like its GPI inputs), recall the
"with loudness controller" and "without loudness controller" presets as desired.
Turning down the L
OUDNESS
dramatic impact of loudness transients in dramatic programming; it can let gunshots
and the like through while still constraining long-term loudness to a fixed threshold.
meter, the gain reduction of the BS.1770 safety lim-
EDUCTION
GR meter. The L
OUDNESS
A
control is always set to 100% and does not indi-
TTACK
A
control on subjective loudness by listening tests
TTACK
control provides another way to maintain the
A
TTACK
ORBAN MODEL 1101
OUDNESS
A
control
OUDNESS
TTACK
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