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FLIR A3 F series User Manual

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User's manual
Publ. No.
T559743
Revision
a601
Language
English (EN)
Issue date
April 26, 2012
FLIR A3xx f series
FLIR A3xx pt series

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  • Page 1 User’s manual FLIR A3xx f series FLIR A3xx pt series Publ. No. T559743 Revision a601 Language English (EN) Issue date April 26, 2012...
  • Page 3 User’s manual Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...
  • Page 4 FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply. FLIR Systems will, at its option, repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if, upon inspection, it proves to be defective in material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one-year period.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Serial communications overview ..................9.12 Serial connections ........................ 9.13 Setting configuration dip switches ..................10 Verifying camera operation (FLIR A3xx f series) ................ 10.1 Power and analog video ....................... 10.2 Verify IP Communications ....................11 Verifying camera operation (FLIR A3xx pt series) ..............
  • Page 6 11.2 Verify IP communications ..................... 11.3 FLIR A3xx pt series configuration ..................11.3.1 Set the date and time .................... 11.3.2 Serial remote menu ....................11.3.2.1 Scanlist Serial Control ............... 11.3.3 Digital video configuration—video IR and video DLTV ........11.3.4 Analog video configuration—video matrix ............
  • Page 7 21 Emissivity tables ..........................21.1 References ..........................21.2 Important note about the emissivity tables ................21.3 Tables ............................ Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...
  • Page 8 viii Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...

  • Page 9: Warnings & Cautions

    Warnings & Cautions (Applies only to Class A digital devices.) This equipment generates, uses, and WARNING ■ can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause interference to radio communications. It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial...
  • Page 10 Do not attach the batteries directly to a car’s cigarette lighter socket, unless a ■ specific adapter for connecting the batteries to a cigarette lighter socket is provided by FLIR Systems. Do not connect the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery ■...
  • Page 11 (Applies only to FLIR A3xx f/A3xx pt series cameras.) ■ Except as described in this manual, do not open the FLIR A3xx pt/A3xx f series ■ camera for any reason. Disassembly of the camera (including removal of the cover) can cause permanent damage and will void the warranty.
  • Page 12 GF309 operators. For more in- formation about obtaining the training and certification you require, contact your FLIR sales representative or itc at www.infraredtraining.com. Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...

  • Page 13: Notice To User

    As with most electronic products, this equipment must be disposed of in an environ- mentally friendly way, and in accordance with existing regulations for electronic waste. Please contact your FLIR Systems representative for more details. Training To read about infrared training, visit: http://www.infraredtraining.com...
  • Page 14 2 – Notice to user One (1) back-up copy of the software may also be made for archive purposes. Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...

  • Page 15: Customer Help

    Customer help General For customer help, visit: http://support.flir.com Submitting a To submit a question to the customer help team, you must be a registered user. It question only takes a few minutes to register online. If you only want to search the knowledge- base for existing questions and answers, you do not need to be a registered user.

  • Page 16: Documentation Updates

    To access the latest manuals and notifications, go to the Download tab at: http://support.flir.com It only takes a few minutes to register online. In the download area you will also find the latest releases of manuals for our other products, as well as manuals for our historical and obsolete products.

  • Page 17: Important Note About This Manual

    Important note about this manual General FLIR Systems issues generic manuals that cover several cameras within a model line. This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply to your particular camera model. NOTE FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models, software, parts or accessories, and other items, or to change specifications and/or functionality at any time without prior notice.

  • Page 18: Introduction

    T639344;a1 Figure 6.1 FLIR A3xx f series The main purpose of FLIR A3xx f series is, by adding the housing, to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A3xx series to IP 66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself.

  • Page 19: Flir A3Xx Pt Series

    T639343;a1 Figure 6.2 FLIR A3xx pt series The FLIR A3xx pt series offers an affordable solution for anyone who needs to solve problems that need built in “smartness” such as analysis and alarm functionality. The FLIR A3xx pt series has all the necessary features and functions to build distributed...
  • Page 20 Daylight camera. ■ IP66 ■ IP control, the FLIR A3xx pt series can be integrated in any existing TCP/IP network ■ and controlled over a PC. Serial control interface, use Pelco D or Bosch commands over RS-232, RS-422 or ■...

  • Page 21: Parts Lists

    FLIR Tools & Utilities CD-ROM ■ Registration card ■ NOTE: FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models, parts or accessories, and other items, or to change specifications at any time without prior notice. Packaging contents (FLIR A3xx pt series) Cardboard box ■...

  • Page 22: Installation (Flir A3Xx F Series)

    The mount must support up to 30 lbs. (15 kg). The FLIR A3xx f series is both an analog camera and an IP camera. The video from the camera can be viewed over a traditional analog video network, and it can be viewed by streaming it over an IP network using MPEG-4 encoding.

  • Page 23: Location Considerations

    FLIR A3xx f series cameras must be mounted upright on top of the mounting surface, with the base below the camera. The unit shall not be hung upside down. The FLIR A3xx f series camera can be secured to the mount with three to five 1/4″-20 bolts or studs as shown below.

  • Page 24: Prior To Cutting/Drilling Holes

    Prior to cutting/drilling holes When selecting a mounting location for the FLIR A3xx f series camera, consider cable lengths and cable routing. Ensure the cables are long enough, given the proposed mounting locations and cable routing requirements, and route the cables before you install the components.

  • Page 25: Back Cover

    Mounting screw (×4) T639385;a1 The FLIR A3xx f series camera comes with two 3/4″ NPT cable glands, each with a three hole gland seal insert. Cables may be between 0.23″ to 0.29″ OD. Typically up to five cables may be needed. Plugs are required for any insert hole(s) not being used.

  • Page 26: Removing The

    Figure 8.3 1: Camera power; 2: Camera heater; 3: Video; 4: I/O ports; 5: Ethernet Connecting power The camera itself does not have an on/off switch. Generally the FLIR A3xx f series camera will be connected to a circuit breaker and the circuit breaker will be used to apply or remove power to the camera.

  • Page 27: Video Connections

    Ensure the camera is properly grounded. Typical to good grounding practices, the camera chassis ground should be provided using the lowest resistance path possible. FLIR Systems requires using a grounding strap anchored to the grounding lug on the back plate of the camera housing and connected to the nearest earth-grounding point.

  • Page 28: Installation (Flir A3Xx Pt Series)

    The mount must support up to 45 lbs. (20 kg). The FLIR A3xx pt series camera is both an analog and an IP camera. The video from the camera can be viewed over a traditional analog video network or it can be viewed by streaming it over an IP network using MPEG-4, M-JPEG and H.264 encoding.

  • Page 29: Location Considerations

    9 – Installation (FLIR A3xx pt series) Calibration certificate ■ Downloads brochure ■ FLIR Sensor Manager CD-ROM ■ Lens cap ■ Printed Getting Started Guide ■ Printed Important Information Guide ■ Service & training brochure ■ Small accessories kit ■...

  • Page 30: Camera Mounting

    FLIR A3xx pt series cameras must be mounted upright on top of the mounting surface, with the base below the camera. The unit should not be hung upside down. The FLIR A3xx pt series camera can be secured to the mount with four 5/16″ or M8 bolts, as shown below.

  • Page 31: Prior To Cutting/Drilling Holes

    Prior to cutting/drilling holes When selecting a mounting location for the FLIR A3xx pt series camera, consider cable lengths and cable routing. Ensure the cables are long enough given the pro- posed mounting locations and cable routing requirements.

  • Page 32: Back Cover

    9 – Installation (FLIR A3xx pt series) Back cover The FLIR A3xx pt series camera comes with two 3/4″ NPT cable glands, each with a three hole gland seal insert. Cables may be between 0.23″ to 0.29″ OD. Up to six cables may be installed.

  • Page 33: Removing The

    Analog video (monitoring output only); 6: Analog visual video; 7: Camera power; 8: Heater power Connecting power The camera itself does not have an on/off switch. Generally the FLIR A3xx pt series camera will be connected to a circuit breaker and the circuit breaker will be used to apply or remove power to the camera.

  • Page 34: Video Connections

    If the camera does not have an Ethernet connection, the DIP switches must be used to set the serial communication options. The serial communications parameters for the FLIR A3xx pt series camera are set or modified either via ■...

  • Page 35: Setting Configuration Dip Switches

    The figure below shows the locations of dip switches SW102 and SW103 T639367;a2 Figure 9.5 FLIR A3xx pt series camera configuration Pelco Address: This is the address of the system when configured as a Pelco device. The available range of values is from decimal 0 to 255.
  • Page 36 9 – Installation (FLIR A3xx pt series) T639369;a1 Figure 9.7 Dip switch address/ID settings – SW103 Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...

  • Page 37: Verifying Camera Operation (Flir A3Xx F Series)

    10.2 Verify IP Communications As shipped from the factory, the FLIR A3xx f series camera has an IP address of 192.168.250.116 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0. 1 Configure a laptop or PC with another IP address from this network (for example, 192.168.250.)

  • Page 38: Verifying Camera Operation (Flir A3Xx Pt Series)

    11.2 Verify IP communications As shipped from the factory, the FLIR A3xx pt series camera has an IP address of 192.168.250.116 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0. 1 Configure a laptop or PC with another IP address from this network (for example, 192.168.250.

  • Page 39: Flir A3Xx Pt Series Configuration

    IP communications with the camera. It is not necessary to log in and use the Web Configuration tool right away. At this time, perform a bench test of the camera using the FLIR Sensors Manager software and the factory configured IP address.

  • Page 40: Set The Date And Time

    11 – Verifying camera operation (FLIR A3xx pt series) T639356;a1 The following paragraphs show the pages for setting serial communication parameters and setting a new IP address for a camera on a local area network. 11.3.1 Set the date and time 1 Click Server Status.

  • Page 41: Scanlist Serial Control

    11 – Verifying camera operation (FLIR A3xx pt series) 1 Click Serial Remote. The screen below will be displayed. T639353;a1 2 Select the Protocol for your serial control configuration. (Pelco-D Serial Remote in this example). Select Device ID: 1 to see the Pelco-D advanced settings. (If you selected Bosch Serial Remote in 2 above, you will select Device ID: 2 to see the Bosch advanced settings.)

  • Page 42: Digital Video Configuration-Video Ir And Video Dltv

    T639373;a1 2 Enter the parameters for your IR video stream. The IR Stream Name contains the connection string for the IP video. The default value recognized by FLIR Sensor Manager as ch0 is: rtsp://192.168.250.116/ch0. Enter the appropriate IP video connection string for your installation.

  • Page 43: Analog Video Configuration-Video Matrix

    T639372;a1 4 Enter the parameters for your visible video stream. The DLTV Stream Name contains the connection string for the IP video. The default value recognized by FLIR Sensor Manager as ch2 is: rtsp://192.168.250.116/ch2. Enter the appropriate IP video connection string for your installation.

  • Page 44: Lan Settings

    11 – Verifying camera operation (FLIR A3xx pt series) T639350;a1 2 Click Restore in the Factory Backup and Restore section to reconfigure the file to the settings sent from the factory. This file can not be modified or deleted, so it is always available.
  • Page 45 11 – Verifying camera operation (FLIR A3xx pt series) 2 Enter the Hostname, Gateway, IP Address, and Netmask that are appropriate for the local area network. Then click Save. A message will appear indicating the IP address has been changed and the browser will no longer be able to communicate with the camera.

  • Page 46: Cleaning The Camera

    Cleaning the camera 12.1 Camera housing, cables, and other items Liquids Use one of these liquids: Warm water ■ A weak detergent solution ■ Equipment A soft cloth Procedure Follow this procedure: Soak the cloth in the liquid. Twist the cloth to remove excess liquid. Clean the part with the cloth.

  • Page 47: Infrared Lens

    12 – Cleaning the camera 12.2 Infrared lens Liquids Use one of these liquids: 96% ethyl alcohol (C OH). ■ DEE (= ‘ether’ = diethylether, C ■ 50% acetone (= dimethylketone, (CH CO)) + 50% ethyl alcohol (by volume). ■ This liquid prevents drying marks on the lens.

  • Page 48: Infrared Detector

    12 – Cleaning the camera 12.3 Infrared detector General Even small amounts of dust on the infrared detector can result in major blemishes in the image. To remove any dust from the detector, follow the procedure below. This section only applies to cameras where removing the lens exposes the infrared NOTE ■...

  • Page 49: Technical Data

    For technical data for this product, please refer to the product catalog and technical datasheets on the User Documentation CD-ROM that comes with the camera. The product catalog and the datasheets are also available at http://support.flir.com. Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...

  • Page 50: Pin Configurations And Schematics

    Pin configurations and schematics 14.1 Pin configuration for camera I/O connector Configuration IN 1 IN 2 OUT 1 OUT 2 I/O + I/O – Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...

  • Page 51: Schematic Overview Of The Camera Unit Digital I/O Ports

    14 – Pin configurations and schematics 14.2 Schematic overview of the camera unit digital I/O ports 10771603;a1 Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...

  • Page 52: Schematic Overview Of The A3Xx Pt Board

    14 – Pin configurations and schematics 14.3 Schematic overview of the A3xx pt board T639498;a1 Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...

  • Page 53: About Flir Systems

    About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems was established in 1978 to pioneer the development of high-performance infrared imaging systems, and is the world leader in the design, manufacture, and marketing of thermal imaging systems for a wide variety of commercial, industrial, and government applications.

  • Page 54: More Than Just An Infrared Camera

    10 L (2.6 US gallon) jar with liquid nitrogen. To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment (6 kg/13 lb.) can be seen. RIGHT: FLIR i7 from 2009. Weight: 0.34 kg (0.75 lb.), including the battery.

  • Page 55: Sharing Our Knowledge

    15.3 Supporting our customers FLIR Systems operates a worldwide service network to keep your camera running at all times. If you discover a problem with your camera, local service centers have all the equipment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time. Therefore, there is no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language.
  • Page 56 15 – About FLIR Systems 10401403;a1 Figure 15.4 LEFT: Diamond turning machine; RIGHT: Lens polishing 10401503;a1 Figure 15.5 LEFT: Testing of infrared cameras in the climatic chamber; RIGHT: Robot used for camera testing and calibration Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...

  • Page 57: Glossary

    Glossary Term or expression Explanation absorption (absorption factor) The amount of radiation absorbed by an object relative to the received radiation. A number between 0 and 1. atmosphere The gases between the object being measured and the camera, normally air. autoadjust A function making a camera perform an internal image correc- tion.
  • Page 58 16 – Glossary Term or expression Explanation external optics Extra lenses, filters, heat shields etc. that can be put between the camera and the object being measured. filter A material transparent only to some of the infrared wavelengths. Field of view: The horizontal angle that can be viewed through an IR lens.
  • Page 59 16 – Glossary Term or expression Explanation palette The set of colors used to display an IR image. pixel Stands for picture element. One single spot in an image. radiance Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time, area and angle (W/m /sr) radiant power...
  • Page 60 16 – Glossary Term or expression Explanation transmission (or transmittance) factor Gases and materials can be more or less transparent. Transmis- sion is the amount of IR radiation passing through them. A number between 0 and 1. transparent isotherm An isotherm showing a linear spread of colors, instead of cover- ing the highlighted parts of the image.

  • Page 61: Thermographic Measurement Techniques

    Thermographic measurement techniques 17.1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature. However, the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the tem- perature of the object but is also a function of the emissivity.

  • Page 62: Finding The Emissivity Of A Sample

    17 – Thermographic measurement techniques 17.2.1 Finding the emissivity of a sample 17.2.1.1 Step 1: Determining reflected apparent temperature Use one of the following two methods to determine reflected apparent temperature: 17.2.1.1.1 Method 1: Direct method Look for possible reflection sources, considering that the incident angle = reflection angle (a = b).
  • Page 63 17 – Thermographic measurement techniques Measure the radiation intensity (= apparent temperature) from the reflecting source using the following settings: Emissivity: 1.0 ■ ■ You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following two methods: 10589003;a2 Figure 17.3 1 = Reflection source Note: Using a thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature is not recom- mended for two important reasons: A thermocouple does not measure radiation intensity...

  • Page 64: Step 2: Determining The Emissivity

    17 – Thermographic measurement techniques Measure the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil and write it down. 10727003;a2 Figure 17.4 Measuring the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil 17.2.1.2 Step 2: Determining the emissivity Select a place to put the sample. Determine and set reflected apparent temperature according to the previous procedure.

  • Page 65: Reflected Apparent Temperature

    50%. 17.6 Other parameters In addition, some cameras and analysis programs from FLIR Systems allow you to compensate for the following parameters: Atmospheric temperature – i.e. the temperature of the atmosphere between the ■...

  • Page 66: History Of Infrared Technology

    History of infrared technology Before the year 1800, the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum wasn't even suspected. The original significance of the infrared spectrum, or simply ‘the infrared’ as it is often called, as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious today than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800.
  • Page 67 18 – History of infrared technology however, who was the first to recognize that there must be a point where the heating effect reaches a maximum, and that measurements confined to the visible portion of the spectrum failed to locate this point. 10398903;a1 Figure 18.2 Marsilio Landriani (1746–1815) Moving the thermometer into the dark region beyond the red end of the spectrum,...
  • Page 68 18 – History of infrared technology 10399103;a1 Figure 18.3 Macedonio Melloni (1798–1854) Thermometers, as radiation detectors, remained unchallenged until 1829, the year Nobili invented the thermocouple. (Herschel’s own thermometer could be read to 0.2 °C (0.036 °F), and later models were able to be read to 0.05 °C (0.09 °F)). Then a breakthrough occurred;...
  • Page 69 18 – History of infrared technology The improvement of infrared-detector sensitivity progressed slowly. Another major breakthrough, made by Langley in 1880, was the invention of the bolometer. This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer responded.

  • Page 70: Theory Of Thermography

    Theory of thermography 19.1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera. In this section the theory behind ther- mography will be given. 19.2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength re- gions, called bands, distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation.

  • Page 71: Blackbody Radiation

    Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in temperature reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermo- graphic instruments, such as a FLIR Systems camera for example. Publ. No. T559743 Rev. a601 – ENGLISH (EN) – April 26, 2012...

  • Page 72: Planck's Law

    19 – Theory of thermography If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525°C (977°F), the source begins to be visible so that it appears to the eye no longer black. This is the incipient red heat temperature of the radiator, which then becomes orange or yellow as the temperature increases further.

  • Page 73: Wien's Displacement Law

    19 – Theory of thermography ➲ The factor 10 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt/m , μm. Planck’s formula, when plotted graphically for various temperatures, produces a family of curves. Following any particular Planck curve, the spectral emittance is zero at λ...
  • Page 74 19 – Theory of thermography μm. Thus, a very hot star such as Sirius (11 000 K), emitting bluish-white light, radiates with the peak of spectral radiant emittance occurring within the invisible ultraviolet spectrum, at wavelength 0.27 μm. 10399403;a1 Figure 19.5 Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928) The sun (approx.

  • Page 75: Stefan-Boltzmann's Law

    19 – Theory of thermography 10327203;a4 Figure 19.6 Planckian curves plotted on semi-log scales from 100 K to 1000 K. The dotted line represents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each temperature as described by Wien's displacement law. 1: Spectral radiant emittance (W/cm (μm));...

  • Page 76: Non-Blackbody Emitters

    19 – Theory of thermography 10399303;a1 Figure 19.7 Josef Stefan (1835–1893), and Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) Using the Stefan-Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body, at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx. 2 m , we obtain 1 kW.
  • Page 77 19 – Theory of thermography For opaque materials τ = 0 and the relation simplifies to: λ Another factor, called the emissivity, is required to describe the fraction ε of the radiant emittance of a blackbody produced by an object at a specific temperature. Thus, we have the definition: The spectral emissivity ε...

  • Page 78: Infrared Semi-Transparent Materials

    19 – Theory of thermography 10401203;a2 Figure 19.8 Spectral radiant emittance of three types of radiators. 1: Spectral radiant emittance; 2: Wavelength; 3: Blackbody; 4: Selective radiator; 5: Graybody. 10327303;a4 Figure 19.9 Spectral emissivity of three types of radiators. 1: Spectral emissivity; 2: Wavelength; 3: Blackbody;...
  • Page 79 19 – Theory of thermography some of it arrives at the other surface, through which most of it escapes; part of it is reflected back again. Although the progressive reflections become weaker and weaker they must all be added up when the total emittance of the plate is sought. When the resulting geometrical series is summed, the effective emissivity of a semi- transparent plate is obtained as: When the plate becomes opaque this formula is reduced to the single formula:...

  • Page 80: The Measurement Formula

    The measurement formula As already mentioned, when viewing an object, the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself. It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the object surface. Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path.
  • Page 81 20 – The measurement formula or, with simplified notation: where C is a constant. Should the source be a graybody with emittance ε, the received radiation would consequently be εW source We are now ready to write the three collected radiation power terms: 1 –...
  • Page 82 20 – The measurement formula This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment. The voltages of the formula are: Figure 20.2 Voltages Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature i.e. a voltage that can be directly converted into true requested object temperature.
  • Page 83 5 volts, the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4.1 volts, pro- vided the calibration algorithm is based on radiation physics, like the FLIR Systems algorithm. Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations.
  • Page 84 20 – The measurement formula 10400603;a2 Figure 20.3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (SW camera). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; Obj: Object radiation; Refl: Reflected radiation; Atm: atmosphere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; T = 20°C (+68°F); T = 20°C (+68°F).
  • Page 85 20 – The measurement formula 10400703;a2 Figure 20.4 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (LW camera). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; Obj: Object radiation; Refl: Reflected radiation; Atm: atmosphere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; T = 20°C (+68°F); T = 20°C (+68°F).

  • Page 86: Emissivity Tables

    Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems. 21.1 References Mikaél A. Bramson: Infrared Radiation, A Handbook for Applications, Plenum press, N.Y. William L. Wolfe, George J. Zissis: The Infrared Handbook, Office of Naval Research, Department of Navy, Washington, D.C.

  • Page 87: Tables

    21 – Emissivity tables 21.3 Tables Figure 21.1 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3: Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum (T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm); 5: Emissivity: 6: Reference to literature source above 3M type 35 Vinyl electrical <...
  • Page 88 21 – Emissivity tables Aluminum roughened 3 µm 0.28 Aluminum roughened 10 µm 0.18 Aluminum rough surface 20–50 0.06–0.07 Aluminum sheet, 4 samples 0.03–0.06 differently scratched Aluminum sheet, 4 samples 0.05–0.08 differently scratched Aluminum vacuum deposited 0.04 Aluminum weathered, heavily 0.83–0.94 Aluminum bronze 0.60...
  • Page 89 21 – Emissivity tables Brass rubbed with 80- 0.20 grit emery Brass sheet, rolled 0.06 Brass sheet, worked with emery Brick alumina 0.68 Brick common 0.86–0.81 Brick Dinas silica, 1100 0.85 glazed, rough Brick Dinas silica, refrac- 1000 0.66 tory Brick Dinas silica, 1000...
  • Page 90 21 – Emissivity tables Brick waterproof 0.87 Bronze phosphor bronze 0.06 Bronze phosphor bronze 0.08 Bronze polished Bronze porous, rough 50–150 0.55 Bronze powder 0.76–0.80 Carbon candle soot 0.95 Carbon charcoal powder 0.96 Carbon graphite, filed sur- 0.98 face Carbon graphite powder 0.97 Carbon...
  • Page 91 21 – Emissivity tables Copper oxidized, heavily 0.78 Copper oxidized to black- 0.88 ness Copper polished 50–100 0.02 Copper polished 0.03 Copper polished, commer- 0.03 cial Copper polished, mechan- 0.015 ical Copper pure, carefully 0.008 prepared surface Copper scraped 0.07 Copper dioxide powder 0.84...
  • Page 92 21 – Emissivity tables Granite rough, 4 different 0.95–0.97 samples Gypsum 0.8–0.9 Ice: See Water Iron, cast casting 0.81 Iron, cast ingots 1000 0.95 Iron, cast liquid 1300 0.28 Iron, cast machined 800–1000 0.60–0.70 Iron, cast oxidized 0.63 Iron, cast oxidized 0.64 Iron, cast...
  • Page 93 21 – Emissivity tables Iron and steel hot rolled 0.77 Iron and steel hot rolled 0.60 Iron and steel oxidized 0.74 Iron and steel oxidized 0.74 Iron and steel oxidized 125–525 0.78–0.82 Iron and steel oxidized 0.79 Iron and steel oxidized 1227 0.89...
  • Page 94 21 – Emissivity tables Iron tinned sheet 0.064 Krylon Ultra-flat Flat black Room temperature Ca. 0.96 black 1602 up to 175 Krylon Ultra-flat Flat black Room temperature Ca. 0.97 black 1602 up to 175 Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 0.92–0.94 on Aluminum Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 0.50–0.53...
  • Page 95 21 – Emissivity tables Magnesium 0.18 Magnesium polished 0.07 Magnesium pow- 0.86 Molybdenum 600–1000 0.08–0.13 Molybdenum 1500–2200 0.19–0.26 Molybdenum filament 700–2500 0.1–0.3 Mortar 0.87 Mortar 0.94 Nextel Velvet 811- Flat black –60–150 > 0.97 10 and 21 Black Nichrome rolled 0.25 Nichrome sandblasted...
  • Page 96 21 – Emissivity tables Nickel electroplated on 0.11 iron, unpolished Nickel oxidized 0.37 Nickel oxidized 0.37 Nickel oxidized 1227 0.85 Nickel oxidized at 600°C 200–600 0.37–0.48 Nickel polished 0.045 Nickel wire 200–1000 0.1–0.2 Nickel oxide 500–650 0.52–0.59 Nickel oxide 1000–1250 0.75–0.86 Oil, lubricating 0.025 mm film...
  • Page 97 21 – Emissivity tables Paint oil based, average 0.94 of 16 colors Paint plastic, black 0.95 Paint plastic, white 0.84 Paper 4 different colors 0.92–0.94 Paper 4 different colors 0.68–0.74 Paper black 0.90 Paper black, dull 0.94 Paper black, dull 0.89 Paper black, dull...
  • Page 98 21 – Emissivity tables Plastic polyurethane isola- 0.55 tion board Plastic polyurethane isola- 0.29 tion board Plastic PVC, plastic floor, 0.93 dull, structured Plastic PVC, plastic floor, 0.94 dull, structured Platinum 0.016 Platinum 0.03 Platinum 0.05 Platinum 0.06 Platinum 0.10 Platinum 1000–1500 0.14–0.18...
  • Page 99 21 – Emissivity tables Skin human 0.98 Slag boiler 0–100 0.97–0.93 Slag boiler 200–500 0.89–0.78 Slag boiler 600–1200 0.76–0.70 Slag boiler 1400–1800 0.69–0.67 Snow: See Water Soil 0.92 Soil saturated with wa- 0.95 Stainless steel alloy, 8% Ni, 18% 0.35 Stainless steel rolled 0.45...
  • Page 100 21 – Emissivity tables Titanium oxidized at 540°C 0.40 Titanium oxidized at 540°C 0.50 Titanium oxidized at 540°C 1000 0.60 Titanium polished 0.15 Titanium polished 0.20 Titanium polished 1000 0.36 Tungsten 0.05 Tungsten 600–1000 0.1–0.16 Tungsten 1500–2200 0.24–0.31 Tungsten filament 3300 0.39 Varnish...
  • Page 101 21 – Emissivity tables Wood pine, 4 different 0.81–0.89 samples Wood pine, 4 different 0.67–0.75 samples Wood planed 0.8–0.9 Wood planed oak 0.90 Wood planed oak 0.88 Wood planed oak 0.77 Wood plywood, smooth, 0.82 Wood plywood, untreat- 0.83 Wood white, damp 0.7–0.8 Zinc...
  • Page 102 A note on the technical production of this publication This publication was produced using XML—the eXtensible Markup Language. For more information about XML, please visit http://www.w3.org/XML/ A note on the typeface used in this publication This publication was typeset using Swiss 721, which is Bitstream’s pan-European version of the Helvetica™ typeface. Helvetica™ was designed by Max Miedinger (1910–1980).
  • Page 104 Corporate Headquarters FLIR Systems, Inc. 27700 SW Parkway Avenue Wilsonville, OR 97070 Telephone: +1-800-727-3547 Website: http://www.flir.com...

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