Open-Loop/Closed-Loop Control Technique; V/F Control - Siemens MICROMASTER 440 Operating Instructions Manual

Issue 10/06
3.23

Open-loop/closed-loop control technique

There are several open-loop/closed-loop techniques for closed-loop speed and
torque control for drive inverters with induction and synchronous motors. These
techniques can be roughly classified as follows:
V/f characteristic control (briefly: V/f control)
Field-orientated closed-loop control technique (briefly: Vector control)
The field-orientated control technique – also known as Vector control – can be
further sub-divided into two groups:
Vector control without speed feedback (sensorless Vector control (SLVC))
Vector control with speed feedback (Vector control (VC))
These techniques differ from one another both regarding the control quantity as
also in the complexity of the technique, which in turn are obtained as a result of the
requirements associated with the particular application. For basic applications (e.g.
pumps and fans), to a large extent, V/f control is used. Vector control is mainly
used for sophisticated applications (e.g. winders), where a good control and
behavior in noisy conditions are required regarding the speed and torque. If these
requirements are also present in the range from 0 to approx. 1 Hz, then the
speed/torque accuracy without encoder is not sufficient. In this case, Vector control
with speed feedback must be used.
3.23.1

V/f control

Parameter range:
Warnings
Faults
Function chart number:
The V/f characteristic represents the simplest control technique. In this case the
stator voltage of the induction motor or synchronous motor is controlled
proportionally to the stator frequency. This technique has proven itself for a wide
range of "basic" applications, such as
Pumps, fans
Belt drives
and similar processes.
The goal of V/f control is to keep the flux Φ constant in the motor. In this case, this
is proportional to the magnetizing current I
frequency f.
Φ ~ I
The torque M, developed by induction motors, is proportional to the product
(precisely the Vectorial product Φ x I) of flux and current.
M ~ Φ ∗ I
In order to generate the highest possible torque from a given current, the motor
must operate with a constant flux which is as high as possible. In order to keep the
flux Φ constant, when frequency f changes, the voltage V must be changed in
proportion so that a constant magnetizing current I
control is derived from these basic principles.
MICROMASTER 440 Operating Instructions
6SE6400-5AW00-0BP0
P1300
P1310 – P1350
-
-
FP6100
~ V/f
µ
and the ratio between voltage V and
µ
flows. The V/f characteristic
µ
3 Functions
235