FLIR T460 User Manual
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FLIR T460 User Manual

T4xx series
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User's manual
FLIR T4xx series
For P/N: 62103-xxxx, 62104-xxxx

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Summary of Contents for FLIR FLIR T460

  • Page 1 User’s manual FLIR T4xx series For P/N: 62103-xxxx, 62104-xxxx...
  • Page 4 Important note Before operating the device, you must read, understand, and follow all instructions, warnings, cautions, and legal disclaimers. Důležitá poznámka Před použitím zařízení si přečtěte veškeré pokyny, upozornění, varování a vyvázání se ze záruky, ujistěte se, že jim rozumíte, a řiďte se jimi.
  • Page 5 User’s manual FLIR T4xx series #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Table of contents Disclaimers ..................1 Legal disclaimer ............... 1 Usage statistics ................ 1 Changes to registry ..............1 U.S. Government Regulations............1 Copyright ................1 Quality assurance ..............1 Patents ................... 1 EULA Terms ................1 EULA Terms ................1 Safety information ................3 Notice to user ...................7 User-to-user forums ..............
  • Page 8 Table of contents Pairing Bluetooth devices..............20 11.1 General ................20 11.2 Procedure ................20 Configuring Wi-Fi ................21 12.1 General ................21 12.2 Setting up a peer-to-peer connection (most common use) ....21 12.3 Connecting the camera to a wireless local area network (less common use).................
  • Page 9 Table of contents 14.3.1 General..............34 14.3.2 Procedure ..............34 14.4 Editing a saved image.............. 34 14.4.1 General..............34 14.4.2 Procedure ..............34 14.5 Adjusting an infrared image............35 14.5.1 General..............35 14.5.2 Example 1 ..............35 14.5.3 Example 2 ..............35 14.5.4 Procedure ..............
  • Page 10 Setting a measurement alarm ............ 46 16.8.1 General..............46 16.8.2 Types of alarm ............. 46 16.8.3 Alarm signals .............. 46 16.8.4 Procedure ..............47 Fetching data from external FLIR meters ..........49 17.1 General ................49 17.2 Supported FLIR meters ............49 17.3...
  • Page 11 24.3 Note about authoritative versions..........62 24.4 FLIR T420 (incl. Wi-Fi) ............. 63 24.5 FLIR T420 with SC kit (incl. Wi-Fi, incl. 45° lens) ......69 24.6 FLIR T420bx (incl. Wi-Fi) ............75 24.7 FLIR T430sc (incl. Wi-Fi) ............81 24.8...
  • Page 12 Table of contents Glossary ..................129 Thermographic measurement techniques ........132 32.1 Introduction ................ 132 32.2 Emissivity................132 32.2.1 Finding the emissivity of a sample ........132 32.3 Reflected apparent temperature..........135 32.4 Distance ................135 32.5 Relative humidity ..............135 32.6 Other parameters..............

  • Page 13: Disclaimers

    FLIR Systems AB from Microsoft Licensing, GP or its manship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one- affiliates (“MS”). Those installed software products of MS origin, as well year period.
  • Page 14 Disclaimers html. The source code for the libraries Qt4 Core and Qt4 GUI may be re- quested from FLIR Systems AB. #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...

  • Page 15: Safety Information

    WARNING Applicability: Digital devices subject to 15.21. NOTICE: Changes or modifications made to this equipment not expressly approved by FLIR Systems may void the FCC authorization to operate this equipment. WARNING Applicability: Digital devices subject to 2.1091/2.1093/OET Bulletin 65.
  • Page 16 Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not attach the batteries directly to a car’s cigarette lighter socket, unless FLIR Systems supplies a specific adapter to connect the batteries to a cigarette lighter socket. Damage to the batteries can occur.
  • Page 17 Safety information CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not hit the battery with a hammer. Damage to the battery can occur. CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not put your foot on the battery, hit it or cause shocks to it. Damage to the battery can occur. CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries.
  • Page 18 Safety information CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. The temperature range through which you can remove the electrical power from the battery is -15°C to +50°C (+5°F to +122°F), unless other information is specified in the user documentation or technical data.

  • Page 19: Notice To User

    3.7 Important note about this manual FLIR Systems issues generic manuals that cover several cameras within a model line. This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply to your particular camera model.

  • Page 20: Customer Help

    Customer help 4.1 General For customer help, visit: http://support.flir.com 4.2 Submitting a question To submit a question to the customer help team, you must be a registered user. It only takes a few minutes to register online. If you only want to search the knowledgebase for existing questions and answers, you do not need to be a registered user.

  • Page 21: Downloads

    • The communication protocol, or method, between the camera and your device (for ex- ample, HDMI, Ethernet, USB, or FireWire) • Device type (PC/Mac/iPhone/iPad/Android device, etc.) • Version of any programs from FLIR Systems • Full name, publication number, and revision number of the manual 4.3 Downloads On the customer help site you can also download the following: •...

  • Page 22: Quick Start Guide

    7. Push the Autofocus/save button fully down to save an image. 8. Go to http://support.flir.com/tools and download FLIR Tools. 9. Install FLIR Tools on your computer. 10. Start FLIR Tools. 11. Connect the camera to the computer using a USB cable. 12. Import the images into FLIR Tools.

  • Page 23: List Of Accessories And Services

    T198584 FLIR Tools+ (license only) T198583 Hard transport case for FLIR T/B2xx-4xx T198370ACC High temp. option +1200°C/+2192°F for FLIR T/ T197000 B2xx to T/B4xx and A3xx, A3xxf, A3xxpt, A3xxsc series IR lens, 4 mm (90°) with case and mounting sup-...
  • Page 24 List of accessories and services NOTE FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models, parts or accessories, and other items, or to change specifications at any time without prior notice. #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...

  • Page 25: Note About Ergonomics

    A note about ergonomics 7.1 General To prevent strain-related injuries, it is important that you hold the camera ergonomically correct. This section gives advice and examples on how to hold the camera. NOTE Please note the following: • Always tilt the touch-screen LCD to suit your work position. •...

  • Page 26: Camera Parts

    Camera parts 8.1 View from the rear 8.1.1 Figure 8.1.2 Explanation 1. Touch-screen LCD. 2. Antenna for wireless communication. 3. Digital zoom button. 4. Programmable button. 5. Joystick with push-button functionality. 6. Back button. 7. Camera lamp button. 8. Button to switch between automatic and manual image adjustment mode. 9.

  • Page 27: View From The Bottom

    Camera parts 3. Focus button. Move left/right to focus the camera. 4. Attachment point for the neck strap. 5. Camera lamp. 6. Digital camera. 7. Release button for additional infrared lenses. 8. Laser pointer. NOTE The laser pointer may not be enabled in all markets. 9.

  • Page 28: Battery Condition Indicator

    Camera parts 8.4 Battery condition indicator 8.4.1 Figure 8.4.2 Explanation Type of signal Explanation The green light flashes. The power supply or the stand-alone battery charger is charging the battery. The green light is continuous. The battery is fully charged. The green light is off.

  • Page 29: Laser Pointer

    Camera parts 8.5 Laser pointer 8.5.1 Figure Figure 8.1 This figure shows the difference in position between the laser pointer and the optical center of the infrared lens. WARNING Do not look directly into the laser beam. The laser beam can cause eye irritation. NOTE The laser pointer is enabled by a setting.

  • Page 30: Screen Elements

    Screen elements 9.1 Figure 9.2 Explanation 1. Measurement toolbar. 2. Measurement tool (e.g., spotmeter). 3. Result table. 4. Status icons. 5. Temperature scale. 6. Settings toolbar button. 7. Color toolbar button. 8. Measurement toolbar button. 9. Image mode toolbar button. 10.

  • Page 31: Navigating The Menu System

    Navigating the menu system 10.1 Figure 10.2 Explanation The figure above shows the two ways to navigate the menu system in the camera: • Using the index finger or a stylus pen specially designed for capacitive touch usage to navigate the menu system (left). •...

  • Page 32: Pairing Bluetooth Devices

    You can remove a device by selecting the device and then selecting Unpair device. • After adding a METERLiNK device, such as the FLIR MR77 or FLIR DM93, the result from the meter will be visible in the result table and stored with the images. For more information, see 17 Fetching data from external FLIR meters, page 49.

  • Page 33: Configuring Wi-Fi

    Configuring Wi-Fi 12.1 General Depending on your camera configuration, you can connect the camera to a wireless local area network (WLAN) using Wi-Fi, or let the camera provide Wi-Fi access to another device. You can connect the camera in two different ways: •...

  • Page 34: Handling The Camera

    Handling the camera 13.1 Charging the battery NOTE You must charge the battery for 4 hours before you start using the camera for the first time. 13.1.1 General You must charge the battery when a low battery voltage warning is displayed on the screen.

  • Page 35: Using The Stand-Alone Battery Charger To Charge The Battery

    Handling the camera 13.1.4 Using the stand-alone battery charger to charge the battery 13.1.4.1 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Put the battery in the stand-alone battery charger. 2. Connect the power supply cable plug to the connector on the stand-alone battery charger.

  • Page 36: Removing The Battery

    Handling the camera 4. Close the cover to the battery compartment. 13.3 Removing the battery 13.3.1 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the release button on the battery compartment cover to unlock it. 2. Open the cover to the battery compartment. 3.

  • Page 37: Turning On And Turning Off The Camera

    Handling the camera 13.4 Turning on and turning off the camera • Push the button to turn on the camera. • Push and hold the button for less than 5 seconds to put the camera in standby mode. The camera then automatically turns off after 6 hours. •...

  • Page 38: Procedure

    Handling the camera 13.7.1 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the lens release button to unlock the lens cap. 2. Rotate the lens cap 30° counter-clockwise (looking at the front of the lens). 3. Carefully pull out the lens cap from the bayonet ring. 4.

  • Page 39: Removing An Additional Infrared Lens

    Handling the camera 5. Carefully push the lens into position. 6. Rotate the lens 30° clockwise (looking at the front of the lens). 13.8 Removing an additional infrared lens NOTE Do not touch the lens surface when you mount an infrared lens. If this happens, clean the lens accord- ing to the instructions in 28.2 Infrared lens, page 121.
  • Page 40 Handling the camera 2. Rotate the lens counter-clockwise 30° (looking at the front of the lens). 3. Carefully pull out the lens from the bayonet ring. 4. Correctly position the lens cap in front of the bayonet ring. 5. Carefully push the lens cap into position. #T559879;...

  • Page 41: Attaching The Sunshield

    Handling the camera 6. Rotate the lens cap 30° clockwise (looking at the front of the lens). 13.9 Attaching the sunshield 13.9.1 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Align the two front tabs of the sunshield with the corresponding two notches at the top of the screen.

  • Page 42: Using The Laser Pointer

    Handling the camera 4. Push the rear part of the sunshield toward the screen, and then release your grip. Make sure that the two tabs mate with the corresponding notches. 13.10 Using the laser pointer NOTE The laser pointer is enabled by a setting. Select (Settings) >...

  • Page 43: Calibrating The Compass

    Handling the camera 13.11 Calibrating the compass 13.11.1 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the joystick to display the menu system. 2. Use the joystick to go to (Settings). 3. Push the joystick to display the Settings menu. 4. Select Device settings and push the joystick. 5.

  • Page 44: Using The Camera Lamp As A Flash

    Handling the camera 13.13 Using the camera lamp as a flash 13.13.1 General The camera lamp can be used as a flash for the digital camera. When the flash function is activated, the camera lamp will flash when an image is saved by pushing the Autofo- cus/Save button fully down.

  • Page 45: Working With Images

    The image jpg file is fully radiometric and saved lossless, which enables full post-proc- essing in FLIR Tools. There is also a regular jpg part (lossy) for convenient viewing in non-FLIR Systems software (Explorer).

  • Page 46: Previewing An Image

    Working with images 14.2 Previewing an image 14.2.1 General You can preview an image before you save it. This enables you to see if the image con- tains the information you want before you save it. You can also adjust and edit the image. NOTE The camera must be configured to display a preview image before saving.

  • Page 47: Adjusting An Infrared Image

    Working with images 2. Push the joystick and select (Edit) from the menu. 3. Manual image adjust mode is now active, and the status icon is displayed. For image adjustment instructions, see 14.5 Adjusting an infrared image, page 35. 4. Push the joystick. This displays a context menu. •...

  • Page 48: Procedure

    Working with images temperature levels have been changed to temperature levels near the isolator. This makes it easier to analyze the temperature variations in the isolator. 14.5.4 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. In live mode, push the button to enter manual image adjust mode. 2.

  • Page 49: Hiding Overlay Graphics (Programmable Button)

    Working with images 2. Use the joystick to go to (Settings). 3. Push the joystick to display the Settings menu. 4. Select Device settings and push the joystick. 5. Select Set up camera and push the joystick. 6. Select Camera temperature range and push the joystick. 7.

  • Page 50: Deleting An Image

    14.12.1 General You can create a PDF report and save it to the memory card. You can then transfer the PDF report to a computer, iPhone, or iPad using FLIR Tools, and send the report to a customer. 14.12.2 Naming convention The naming convention for report files is REPORTxxxx.jpg, where xxxx is a unique...
  • Page 51 Working with images 5. Select (Information & reports) and push the joystick. This displays information about the image. 6. Select Create report and push the joystick. The created report will be available in the archive. #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...

  • Page 52: Working With Image Modes

    Working with image modes 15.1 General The camera captures both thermal and visual images at the same time. By your choice of image mode, you select which type of image to display on the screen. The camera supports the following image modes: •...

  • Page 53: Selecting The Image Mode

    Working with image modes Image mode Image Picture in picture Digital camera 15.3 Selecting the image mode Follow this procedure: 1. Push the joystick to display the menu system. 2. Use the joystick to go to (Image mode). 3. Push the joystick to display a submenu. 4.

  • Page 54: Working With Measurement Tools

    Working with measurement tools 16.1 General To measure a temperature, you can use one or more measurement tools, e.g., a spot- meter or a box. 16.2 Adding/removing measurement tools Follow this procedure: 1. Push the joystick to display the menu system. 2.

  • Page 55: Resizing Or Moving A Measurement Tool

    Working with measurement tools 8. Push the joystick. This displays the measurement tool on the screen. 9. Push the joystick. This displays a context menu, where you can select one or more of the following actions (depending on the type of tool): •...

  • Page 56: Recommended Values

    Working with measurement tools • Atmospheric temperature, i.e., the temperature of the air between the camera and the object of interest. • Relative humidity, i.e., the relative humidity of the air between the camera and the ob- ject of interest. •...

  • Page 57: Related Topics

    Working with measurement tools 4. Push the joystick to display a dialog box. 5. Use the joystick to change the parameter. 6. Push the joystick. This closes the dialog box. 16.5.4.2 Changing local parameters You can change the local parameters for a measurement tool. Follow this procedure: 1.

  • Page 58: Creating And Setting Up A Difference Calculation

    Working with measurement tools 16.7 Creating and setting up a difference calculation 16.7.1 General A difference calculation gives the difference between the values of two known measure- ment results. 16.7.2 Procedure NOTE • You can set up a difference calculation when defining user presets, or when editing an image in the archive.

  • Page 59: Procedure

    Working with measurement tools 16.8.4 Procedure There are different procedures for setting up an alarm for a spot, box, circle, or line and for a difference calculation. 16.8.4.1 Setting up an alarm for a spot Follow this procedure: 1. To select the spot, touch the tool on the screen. The tool is now displayed with a frame.
  • Page 60 Working with measurement tools Follow this procedure: 1. Select (Add measurement). This displays a submenu. 2. Select (Select). This display a dialog box. 3. Select Delta. This displays a context menu. 4. Use the joystick to go to (Set alarm on delta). 5.

  • Page 61: Fetching Data From External Flir Meters

    FLIR meter. NOTE • Before you can use a FLIR meter with the camera, you need to pair the devices. For more informa- tion, see 11 Pairing Bluetooth devices, page 20. •...

  • Page 62: More Information

    5. Use the camera to take a thermal image of the area with the identifying marker. The stored data from the moisture meter will also be saved on the image. 17.5 More information For more information, see the users’ manuals that are shipped with the FLIR meters. #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...

  • Page 63: Working With Color Alarms And Isotherms

    Working with color alarms and isotherms 18.1 Color alarms 18.1.1 General By using color alarms (isotherms), anomalies can easily be discovered in an infrared im- age. The isotherm command applies a contrasting color to all pixels with a temperature above, below, or between the set temperature levels. The camera also features isotherm types that are specific to the building trade: condensation and insulation alarms.

  • Page 64: Setting Up Above, Below, And Interval Alarms

    Working with color alarms and isotherms Image Color alarm Above alarm Below alarm Interval alarm 18.2 Setting up above, below, and interval alarms Follow this procedure: 1. Push the joystick to display the menu system. 2. Use the joystick to go to (Color).

  • Page 65: Building Isotherms

    Working with color alarms and isotherms 18.3 Building isotherms NOTE The Condensation and Insulation alarms are not supported by all camera models. 18.3.1 About the Condensation alarm To detect areas with potential moisture problems, you can use the Condensation alarm. You can set the relative humidity above which the isotherm will colorize the image.

  • Page 66: Annotating Images

    Annotating images 19.1 General You can save additional information together with an infrared image by using annotations. Annotations make reporting and post-processing more efficient, by providing essential information about the image, e.g., conditions and information about where an image is taken.

  • Page 67: Procedure

    A voice annotation is an audio recording that is saved to the infrared image file. The voice annotation is recorded using a Bluetooth headset. The recording can be played back in the camera, and in image analysis and reporting software from FLIR Systems.

  • Page 68: Procedure

    Annotating images 19.5.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Open the image in the image archive. 2. Push the joystick. This displays a context menu. 3. Select (Add sketch) and push the joystick. 4. You are now in sketch mode. Draw the sketch by touching the screen. 5.

  • Page 69: Programming The Camera (Time Lapse)

    Programming the camera (time lapse) 20.1 General You can program the camera to save images periodically (time lapse). 20.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the joystick to display the menu system. 2. Use the joystick to go to (Recording mode). 3.

  • Page 70: Recording Video Clips

    Mpeg (*.mpg): Mpeg recordings cannot be edited after the file has been saved. • Radiometric storage (*csq): A csq file supports full radiometry but is only supported by FLIR Sys- tems software. The file does not include any visual-image information.

  • Page 71: Screening Alarm

    Screening alarm 22.1 General The screening alarm can be used, for example, at airports to detect passengers with ele- vated body temperatures, which may indicate the presence of a fever. Activating the screening alarm will turn on a measurement box and screening data in the result table.

  • Page 72: Changing Settings

    Changing settings 23.1 General The Settings menu includes the following: • Define user presets • Save options • Programmable button • Reset options • Device settings 23.1.1 Define user presets • Define preset 1 • Define preset 2 23.1.2 Save options •...

  • Page 73: Procedure

    Changing settings • Bluetooth including METERLiNK: For more information, see 11 Pairing Bluetooth de- vices, page 20. • Language, time & units • Camera information: Information about the model, serial number, part number, and software versions. No changes can be made. 23.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1.

  • Page 74: Technical Data

    24.2 Note about technical data FLIR Systems reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice. Please check http://support.flir.com for latest changes.

  • Page 75: Flir T420 (Incl. Wi-Fi)

    Rev.: 22043 General description The FLIR T420 is a camera that offers good performance at an affordable price. Excellent ergonomics, a walk-up-and-use interface, and easy communication make the FLIR T420 a truly user-friendly camera for the beginner or advanced user.
  • Page 76 Image annotations (in still images) Voice 60 seconds (via Bluetooth) stored with the image Text Add table. Select between predefined templates or create your own in FLIR Tools Image description Add short note (stored in JPEG EXIF tag) #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...
  • Page 77 Technical data Image annotations (in still images) METERLiNK Wireless connection (Bluetooth) to: FLIR meters with METERLiNK Report generation • Instant Report (*.pdf file) in camera including IR and visual images • Separate PC software with extensive report generation Geographic Information System...
  • Page 78 Technical data Composite video Video out Composite Video, standard CVBS (ITU-R-BT.470 PAL/SMPTE 170M NTSC) Video, connector type 4-pole 3.5 mm jack Radio Wi-Fi • Standard: 802.11 b/g • Frequency range: 2412–2462 MHz • Max. output power: 15 dBm METERLiNK/Bluetooth Frequency range: 2402–2480 MHz Antenna Internal Power system...
  • Page 79 • T197408; IR lens, 76 mm (6°) with case and mounting support for T/B-200/400 • T197412; IR lens, 4 mm (90°) with case and mounting support for T/B2xx-4xx • T197000; High temp. option +1200°C/+2192°F for FLIR T/B2xx to T/B4xx and A3xx, A3xxf, A3xxpt, A3xxsc series •...
  • Page 80 • APP-10004; FLIR Tools (MacOS Application) • T198697; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 • T199014; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 • T199044; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 Upgrade • T198696; FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 • T199013; FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 •...

  • Page 81: Flir T420 With Sc Kit (Incl. Wi-Fi, Incl. 45° Lens)

    Rev.: 23380 General description The FLIR T420 is a camera that offers good performance at an affordable price. Excellent ergonomics, a walk-up-and-use interface, and easy communication make the FLIR T420 a truly user-friendly camera for the beginner or advanced user.
  • Page 82 Image annotations (in still images) Voice 60 seconds (via Bluetooth) stored with the image Text Add table. Select between predefined templates or create your own in FLIR Tools Image description Add short note (stored in JPEG EXIF tag) #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...
  • Page 83 Technical data Image annotations (in still images) METERLiNK Wireless connection (Bluetooth) to: FLIR meters with METERLiNK Report generation • Instant Report (*.pdf file) in camera including IR and visual images • Separate PC software with extensive report generation Geographic Information System...
  • Page 84 Technical data Composite video Video out Composite Video, standard CVBS (ITU-R-BT.470 PAL/SMPTE 170M NTSC) Video, connector type 4-pole 3.5 mm jack Radio Wi-Fi • Standard: 802.11 b/g • Frequency range: 2412–2462 MHz • Max. output power: 15 dBm METERLiNK/Bluetooth Frequency range: 2402–2480 MHz Antenna Internal Power system...
  • Page 85 • T197408; IR lens, 76 mm (6°) with case and mounting support for T/B-200/400 • T197412; IR lens, 4 mm (90°) with case and mounting support for T/B2xx-4xx • T197000; High temp. option +1200°C/+2192°F for FLIR T/B2xx to T/B4xx and A3xx, A3xxf, A3xxpt, A3xxsc series •...
  • Page 86 • APP-10004; FLIR Tools (MacOS Application) • T198697; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 • T199014; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 • T199044; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 Upgrade • T198696; FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 • T199013; FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 •...

  • Page 87: Flir T420Bx (Incl. Wi-Fi)

    Rev.: 22043 General description The FLIR T420bx is a camera that offers good performance at an affordable price. Excellent ergonom- ics, a walk-up-and-use interface, and easy communication make the FLIR T420bx a truly user-friendly camera for the beginner or advanced user.
  • Page 88 Image annotations (in still images) Voice 60 seconds (via Bluetooth) stored with the image Text Add table. Select between predefined templates or create your own in FLIR Tools Image description Add short note (stored in JPEG EXIF tag) #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...
  • Page 89 Technical data Image annotations (in still images) METERLiNK Wireless connection (Bluetooth) to: FLIR meters with METERLiNK Report generation • Instant Report (*.pdf file) in camera including IR and visual images • Separate PC software with extensive report generation Geographic Information System...
  • Page 90 Technical data Composite video Video out Composite Video, standard CVBS (ITU-R-BT.470 PAL/SMPTE 170M NTSC) Video, connector type 4-pole 3.5 mm jack Radio Wi-Fi • Standard: 802.11 b/g • Frequency range: 2412–2462 MHz • Max. output power: 15 dBm METERLiNK/Bluetooth Frequency range: 2402–2480 MHz Antenna Internal Power system...
  • Page 91 • T197408; IR lens, 76 mm (6°) with case and mounting support for T/B-200/400 • T197412; IR lens, 4 mm (90°) with case and mounting support for T/B2xx-4xx • T197000; High temp. option +1200°C/+2192°F for FLIR T/B2xx to T/B4xx and A3xx, A3xxf, A3xxpt, A3xxsc series •...
  • Page 92 • APP-10004; FLIR Tools (MacOS Application) • T198697; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 • T199014; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 • T199044; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 Upgrade • T198696; FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 • T199013; FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 •...

  • Page 93: Flir T430Sc (Incl. Wi-Fi)

    Rev.: 23380 General description The FLIR T430sc is a camera that offers good performance at an affordable price. Excellent ergonom- ics and a walk-up-and-use interface make the FLIR T430sc a truly user-friendly camera for the beginner or advanced user. High accuracy and sensitivity together with radiometric streaming options make the FLIR T430sc well suited for research and development.
  • Page 94 Image annotations (in still images) Voice 60 seconds (via Bluetooth) stored with the image Text Add table. Select between predefined templates or create your own in FLIR Tools Image description Add short note (stored in JPEG EXIF tag) #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...
  • Page 95 Technical data Image annotations (in still images) METERLiNK Wireless connection (Bluetooth) to: FLIR meters with METERLiNK Report generation • Instant Report (*.pdf file) in camera including IR and visual images • Separate PC software with extensive report generation Geographic Information System...
  • Page 96 Technical data Composite video Video out Composite Video, standard CVBS (ITU-R-BT.470 PAL/SMPTE 170M NTSC) Video, connector type 4-pole 3.5 mm jack Radio Wi-Fi • Standard: 802.11 b/g • Frequency range: 2412–2462 MHz • Max. output power: 15 dBm METERLiNK/Bluetooth Frequency range: 2402–2480 MHz Antenna Internal Power system...
  • Page 97 • T197408; IR lens, 76 mm (6°) with case and mounting support for T/B-200/400 • T197412; IR lens, 4 mm (90°) with case and mounting support for T/B2xx-4xx • T197000; High temp. option +1200°C/+2192°F for FLIR T/B2xx to T/B4xx and A3xx, A3xxf, A3xxpt, A3xxsc series •...
  • Page 98 • APP-10004; FLIR Tools (MacOS Application) • T198697; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 • T199014; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 • T199044; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 Upgrade • T198696; FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 • T199013; FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 •...

  • Page 99: Flir T440 (Incl. Wi-Fi)

    Rev.: 22043 General description The FLIR T440 is a camera that offers good performance at an affordable price. Excellent ergonomics, a walk-up-and-use interface, and easy communication make the FLIR T440 a truly user-friendly camera for the beginner or advanced user.
  • Page 100 JPEG file. Time lapse 15 seconds to 24 hours Image annotations (in still images) Voice 60 seconds (via Bluetooth) stored with the image Text Add table. Select between predefined templates or create your own in FLIR Tools #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...
  • Page 101 Add short note (stored in JPEG EXIF tag) Sketch Draw on thermal/digital photo or add predefined stamps METERLiNK Wireless connection (Bluetooth) to: FLIR meters with METERLiNK Report generation • Instant Report (*.pdf file) in camera including IR and visual images •...
  • Page 102 Technical data • USB-A: Connect external USB device • USB Mini-B: Data transfer to and from PC / un- compressed colorized video USB, standard USB Mini-B: 2.0 Composite video Video out Composite Video, standard CVBS (ITU-R-BT.470 PAL/SMPTE 170M NTSC) Video, connector type 4-pole 3.5 mm jack Radio Wi-Fi...
  • Page 103 • T198509; Cigarette lighter adapter kit, 12 VDC, 1.2 m/3.9 ft. • 1910582ACC; Video cable • T198370ACC; Hard transport case for FLIR T/B2xx-4xx • T198495; Pouch for FLIR T6xx and T4xx series • 1124545; Pouch • T198493; Sun shield #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...
  • Page 104 • APP-10004; FLIR Tools (MacOS Application) • T198697; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 • T199014; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 • T199044; FLIR ResearchIR Max + HSDR 4 Upgrade • T198696; FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 • T199013; FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 •...

  • Page 105: Flir T440Bx (Incl. Wi-Fi)

    Rev.: 22043 General description The FLIR T440bx is a camera that offers good performance at an affordable price. Excellent ergonom- ics, a walk-up-and-use interface, and easy communication make the FLIR T440bx a truly user-friendly camera for the beginner or advanced user.
  • Page 106 Reset options, Set up camera, Wi-Fi, Compass, Bluetooth, Language, Time & units, Camera information Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Image storage Standard JPEG, including digital photo and meas- urement data, on memory card Image storage mode •...
  • Page 107 Voice 60 seconds (via Bluetooth) stored with the image Text Add table. Select between predefined templates or create your own in FLIR Tools Image description Add short note (stored in JPEG EXIF tag) Sketch Draw on thermal/digital photo or add predefined...
  • Page 108 Technical data Data communication interfaces Wi-Fi Peer to peer (ad hoc) or infrastructure (network) SD Card One card slot for removable SD memory cards • USB-A: Connect external USB device • USB Mini-B: Data transfer to and from PC / un- compressed colorized video USB, standard USB Mini-B: 2.0...
  • Page 109 • T197408; IR lens, 76 mm (6°) with case and mounting support for T/B-200/400 • T197412; IR lens, 4 mm (90°) with case and mounting support for T/B2xx-4xx • T197000; High temp. option +1200°C/+2192°F for FLIR T/B2xx to T/B4xx and A3xx, A3xxf, A3xxpt, A3xxsc series •...
  • Page 110 • T198509; Cigarette lighter adapter kit, 12 VDC, 1.2 m/3.9 ft. • 1910582ACC; Video cable • T198370ACC; Hard transport case for FLIR T/B2xx-4xx • T198495; Pouch for FLIR T6xx and T4xx series • 1124545; Pouch • T198493; Sun shield • T198499; Neck strap •...

  • Page 111: Flir T450Sc (Incl. Wi-Fi)

    Rev.: 23380 General description The FLIR T450sc is a camera that offers good performance at an affordable price. Excellent ergonom- ics, a walk-up-and-use interface, and easy communication make the FLIR T450sc a truly user-friendly camera for the beginner or advanced user. High accuracy and sensitivity together with radiometric re- cording and streaming options make the FLIR T450sc well suited for research and development.
  • Page 112 Reset options, Set up camera, Wi-Fi, Compass, Bluetooth, Language, Time & units, Camera information Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Image storage Standard JPEG, including digital photo and meas- urement data, on memory card Image storage mode •...
  • Page 113 Voice 60 seconds (via Bluetooth) stored with the image Text Add table. Select between predefined templates or create your own in FLIR Tools Image description Add short note (stored in JPEG EXIF tag) Sketch Draw on thermal/digital photo or add predefined...
  • Page 114 Technical data Data communication interfaces Wi-Fi Peer to peer (ad hoc) or infrastructure (network) SD Card One card slot for removable SD memory cards • USB-A: Connect external USB device • USB Mini-B: Data transfer to and from PC / un- compressed colorized video USB, standard USB Mini-B: 2.0...
  • Page 115 Battery (2 ea.) • Battery charger • Bluetooth headset • Camera lens cap • Calibration certificate • FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 • FLIR Tools download card • User documentation CD-ROM • Printed documentation • Hard transport case • Memory card •...
  • Page 116 • T198509; Cigarette lighter adapter kit, 12 VDC, 1.2 m/3.9 ft. • 1910582ACC; Video cable • T198370ACC; Hard transport case for FLIR T/B2xx-4xx • T198495; Pouch for FLIR T6xx and T4xx series • 1124545; Pouch • T198493; Sun shield • T198499; Neck strap •...

  • Page 117: Flir T460 (Incl. Wi-Fi)

    P/N: 62104-2801 Rev.: 22841 General description The FLIR T460 is a camera that offers good performance at an affordable price. Excellent ergonomics and a walk-up-and-use interface make the FLIR T460 a truly user-friendly camera for the beginner or advanced user.
  • Page 118 Reset options, Set up camera, Wi-Fi, Compass, Bluetooth, Language, Time & units, Camera information Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Image storage Standard JPEG, including digital photo and meas- urement data, on memory card Image storage mode •...
  • Page 119 Voice 60 seconds (via Bluetooth) stored with the image Text Add table. Select between predefined templates or create your own in FLIR Tools Image description Add short note (stored in JPEG EXIF tag) Sketch Draw on thermal/digital photo or add predefined...
  • Page 120 Technical data Data communication interfaces Wi-Fi Peer to peer (ad hoc) or infrastructure (network) SD Card One card slot for removable SD memory cards • USB-A: Connect external USB device • USB Mini-B: Data transfer to and from PC / un- compressed colorized video USB, standard USB Mini-B: 2.0...
  • Page 121 • T197408; IR lens, 76 mm (6°) with case and mounting support for T/B-200/400 • T197412; IR lens, 4 mm (90°) with case and mounting support for T/B2xx-4xx • T197000; High temp. option +1200°C/+2192°F for FLIR T/B2xx to T/B4xx and A3xx, A3xxf, A3xxpt, A3xxsc series •...
  • Page 122 • T198509; Cigarette lighter adapter kit, 12 VDC, 1.2 m/3.9 ft. • 1910582ACC; Video cable • T198370ACC; Hard transport case for FLIR T/B2xx-4xx • T198495; Pouch for FLIR T6xx and T4xx series • 1124545; Pouch • T198493; Sun shield • T198499; Neck strap •...

  • Page 123: Pin Configurations

    Pin configurations 25.1 Pin configuration for USB Mini-B connector 1. +5 V (out) 2. USB – 3. USB + 4. N/C 5. Ground 25.2 Pin configuration for video connector 1. Audio right 2. Ground 3. Video out 4. Audio left #T559879;...

  • Page 124: Pin Configuration For Usb-A Connector

    Pin configurations 25.3 Pin configuration for USB-A connector 1. +5 V (in) 2. USB – 3. USB + 4. Ground 25.4 Pin configuration for power connector 1. +12 V 2. GND 3. GND #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...

  • Page 133: Cleaning The Camera

    Cleaning the camera 28.1 Camera housing, cables, and other items 28.1.1 Liquids Use one of these liquids: • Warm water • A weak detergent solution 28.1.2 Equipment A soft cloth 28.1.3 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Soak the cloth in the liquid. 2.

  • Page 134: Application Examples

    Application examples 29.1 Moisture & water damage 29.1.1 General It is often possible to detect moisture and water damage in a house by using an infrared camera. This is partly because the damaged area has a different heat conduction prop- erty and partly because it has a different thermal capacity to store heat than the sur- rounding material.

  • Page 135: Oxidized Socket

    Application examples 29.3 Oxidized socket 29.3.1 General Depending on the type of socket and the environment in which the socket is installed, ox- ides may occur on the socket's contact surfaces. These oxides can lead to locally in- creased resistance when the socket is loaded, which can be seen in an infrared image as local temperature increase.

  • Page 136: Insulation Deficiencies

    Application examples 29.4 Insulation deficiencies 29.4.1 General Insulation deficiencies may result from insulation losing volume over the course of time and thereby not entirely filling the cavity in a frame wall. An infrared camera allows you to see these insulation deficiencies because they either have a different heat conduction property than sections with correctly installed insulation, and/or show the area where air is penetrating the frame of the building.

  • Page 137: Draft

    Application examples 29.5 Draft 29.5.1 General Draft can be found under baseboards, around door and window casings, and above ceil- ing trim. This type of draft is often possible to see with an infrared camera, as a cooler airstream cools down the surrounding surface. NOTE When you are investigating draft in a house, there should be sub-atmospheric pressure in the house.

  • Page 138: About Flir Systems

    R & D, non-destructive testing, process control and au- tomation, and machine vision, among many others. FLIR Systems has three manufacturing plants in the United States (Portland, OR, Bos- ton, MA, Santa Barbara, CA) and one in Sweden (Stockholm). Since 2007 there is also a manufacturing plant in Tallinn, Estonia.

  • Page 139: More Than Just An Infrared Camera

    10 L (2.6 US gallon) jar with liquid nitrogen. To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment (6 kg/13 lb.) can be seen. RIGHT: FLIR One, which was launched in January 2014, is a slide- on attachment that gives iPhones thermal imaging capabilities.

  • Page 140: A Few Images From Our Facilities

    About FLIR Systems 30.4 A few images from our facilities Figure 30.3 LEFT: Development of system electronics; RIGHT: Testing of an FPA detector Figure 30.4 LEFT: Diamond turning machine; RIGHT: Lens polishing #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...

  • Page 141: Glossary

    Glossary absorption The amount of radiation absorbed by an object relative to the re- (absorption ceived radiation. A number between 0 and 1. factor) atmosphere The gases between the object being measured and the camera, nor- mally air. autoadjust A function making a camera perform an internal image correction. autopalette The IR image is shown with an uneven spread of colors, displaying cold objects as well as hot ones at the same time.
  • Page 142 Glossary image correc- A way of compensating for sensitivity differences in various parts of tion (internal or live images and also of stabilizing the camera. external) infrared Non-visible radiation, having a wavelength from about 2–13 μm. infrared isotherm A function highlighting those parts of an image that fall above, below or between one or more temperature intervals.
  • Page 143 Glossary span The interval of the temperature scale, usually expressed as a signal value. spectral (radi- Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time, area and ant) emittance wavelength (W/m /μm) temperature A value which is the result of a subtraction between two temperature difference, or values.

  • Page 144: Thermographic Measurement Techniques

    Thermographic measurement techniques 32.1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature. However, the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the tempera- ture of the object but is also a function of the emissivity.
  • Page 145 Thermographic measurement techniques 32.2.1.1.1 Method 1: Direct method Follow this procedure: 1. Look for possible reflection sources, considering that the incident angle = reflection angle (a = b). Figure 32.1 1 = Reflection source 2. If the reflection source is a spot source, modify the source by obstructing it using a piece if cardboard.
  • Page 146 Thermographic measurement techniques 3. Measure the radiation intensity (= apparent temperature) from the reflecting source using the following settings: • Emissivity: 1.0 • D You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following two methods: Figure 32.3 1 = Reflection source NOTE Using a thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature is not recommended for two impor- tant reasons:...

  • Page 147: Reflected Apparent Temperature

    50%. 32.6 Other parameters In addition, some cameras and analysis programs from FLIR Systems allow you to com- pensate for the following parameters: • Atmospheric temperature – i.e. the temperature of the atmosphere between the cam- era and the target •...
  • Page 148 Thermographic measurement techniques • External optics transmittance – i.e. the transmission of any external lenses or windows used in front of the camera #T559879; r. AH/23788/24627; en-US...

  • Page 149: History Of Infrared Technology

    History of infrared technology Before the year 1800, the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spec- trum wasn't even suspected. The original significance of the infrared spectrum, or simply ‘the infrared’ as it is often called, as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious to- day than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800.
  • Page 150 History of infrared technology When Herschel revealed his discovery, he referred to this new portion of the electromag- netic spectrum as the ‘thermometrical spectrum’. The radiation itself he sometimes re- ferred to as ‘dark heat’, or simply ‘the invisible rays’. Ironically, and contrary to popular opinion, it wasn't Herschel who originated the term ‘infrared’.
  • Page 151 History of infrared technology Figure 33.4 Samuel P. Langley (1834–1906) The improvement of infrared-detector sensitivity progressed slowly. Another major break- through, made by Langley in 1880, was the invention of the bolometer. This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer re- sponded.

  • Page 152: Theory Of Thermography

    Theory of thermography 34.1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera. In this section the theory behind thermography will be given. 34.2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength regions, called bands, distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation.

  • Page 153: Planck's Law

    Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in tempera- ture reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermographic instruments, such as a FLIR Systems camera for example. If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525°C (977°F), the source begins to be visible so that it appears to the eye no longer black.

  • Page 154: Wien's Displacement Law

    Theory of thermography Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength λ. λb Velocity of light = 3 × 10 Planck’s constant = 6.6 × 10 Joule sec. Boltzmann’s constant = 1.4 × 10 Joule/K. Absolute temperature (K) of a blackbody. λ Wavelength (μm).

  • Page 155: Stefan-Boltzmann's Law

    Theory of thermography Figure 34.5 Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928) The sun (approx. 6 000 K) emits yellow light, peaking at about 0.5 μm in the middle of the visible light spectrum. At room temperature (300 K) the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9.7 μm, in the far infra- red, while at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 K) the maximum of the almost insignif- icant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 μm, in the extreme infrared wavelengths.

  • Page 156: Non-Blackbody Emitters

    Theory of thermography Figure 34.7 Josef Stefan (1835–1893), and Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) Using the Stefan-Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body, at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx. 2 m , we obtain 1 kW.
  • Page 157 Theory of thermography • A selective radiator, for which ε varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff’s law, for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral absorp- tance of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength. That is: From this we obtain, for an opaque material (since α...

  • Page 158: Infrared Semi-Transparent Materials

    Theory of thermography Figure 34.9 Spectral emissivity of three types of radiators. 1: Spectral emissivity; 2: Wavelength; 3: Black- body; 4: Graybody; 5: Selective radiator. 34.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials Consider now a non-metallic, semi-transparent body – let us say, in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material.

  • Page 159: The Measurement Formula

    The measurement formula As already mentioned, when viewing an object, the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself. It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the ob- ject surface. Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path.
  • Page 160 U according to the same equation, and get (Equation 3): Solve Equation 3 for U (Equation 4): This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment. The voltages of the formula are: Table 35.1 Voltages Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature i.e.
  • Page 161 5 volts, the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4.1 volts, provided the calibration algo- rithm is based on radiation physics, like the FLIR Systems algorithm. Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations.
  • Page 162 The measurement formula Figure 35.3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (LW cam- era). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; Obj: Object radiation; Refl: Reflected radiation; Atm: atmos- phere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; T = 20°C (+68°F); T = 20°C (+68°F).

  • Page 163: Emissivity Tables

    Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems. 36.1 References 1. Mikaél A. Bramson: Infrared Radiation, A Handbook for Applications, Plenum press, N.Y. 2. William L. Wolfe, George J. Zissis: The Infrared Handbook, Office of Naval Research, Department of Navy, Washington, D.C.
  • Page 164 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Aluminum anodized, light 0.97 gray, dull Aluminum as received, plate 0.09 Aluminum as received, 0.09...
  • Page 165 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Brass polished 0.03 Brass polished, highly 0.03 0.20 Brass rubbed with 80- grit emery Brass sheet, rolled...
  • Page 166 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Chipboard untreated 0.90 polished 0.10 Chromium Chromium polished 500–1000 0.28–0.38 Clay fired 0.91 Cloth...
  • Page 167 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Granite polished 0.849 Granite rough 0.879 0.95–0.97 Granite rough, 4 different samples 0.77–0.87 Granite...
  • Page 168 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Iron and steel wrought, carefully 40–250 0.28 polished 0.64 Iron galvanized heavily oxidized Iron galvanized heavily oxidized...
  • Page 169 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Lead red 0.93 Lead red, powder 0.93 Leather tanned 0.75–0.80 Lime 0.3–0.4 Magnesium 0.07...
  • Page 170 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Nickel oxide 500–650 0.52–0.59 Oil, lubricating 0.025 mm film 0.27 0.46 Oil, lubricating 0.050 mm film Oil, lubricating...
  • Page 171 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Plaster plasterboard, 0.90 untreated Plaster rough coat 0.91 Plastic glass fibre lami- 0.94 nate (printed circ.
  • Page 172 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Soil saturated with 0.95 water Stainless steel alloy, 8% Ni, 18% 0.35 Stainless steel rolled...
  • Page 173 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Water ice, smooth –10 0.96 Water layer >0.1 mm 0–100 0.95–0.98 thick Water snow...
  • Page 174 A note on the technical production of this publication This publication was produced using XML — the eXtensible Markup Language. For more information about XML, please visit http://www.w3.org/XML/ A note on the typeface used in this publication This publication was typeset using Linotype Helvetica™ World. Helvetica™ was designed by Max Miedinger (1910–1980) LOEF (List Of Effective Files) T501000.xml;...
  • Page 176 Disclaimer Specifications subject to change without further notice. Models and accessories subject to regional market considerations. License procedures may apply. Products described herein may be subject to US Export Regulations. Please refer to exportquestions@flir.com with any questions. Publ. No.: T559879...

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