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3Com LANPLEX 2500 EXTENDEDPLEX®2500 EXTENDED User Manual

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Part No. 801-00343-000
Published November 1996
Revision 02
LAN
PLEX
S
WITCHING
2500 E
®
XTENDED
U
G
SER
UIDE

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Summary of Contents for 3Com LANPLEX 2500 EXTENDEDPLEX®2500 EXTENDED

  • Page 1 2500 E ® PLEX XTENDED ® WITCHING UIDE Part No. 801-00343-000 Published November 1996 Revision 02...

  • Page 2: Revision

    95052-8145 © 3Com Corporation, 1996. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or adaptation) without permission from 3Com Corporation.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    ONTENTS BOUT UIDE Introduction 1 How to Use This Guide 1 Conventions 2 LANplex 2500 Documentation 3 Documentation Comments 5 ETTING TARTED ® E PLEX XTENDED WITCHING EATURES About LANplex Extended Switching 1-1 Using Menus 1-2 Bridge Menu 1-3 IP Menu 1-4 IPX Menu 1-5 Appletalk Menu 1-6 LAN T...
  • Page 4 Modifying the Default VLAN 2-5 How the LANplex® System Makes Flooding Decisions 2-5 VLAN Exception Flooding 2-6 Overlapped IP VLANs 2-7 Routing Between VLANs 2-8 VLAN Examples 2-10 Example 1 2-10 Example 2 2-11 BOUT OUTING ROTOCOLS ® S RIDGING AND OUTING IN THE PLEX YSTEM...
  • Page 5 IP M OUTING WITH ULTICAST About IP Multicast Routing 5-1 IGMP 5-1 DVMRP 5-2 The MBONE 5-2 Multicast Routing Algorithms 5-3 Flooding 5-3 Spanning Trees 5-3 Reverse Path Forwarding 5-4 Pruning 5-5 Multicast Interfaces 5-5 DVMRP Metric Value 5-5 Time-To-Live (TTL) Threshold 5-5 Rate Limit 5-6 Multicast Tunnels 5-6 OUTING WITH...
  • Page 6 ® E OUTING IN AN PPLE NVIRONMENT About AppleTalk® 7-1 AppleTalk® Network Elements 7-1 AppleTalk® Networks 7-2 AppleTalk® Nodes 7-2 Named Entities 7-2 AppleTalk® Zones 7-3 Seed Routers 7-4 AppleTalk Protocols 7-4 Physical Connectivity 7-5 The Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP) 7-6 End-to-End Services 7-6 Transport Layer Protocols 7-6 The Session Layer Protocols 7-9...
  • Page 7 Defining a Static Route 9-11 Removing a Route 9-12 Flushing a Route 9-12 Setting the Default Route 9-12 Removing the Default Route 9-13 Administering the ARP Cache 9-13 Displaying the ARP Cache 9-14 Removing an ARP Cache Entry 9-14 Flushing the ARP Cache 9-15 Administering ATM ARP Servers 9-15 Displaying ATM ARP Servers 9-15 Defining an ATM ARP Server 9-16...
  • Page 8 Displaying Routes 10-8 Displaying the Multicast Cache 10-9 IPX R DMINISTERING OUTING Administering Interfaces 11-2 Displaying IPX Interfaces 11-3 Defining an IPX Interface 11-3 Modifying an Interface 11-4 Removing an Interface 11-4 Administering Routes 11-5 Displaying the Routing Table 11-6 Defining a Static Route 11-6 Removing a Route 11-7 Flushing Routes 11-7...
  • Page 9 EMOTE ONITORING ECHNOLOGY What Is RMON? 13-1 Benefits of RMON 13-2 LANplex RMON Implementation 13-2 3Com Transcend RMON Agents 13-3 Management Information Base (MIB) 13-4 MIB Objects 13-4 Alarms 13-6 Setting Alarm Thresholds 13-7 Example of an Alarm Threshold 13-7...
  • Page 10 Support from 3Com A-4 Returning Products for Repair A-4 NDEX...
  • Page 11 BOUT UIDE Introduction The LANplex® 2500 Extended Switching User Guide provides information about the features included with the LANplex Extended Switching software. These features include IP, IP Multicast, classical IP over ATM, IPX, and AppleTalk routing, virtual LAN (VLAN) configuration, and remote monitoring (RMON).
  • Page 12 How to administer IPX routing Chapter 11 How to administer AppleTalk routing Chapter 12 Remote Monitoring (RMON) Chapter 13 3Com Technical Support Appendix A Conventions Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide. Table 1 Notice Icons Icon...
  • Page 13 LANplex 2500 Documentation Table 2 Text Conventions Convention Description “Enter” “Enter” means type something, then press the [Return] or [Enter] key. “Syntax” vs. “Command” “Syntax” indicates that the general command syntax form is provided. You must evaluate the syntax and supply the appropriate value; for example: Set the date by using the following syntax: mm/DD/yy hh:mm:ss xm “Command”...
  • Page 14 BOUT UIDE LANplex® 2500 Software Release Notes Provide information about the software release, including new features and bug fixes. It also provides information about any changes to the LANplex system’s documentation. (Shipped with system) LANplex® 2500 Getting Started Describes all the procedures necessary for installing, cabling, powering up, configuring management access to, and troubleshooting your LANplex sys- tem.
  • Page 15 Your suggestions are very important to us and will help make our Comments documentation more useful to you. Please email comments about this document to 3Com at: sdtechpubs_comments@3Mail.3Com.com Please include the following information when commenting: Document title Document part number (listed on back cover of document) Page number (if appropriate) LANplex®...
  • Page 16 BOUT UIDE...

  • Page 17: About Lanplex Extended Switching

    PLEX ® XTENDED WITCHING EATURES This chapter provides an overview of the Extended Switching software, and describes the enhanced Administration Console menus. About LANplex The LANplex Extended Switching software replaces your existing LANplex Extended software and adds new functionality to your system. Extended Switching Switching software contains all the features of LANplex Intelligent Switching software, in addition to:...

  • Page 18: Using Menus

    1: LAN ® E HAPTER PLEX XTENDED WITCHING EATURES Using Menus When you gain access to the Administration Console, the top-level menu appears. The Extended Switching software contains top-level menus and additions to the Bridge and IP menu options not available with Intelligent Switching software: Option Descriptions Menu options:...

  • Page 19: Bridge Menu

    Using Menus Bridge Menu From the bridge menu, you can view information about and configure Ethernet LANs, including VLANs. Figure 1-1 shows the bridge menu. Top-Level Menu bridge menu interface menu system display summary ethernet mode detail fddi ipFragmentation define ipxSnapTranslation modify addressThreshold...
  • Page 20 1: LAN ® E HAPTER PLEX XTENDED WITCHING EATURES IP Menu From the ip menu, you can view information about and configure Internet Protocol (IP) interfaces and routes as well as IP Multicast routing. You can administer the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), UDP Helper, IP Forwarding, and ping IP stations.

  • Page 21: Ipx Menu

    Using Menus IPX Menu From the ipx menu, you can view information about and configure Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) interfaces, routes, and servers. You can also administer the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Enhanced RIP mode, Service Advertising Protocol (SAP), and statistics. Figure 1-3 shows the IPX menu.

  • Page 22: Appletalk Menu

    1: LAN ® E HAPTER PLEX XTENDED WITCHING EATURES Appletalk Menu From the appletalk menu, you can view information about and configure Appletalk interfaces, routes, and zones. You can also administer the Appletalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP), AppleTalk forwarding, and statistics.

  • Page 23: About Vlans

    VLAN S ON THE ® PLEX YSTEM This chapter contains: A description of Virtual LAN (VLAN) concepts and their operational aspects in the LANplex® 2500 system Examples of VLAN configurations About VLANs The VLAN concept in LAN technology helps minimize broadcast and multicast traffic.

  • Page 24: Mac Address Group Vlans

    2: VLAN ® S HAPTER S ON THE PLEX YSTEM the data contained in the frames. Port groups are useful when traffic patterns are known to be directly associated with particular ports. They can benefit the user by restricting traffic based on a set of simple rules. MAC Address Group VLANS VLANs allow a switch to make filtering decisions based on grouping MAC addresses together.

  • Page 25: Lanplex Protocol-Sensitive Vlan Configuration

    About VLANs layer 3 subnet address information. Protocol-sensitive VLANs allow the restriction of flood traffic for both routable and nonroutable protocols. They have a relatively simple configuration comprising one or more protocols and groups of switch ports. These protocol-sensitive VLANs operate independent of each other.

  • Page 26: Switch Ports

    2: VLAN ® S HAPTER S ON THE PLEX YSTEM Table 2-1 Supported Protocols for VLAN Configuration (continued) Protocol Suite Protocol Types X.25 Layer 3 (Ethertype) NetBIOS™ NetBIOS (DSAP) Default Default (all protocol types) Switch Ports A group of switch ports is any combination of switch ports on the LANplex system.

  • Page 27: Default Vlan

    About VLANs Default VLAN When you start up the LANplex system, the system automatically creates a VLAN interface called the default VLAN. Initially, the default VLAN includes all of the switch ports in the system. In the LANplex system, the default VLAN serves to define: The flood domain for protocols not supported by any VLAN in the system The flood domain for protocols supported by a VLAN in the system but...

  • Page 28: Vlan Exception Flooding

    2: VLAN ® S HAPTER S ON THE PLEX YSTEM This example shows how flooding decisions are made according to VLANs set up by protocol (assuming an 18-port switch): Index VLAN Ports Default 1 - 18 1 - 12 11 - 16 Data received on...
  • Page 29 About VLANs Data received on... Is flooded on... Because... XNS - port 1 VLAN 1 XNS data does not match any defined VLAN in the system. IP - port 2 VLAN 2 IP data received matches IP VLAN 2 for source ports 1 - 10.

  • Page 30: Routing Between Vlans

    2: VLAN ® S HAPTER S ON THE PLEX YSTEM Data received on... Is flooded on... Because... IP subnet VLAN 2 IP network layer matches layer 3 address for 158.103.122.2 VLAN 2. on port 6 IP subnet VLAN 3 IP network layer matches layer 3 address for 158.103.123.2 VLAN 3.
  • Page 31 About VLANs If layer 3 information is provided in the IP VLAN for which you are configuring an IP interface, the subnet portion of both addresses must be compatible. For example: IP VLAN subnet 157.103.54.0 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 IP host interface address 157.103.54.254 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 Layer 2 (bridging) communication is still possible within an IP VLAN (or...

  • Page 32: Vlan Examples

    2-10 2: VLAN ® S HAPTER S ON THE PLEX YSTEM VLAN Examples Example 1 Figure 2-1 is an example of a simple configuration that contains three protocol-sensitive VLANs (2 IP and 1 IPX) that share a high-speed FDDI link. The end-stations and servers are on 10Mbps ports with traffic segregated by protocol.

  • Page 33: Example 2

    About VLANs 2-11 Example 2 Figure 2-2 is an example of a configuration that contains two different protocol-sensitive VLANs (IP and IPX) with servers on separate high-speed 100BASE-T ports. The end-station clients share the same switch ports, yet the IP and IPX traffic stays separate. See Figure 2-2. = VLAN 1 (IP) IP Server VLAN #1...
  • Page 34 2-12 2: VLAN ® S HAPTER S ON THE PLEX YSTEM...

  • Page 35: What Is Routing?

    RIDGING AND OUTING IN THE ® PLEX YSTEM This chapter shows how the LANplex® system operates in a subnetworked routing environment and describes the LANplex routing methodology — specifically, how the LANplex bridging and routing model compares with traditional models. What Is Routing? Routing is the process of distributing packets over potentially dissimilar networks.

  • Page 36: Lanplex In A Subnetworked Environment

    3: B ® S HAPTER RIDGING AND OUTING IN THE PLEX YSTEM Connecting Connecting enterprise subnets to the Router networks enterprise FDDI Backbone Marketing Sales Router Router Engineering Router Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Figure 3-1 Traditional Architecture of a Routed Network LANplex in a The LANplex system allows you to fit Ethernet switching capability into Subnetworked...
  • Page 37 What Is Routing? Integrating The LANplex system integrates bridging and routing. Multiple switch Bridging and ports can be assigned to each subnet. See Figure 3-3. Traffic between Routing ports assigned to the same subnet is switched transparently using transparent bridging or Express switching (described in the LANplex® 2500 Operation Guide).

  • Page 38: Bridging And Routing Models

    3: B ® S HAPTER RIDGING AND OUTING IN THE PLEX YSTEM In the traditional model, if you want to increase the level of segmentation in your network, you must create additional subnets and assign new network addresses to your existing hosts. Bridging and The way routing is implemented in the LANplex system differs from Routing Models...
  • Page 39 Bridging and Routing Models Router Bridge Router vs. Bridge ? Interfaces (ports) Networks Transmitting host Destination host Figure 3-4 Bridging in the Traditional Bridging and Routing Model In the traditional bridging and routing model, a packet is routed as follows (see Figure 3-5): 1 The packet enters the bridge or router.

  • Page 40: Lanplex Bridging And Routing Model

    3: B ® S HAPTER RIDGING AND OUTING IN THE PLEX YSTEM LANplex Bridging The LANplex 2500 system uses the destination MAC address to and Routing Model determine whether it will bridge or route a packet. Before a host system sends a packet to another host, it compares its own network address to the network address of the other host as follows: If network addresses are on the same subnet, the packet is bridged...
  • Page 41 Bridging and Routing Models In the LANplex bridging and routing model, a packet is routed as follows (see Figure 3-7): 1 The packet enters the LANplex system. 2 The packet’s destination address is examined by the bridging layer. 3 The destination address corresponds to the address of one of the system ports configured for routing (as opposed to a learned end-station address).
  • Page 42 3: B ® S HAPTER RIDGING AND OUTING IN THE PLEX YSTEM...

  • Page 43: Ip Routing And The Osi Model

    IP T OUTING WITH ECHNOLOGY This chapter gives an overview of IP routing technology, specifically defining: What IP routing involves What elements are necessary for IP routers to effectively transmit packets How IP routing transmission errors are detected and resolved Routing with classical IP over ATM IP Routing and An IP router, unlike a bridge, operates at the network layer of the OSI...

  • Page 44: Elements Of Ip Routing

    4: R IP T HAPTER OUTING WITH ECHNOLOGY When an IP router sends a packet, it does not know the complete path to a destination — only the next hop. Each hop involves three steps: The IP routing algorithm computes the next hop IP address, and next router interface, using the routing table entries.

  • Page 45: Address Classes

    Elements of IP Routing Address Classes The boundary of the network part and the host part depends on the class that the central agency assigns to your network. The primary classes of IP addresses are Class A, Class B, and Class C. Class A addresses —...

  • Page 46: Router Interfaces

    4: R IP T HAPTER OUTING WITH ECHNOLOGY Take the IP address IP Address Network Subnet and Host Apply the subnet mask Subnet Mask 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Result = subnet/host boundary networ Subnet...

  • Page 47: Routing Table

    Elements of IP Routing Network 2 Network 1 Interfaces 158.101.2.1 158.101.1.2 158.101.2.2 Router Interface 1 IP Address 158.101.3.1 158.101.3.2 158.101.1.1 Interface Network 3 Figure 4-4 Router Interfaces in the LANplex System Routing Table A routing table allows a router or host to determine how to send a packet toward the packet’s ultimate destination.

  • Page 48: Static Routes

    4: R IP T HAPTER OUTING WITH ECHNOLOGY Routing Table Subnet Mask Destination IP Address Metric Gateway Interface 255.255.255.0 158.101.1.1 158.101.1.2 255.255.255.0 158.101.2.1 158.101.2.2 255.255.255.0 158.101.3.1 158.101.3.2 default route 255.255.255.0 158.101.1.2 Figure 4-5 Example of a Routing Table in the LANplex Routing Model Routing table information is generated and updated in either of the following ways: Statically —...

  • Page 49: Default Route

    Elements of IP Routing An active router sends a RIP message every 30 seconds. This message contains both the IP address and a metric (the distance to the destination from that router) for each destination. In RIP, each router that a packet must travel through to reach a destination equals one hop.
  • Page 50 4: R IP T HAPTER OUTING WITH ECHNOLOGY protocol. The two key elements of the ARP request are the target and source addresses for both the hardware (MAC addresses) and the protocol (IP addresses). See Figure 4-7. ARP Request 00802322b00ad Source hardware address 158.101.2.1 Source protocol address...

  • Page 51: Ip Routing Transmission Errors

    IP Routing Transmission Errors IP Routing Because each router only knows about the next hop, it is not aware of Transmission problems that might be further “down the road” toward the destination. Errors Destinations can be unreachable if: Hardware is temporarily out of service You inadvertently specified a nonexistent destination address The router does not have a route to the destination network To help routers and hosts know of problems in packet transmission, an...

  • Page 52: Routing With Classical Ip Over Atm

    4-10 4: R IP T HAPTER OUTING WITH ECHNOLOGY Routing with LANPlex Extended Switching software supports classical IP routing over ATM Classical IP over ARP in an ATM network. Classical IP over ATM uses Logical IP Subnets (LISs) to forward packets within the network environment. See the LANplex®...

  • Page 53: Forwarding To Nodes Within An Lis

    IP Routing References 4-11 Forwarding to Nodes within an LIS Nodes can forward packets directly to other nodes in the same LIS. To forward a packet within the same LIS, the sending node requests a translation from the destination IP address to the corresponding ATM address from the ATM ARP server.
  • Page 54 4-12 4: R IP T HAPTER OUTING WITH ECHNOLOGY...

  • Page 55: About Ip Multicast Routing

    IP M OUTING WITH ULTICAST This chapter describes the IP multicast routing implementation on the LANplex® system. About IP IP multicast routing is an extension of the Internet Protocol. Multicast Multicast Routing routing allows a router or switch to send packets to a specific group of hosts without using broadcasts or multiple unicast transmissions.

  • Page 56: Dvmrp

    5: R IP M HAPTER OUTING WITH ULTICAST DVMRP The Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) establishes the multicast delivery path over a series of routing devices. DVMRP is a simple distance vector routing protocol, similar to the IP Routing Information Protocol (RIP).

  • Page 57: Multicast Routing Algorithms

    Multicast Routing Algorithms Multicast Routing The LANplex system uses three algorithms that support multicast Algorithms routing: Flooding Spanning Trees Reverse Path Forwarding Flooding Several types of flooding algorithms exist, but they all share the same general principles: a node in the network receives a packet that was sent to a multicast destination.

  • Page 58: Reverse Path Forwarding

    5: R IP M HAPTER OUTING WITH ULTICAST Figure 5-1 shows a simple network with five links. Figure 5-1 Simple Network Implemented Without Using Spanning Tree A spanning tree for this network consists of links 1, 2, 3, and 4. See Figure 5-2.

  • Page 59: Pruning

    Multicast Interfaces Pruning Pruning is a method used in the RPF algorithm to forward packets to a spanning tree only if group members exist in the tree. This method results in fewer spanning trees, but it requires dynamic updates to the routing table.

  • Page 60: Rate Limit

    5: R IP M HAPTER OUTING WITH ULTICAST Rate Limit The rate limit determines how many multicast packets can travel over the interface in kilobytes-per-second. The LANplex system drops multicast traffic that travels faster than this rate. The default is set to 0, which implies no rate limit is set.

  • Page 61: Ipx Routing In The Netware® Environment

    OUTING WITH This chapter provides an overview of IPX routing, including: What part IPX plays in the NetWare environment How IPX works What elements are necessary for IPX routers to transmit packets effectively IPX Routing in The NetWare® network operating system was developed and introduced to the NetWare ®...

  • Page 62: Internet Packet Exchange (Ipx)

    6: R HAPTER OUTING WITH Layers in the NetWare OSI reference model Application NetWare® Service Routing Appplications Control Information Advertising Protocol Protocol Protocol (NCP) (SAP) (RIP) Presentation NetWare® Shell (Client) Session NetBIOS™ Transport Network Data Link Media Access Protocols (Ethernet, FDDI) Physical Figure 6-1 NetWare Protocols and the OSI Reference Model The LANplex system uses the following protocols for routing in a Netware...
  • Page 63 IPX Routing in the NetWare® Environment Routing RIP allows the exchange of routing information on a NetWare network. IPX Information routers use RIP to dynamically create and maintain their routing tables. Protocol (RIP) RIP allows one router to exchange routing information with a neighboring router.

  • Page 64: How Ipx Routing Works

    6: R HAPTER OUTING WITH How IPX Routing A router operates at the network layer of the OSI Reference Model. This Works means that it receives its instructions to route packets from one segment to another from a network-layer protocol. IPX, with the help of RIP, performs these network layer tasks.
  • Page 65 How IPX Routing Works The packet format consists of the following elements: Checksum — The IPX packet begins with a 16-bit checksum field that is set to 1s. Packet Length — This 16-bit field contains the length, in bytes, of the complete network packet.

  • Page 66: Ipx Packet Delivery

    6: R HAPTER OUTING WITH IPX Packet Delivery On a NetWare network, the successful delivery of a packet depends both on the proper addressing of the packet and on the internetwork configuration. Packet addressing is handled in the packet’s Media Access Control (MAC) protocol header and IPX header address fields.

  • Page 67: Router's Responsibility

    How IPX Routing Works To find this router, the sending node broadcasts a RIP packet requesting the best route to the destination node’s network number. The router residing on the sending node’s segment with the shortest path to the destination segment responds to the RIP request.

  • Page 68: Ipx Routing

    6: R HAPTER OUTING WITH The Elements of IPX routers use the following elements to transmit packets over an IPX Routing intranetwork: Router interfaces Routing tables Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) Router Interfaces A router interface is the connection between the router and the network number (address).

  • Page 69: Generating Routing Table Information

    The Elements of IPX Routing Hops to Network — Provides the number of routers that must be crossed to reach the network segment. Ticks to Network — Provides an estimate of the time necessary to reach the destination segment. Node — The node address of the router that can forward packets to each segment.

  • Page 70: Selecting The Best Route

    6-10 6: R HAPTER OUTING WITH system uses RIP (one of the most widely used IGPs), to dynamically build its routing tables. RIP operates in terms of active and passive devices. The active devices, usually routers, broadcast their RIP messages to all devices in a network; they update their own routing tables when they receive a RIP message.

  • Page 71: Sap Packet Structure

    The Elements of IPX Routing 6-11 A workstation must first know a server’s network address before it can initiate a session with a file server. SAP Packet Structure SAP uses IPX and the medium-access protocols for its transport. The packet structure allows the following functions: A workstation request for the name and address of the nearest server of a certain type...
  • Page 72 6-12 6: R HAPTER OUTING WITH A SAP packet consists of the following fields: Operation — This field indicates the type of operation the SAP packet performs. It can be set to one of the following values: 1=Request 2=Response 3=Get Nearest Server Request 4=Get Nearest Server Response Server Entry —...

  • Page 73: Server Information Table

    The Elements of IPX Routing 6-13 The SAP broadcasts that servers and routers send are local and, therefore, only received by SAP agents on their connected segments. However, SAP agents periodically broadcast their server information so that all SAP agents on the internetwork have information about all servers that are active on the internetwork.

  • Page 74: Server Information Maintenance

    6-14 6: R HAPTER OUTING WITH Static Servers. A static server is one you manually configure in the server information table. Static servers are useful in environments where no routing protocol is used or where you want to override some of the servers generated with a routing/server protocol.
  • Page 75 The Elements of IPX Routing 6-15 elapsed since information was received concerning a particular table entry. Since this information is either new or changed, the SAP agent that receives this information immediately passes it on, and the change is quickly learned throughout the internetwork.
  • Page 76 6-16 6: R HAPTER OUTING WITH...

  • Page 77: About Appletalk®

    ® OUTING IN AN PPLE NVIRONMENT This chapter provides an overview of AppleTalk® routing, and includes these topics: AppleTalk Network Elements AppleTalk Protocols About AARP About AppleTalk® AppleTalk is a suite of protocols defined by Apple Computer, Inc., for connecting computers, peripherals devices, and other equipment on a network.

  • Page 78: Appletalk® Networks

    Two AppleTalk network numbering systems are currently in use: nonextended (Phase 1) and extended (Phase 2). 3Com routers support extended network numbers. While the LANplex system will not translate Phase 1 packets to Phase 2 packets, it will route packets to a Phase 1 network.

  • Page 79: Appletalk® Zones

    AppleTalk® Network Elements AppleTalk® Zones An AppleTalk zone is a logical collection of nodes on an AppleTalk internet. A zone can include all nodes in a single network or a collection of nodes in different networks. You assign a unique name to each zone to identify it in the internet.

  • Page 80: Seed Routers

    7: R ® E HAPTER OUTING IN AN PPLE NVIRONMENT quickly within the zone because the zone includes fewer devices than the entire internet does. Seed Routers A seed router initializes the internet with AppleTalk configuration information, including network numbers and zone names. The seed router broadcasts this information so that nonseed routers can learn it.
  • Page 81 AppleTalk Protocols OSI Reference Model Application ® AppleTalk PostScript ® Filing Protocol (AFP) Presentation AppleTalk AppleTalk Zone Information Printer Access Session Data Stream Session Protocol (ZIP) Protocoo (PAP) Protocol (ADSP) Protocol (ASP) Routing Table AppleTalk Name Binding AppleTalk Echo Transport Maintenance Transaction Protocol (NBP)

  • Page 82: The Datagram Delivery Protocol (Ddp)

    7: R ® E HAPTER OUTING IN AN PPLE NVIRONMENT because it is closely related to the Ethernet and token ring LAPs. This protocol is usually included in the definition of each LAP, so it does not appear in the reference model. See the section “About AARP” later in this chapter for more information about this protocol.
  • Page 83 AppleTalk Protocols Each router builds a routing table that is the basis of dynamic routing operations in an AppleTalk internet. Every 10 seconds, each router sends an RTMP data packet to the network. Routers use the information that they receive in the RTMP broadcasts to build their routing tables. Each entry in the routing table contains these items: The network range The distance in hops to the destination network...
  • Page 84 7: R ® E HAPTER OUTING IN AN PPLE NVIRONMENT Network 5-5 Router 802 Network 64-64 Router 801 Router 36 Network 18-20 Interface 2 Router 200 Router 24 Interface 1 Network 12-12 Interface 3 Network 103-103 Figure 7-3 A Simple AppleTalk Network Table 7-1 The Routing Table for Router 24 in Figure 7-3 Network Range Distance...

  • Page 85: The Session Layer Protocols

    AppleTalk Protocols AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP). This protocol, along with the AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol (ADSP), ensures that DDP packets are delivered to a destination without any losses or corruption. Name Binding Protocol (NBP). This protocol translates alphanumeric entity names to AppleTalk addresses. It maintains a table that references the addresses of nodes and named entities that reside in that node.

  • Page 86: Presentation Layer

    7-10 7: R ® E HAPTER OUTING IN AN PPLE NVIRONMENT AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol (ADSP). The ADSP works with the ATP to ensure reliable data transmission. Unlike ATP, however, ADSP provides full-duplex byte-stream delivery. This means that two nodes can communicate simultaneously.
  • Page 87 About AARP 7-11 The AARP maintains an Address Mapping Table (AMT) with the most recently used hardware addresses and their corresponding AARP addresses. If an address is not in this table, AARP sends a request to the protocol address and adds the hardware address to the table when the destination node replies.
  • Page 88 7-12 7: R ® E HAPTER OUTING IN AN PPLE NVIRONMENT...

  • Page 89: Displaying Vlan Information

    VLAN DMINISTERING This chapter describes how to display information about VLANs and how to configure VLANs. Through the Administration Console, you can: Display summary or detailed information on VLANs Define or modify a VLAN definition Delete a VLAN definition Displaying VLAN You can display a summary of VLAN information or a detailed report.
  • Page 90 8: A VLAN HAPTER DMINISTERING Index Name Layer 3 none eastgroup 158.101.111.16 255.255.255.0 westgroup none northgroup 158.101.112.14 255.255.255.0 Example of a detailed display for the VLANs: Select menu option (bridge/vlan): detail Index Protocol Identifier Ports default 1-17 1, 5-7 8-10 7, 12-15 Index Name...

  • Page 91: Defining Vlan Information

    Defining VLAN Information Table 8-1 Fields for VLAN Information (continued) Description Field inPackets Number of flooded broadcast and multicast packets that were received on the VLAN inBytes Number of flooded broadcast and multicast bytes that were received on the VLAN outPackets Number of flooded broadcast and multicast packets transmitted over the VLAN...

  • Page 92: Modifying Vlan Information

    8: A VLAN HAPTER DMINISTERING Example: define Select menu option (bridge/vlan): Enter Protocol Suite (IP,IPX,AppleTalk,XNS,DECnet,SNA,Banyan,X.25,NetBIOS,NeBEUI, default): Enter VLAN Identifier: Enter VLAN Name: “SD Marketing” Ports 1=FDDI, 2-17=Ethernet Enter port(s) (1-17|all): defined Layer 3 Address (undefined, defined): Enter IP Subnet Address: 158.111.122.0 Enter subnet mask [255.255.0.0] 255.255.255.0...

  • Page 93: Removing Vlan Information

    Removing VLAN Information Example: modify Select menu option (bridge/vlan): Select VLAN interface [1-2]: Protocol Suite (IP,IPX,AppleTalk,XNS,DECnet,SNA, Banyan,X.25,NetBIOS,NetBEUI,default) [AppleTalk]: VLAN Identifier [1]: VLAN Name [Sales]: Ports 1=FDDI, 2-17=Ethernet Enter port(s) (1-17|all) [1-5]: Layer 3 Address (undefined,defined) [undefined]: Removing VLAN Follow these steps to remove a VLAN definition: Information 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: Top-Level Menu...
  • Page 94 8: A VLAN HAPTER DMINISTERING...

  • Page 95: Routing Information Protocol (Rip)

    IP R DMINISTERING OUTING This chapter describes how to set up your LANplex® system to use the Internet Protocol (IP). For more information about how IP works, see Part III of this guide. You can display or configure the following IP characteristics on your LANplex system: IP interfaces Routes...

  • Page 96: Network

    9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING LIS Interfaces A logical IP subnet (LIS) interface supports logical IP over ATM. You define LIS interfaces for the ports on ATM modules only. See the Chapter 11 of the LANplex® 2500 Operation Guide for more information about the ATM protocol.

  • Page 97: Interface

    Administering interfaces this option, the system displays a list of available VLAN indexes and the bridge ports associated with them. LIS Interface — When you select LIS as the interface type, the Administration Console prompts you for LIS interface information. The information you enter depends on whether you define permanent virtual circuits (PVCs), switched virtual circuits (SVCs), or both on the LIS interface.

  • Page 98: Defining An Ip Lis Interface

    9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Example summary display: IP routing is enabled, RIP is active, ICMP discovery is disabled. Index Type IP address Subnet mask Cost State VLAN Index 1 VLAN 158.101.1.1 255.255.255.0 Down Index Type IP address Subnet mask Cost State Port...
  • Page 99 Administering interfaces The Console prompts you for the interface’s parameters. To use the value in brackets, press [Return] at the prompt. 2 Enter the IP address of the interface. 3 Enter the subnet mask of the network to which the interface is to be connected.

  • Page 100: Defining An Ip Vlan Interface

    9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Defining an IP When you define an IP VLAN interface, you specify several interface VLAN Interface characteristics, as well as the index of the VLAN associated with the interface. You must first define a VLAN, as described in Chapter 8, Administering VLANs, before you define an associated IP VLAN interface.

  • Page 101: Interface

    Administering interfaces Modifying an You might want to change the configuration of an interface you have Interface already defined. You can add one or more advertisement addresses or PVCs to an interface through the commands as well as through addAdvertisement addPVC the IP interface command.

  • Page 102: Example

    9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Adding an This command adds an advertisement address to the advertisement Advertisement address list associated with the interface. Address To add an advertisement address: Top-Level Menu 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: system ethernet interface...

  • Page 103: Adding A Permanent Virtual Circuit (Pvc)

    Administering Routes Adding a Permanent This command adds a PVC to an LIS interface. Virtual Circuit (PVC) To add a PVC: Top-Level Menu 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: system ethernet ip interface addPvc interface fddi route summary detail...
  • Page 104 9-10 9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING more than one routing table entry matching an address, it uses the most specific route, which is the route with the most bits set in its subnet mask. For example, the route to a subnet within a destination network is more specific than the route to the destination network.

  • Page 105: Displaying The Routing Table

    Administering Routes 9-11 Displaying the You can display a switching module’s routing table to determine which Routing Table routes are configured and whether the routes are operational. Top-Level Menu To display the contents of the routing table, enter the following command system string from the top level of the Administration Console: interface...

  • Page 106: Removing A Route

    9-12 9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Example: 158.101.4.0 Enter destination IP address: Enter subnet mask [255.255.0.0]: 255.255.255.0 158.101.2.8 Enter gateway IP address: Removing a Route To remove a route: Top-Level Menu 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: system interface ethernet...

  • Page 107: Removing The Default Route

    Administering the ARP Cache 9-13 To statically configure the default route: Top-Level Menu system 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: ethernet interface fddi display route static ip route default remove bridge atmArpServer flush multicast 2 Enter the gateway IP address of the route. default udpHelper noDefault...

  • Page 108: Displaying The Arp Cache

    9-14 9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Displaying the ARP You can display the contents of the ARP cache for your system. Cache To display the contents of the ARP cache, enter the following command Top-Level Menu string from the top level of the Administration Console: system ethernet interface...

  • Page 109: Flushing The Arp Cache

    Administering ATM ARP Servers 9-15 Flushing the ARP You might want to delete all entries from the ARP cache if the MAC address Cache has changed. Top-Level Menu system interface To remove all entries from the ARP cache, from the top level of the ethernet route fddi...

  • Page 110: Enter Ip Address: 158.101.20.30

    Determine the location of the ATM ARP server you want to use. You can ARP Server define the ATM ARP server externally on another LANplex system or on an ATM switch, such as 3Com’s CELLplex™ 7000 system. Top-Level Menu system 1 To define an ATM ARP server, from the top level of the Administration...

  • Page 111: Displaying The Atm Arp Cache

    Administering ATM ARP Servers 9-17 Displaying the ATM To display the contents of the ATM ARP cache, from the top level of the ARP Cache Administration Console, enter: Top-Level Menu ip atmArpServer arp display system ethernet interface fddi route display define bridge remove...

  • Page 112: Flushing The Atm Arp Cache

    9-18 9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Flushing the ATM To remove all entries from the ATM ARP cache, from the top level of the ARP Cache Administration Console, enter: Top-Level Menu ip atmarpserver arp flush system ethernet interface The ATM ARP cache entries are immediately removed from the table.

  • Page 113: Displaying Udp Helper Information

    Administering UDP Helper 9-19 Displaying UDP You can display the hop count and threshold configuration and list the Helper Information ports with their IP forwarding addresses that are defined for your LANplex system. Top-Level Menu To display UDP Helper information, enter the following command string system from the top level of the Administration Console: ethernet...

  • Page 114: Setting The Bootp Hop Count Limit

    9-20 9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Setting the BOOTP You can set the maximum hop count for a packet to be forwarded through Hop Count Limit the router. The range is 0 through 16. The default is 4. Top-Level Menu To set the hop count limit: system...

  • Page 115: Enabling And Disabling Icmp Router Discovery

    Enabling and Disabling ICMP Router Discovery 9-21 Enabling and The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Router Discovery protocol Disabling ICMP (RFC 1256) allows an appropriately configured end station to locate one or Router Discovery more routers on the LAN to which it is attached. The end station then automatically installs a default route to each of the routers running ICMP Router Discovery.

  • Page 116: Pinging An Ip Station

    9-22 9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING By default, RIP operates in passive mode. RIP default mode To set the RIP operating mode: Top-Level Menu 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: system interface ethernet ip rip route fddi atmArpServer...

  • Page 117: Displaying Ip Statistics

    Displaying IP Statistics 9-23 Displaying IP To display IP statistics, enter the following from the top level of the Statistics Administration Console: ip statistics Top-Level Menu system interface ethernet Example: route fddi atmArpServer bridge IP routing is enabled, RIP is active, ICMP router discovery is multicast disabled.
  • Page 118 9-24 9: A IP R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING...
  • Page 119 DMINISTERING IP M ULTICAST OUTING This chapter describes how to set up your LANplex® system to use IP multicast routing. You should have previously defined IP interfaces and routes as described in Chapter 9: Administering IP Routing, before you define any IP multicast interfaces. This appendix includes information on how to display or configure the following parameters: Enabling and disabling the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol...

  • Page 120: Enabling And Disabling Dvmrp

    10-2 10: A IP M HAPTER DMINISTERING ULTICAST OUTING Enabling and DVMRP is the simple Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol, similar to Disabling DVMRP the IP Routing Information Protocol. Multicast routers exchange distance vector updates that contain lists of destinations and the distance in hops to each destination.

  • Page 121: Administering Ip Multicast Interfaces

    Administering IP Multicast Interfaces 10-3 When you select the IGMP option, the interface prompts you to enable or Top-Level Menu system disable IGMP snooping mode and IGMP query mode. Both are enabled by ethernet interface dvrmp default. Under most conditions, IGMP snooping mode and IGMP query fddi route igmp...

  • Page 122: Displaying Multicast Interfaces

    10-4 10: A IP M HAPTER DMINISTERING ULTICAST OUTING Rate Limit The rate limit determines how fast multicast traffic can travel over the interface in kilobytes per second. Multicast traffic may not exceed this rate limit or the LANplex system will drop packets in order to maintain the set rate.

  • Page 123: Disabling Multicast Interfaces

    Administering IP Multicast Interfaces 10-5 Disabling Multicast To disable multicast routing on an interface: Interfaces 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: Top-Level Menu system ip multicast interface disable interface ethernet route dvmrp fddi display igmp 2 Enter the index number of the interface you want to disable. enable atmArpServer bridge...

  • Page 124: Administering Multicast Tunnels

    10-6 10: A IP M HAPTER DMINISTERING ULTICAST OUTING Administering A multicast tunnel allows multicast packets to cross several unicast routers Multicast Tunnels to a destination router that supports multicast. A tunnel has two end points. The local end point is associated with an interface on the LANplex router. When you define the tunnel, you specify the associated index on the local LANplex router and then the characteristics of the tunnel.

  • Page 125: Defining A Multicast Tunnel

    Administering Multicast Tunnels 10-7 Defining a To define an IP multicast tunnel: Multicast Tunnel 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: Top-Level Menu system interface ethernet ip multicast tunnel define route dvmrp fddi igmp display atmArpServer interface define 2 Enter the index number(s) of the interface(s) with which you want to bridge...

  • Page 126: Displaying Routes

    10-8 10: A IP M HAPTER DMINISTERING ULTICAST OUTING Displaying Routes To display all available routes in the IP multicast routing table: 1 From top level of the Administration Console, enter: Top-Level Menu system ip multicast routeDisplay ethernet interface fddi route dvmrp The DVMRP status and IGMP status appear on the screen.

  • Page 127: Displaying The Multicast Cache

    Displaying the Multicast Cache 10-9 Table 10-1 Field Attributes for Multicast route display Field Description Origin-Subnet The source address and the number of bits in the subnetwork From-Gateway The interface address of the gateway Metric The hop count The amount of time, in seconds, since the routing table entry was last reset In-If Interface number on which that gateway is connected.
  • Page 128 10-10 10: A IP M HAPTER DMINISTERING ULTICAST OUTING Example: Enter multicast source address [131.188.0.0] Enter multicast group address [244.2.0.2] DVMRP is enabled, IGMP snooping is enabled The following display shows the multicast cache configuration: Multicast Routing Cache Table (125 entries) Origin Mcast-group CTmr...
  • Page 129 Displaying the Multicast Cache 10-11 Table 10-2 describes the fields in the cache display. Table 10-2 Information in the cache display Field Description Origin The source of the incoming packets. Entries preceded by an angle bracket (>) indicate a multicast subnetwork. Entries without an angle bracket, beneath the subnetwork entries, are multicast routers within that subnetwork.
  • Page 130 10-12 10: A IP M HAPTER DMINISTERING ULTICAST OUTING...

  • Page 131: Service Advertising Protocol (Sap)

    IPX R DMINISTERING OUTING This chapter describes how to set up your LANplex® system to use the Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol to route packets. For more information about how IPX works, see Part III of this Guide. You can display and configure the following on your LANplex system: IPX interfaces Routes Servers...

  • Page 132: Administering Interfaces

    11-2 11: A IPX R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Administering An IPX interface defines the relationship between an IPX Virtual LAN Interfaces (VLAN) and the IPX network. Every IPX interface has one IPX VLAN associated with it. Each switching module has one IPX interface defined for each subnet directly connected to it.

  • Page 133: Displaying Ipx Interfaces

    Administering Interfaces 11-3 Displaying IPX You can display a table that shows all IPX interfaces and their parameter Interfaces settings configured for the system. To display IPX interface information: Top-Level Menu From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: system ethernet interface ipx interface display fddi...

  • Page 134: Enter Cost

    11-4 11: A IPX R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Example: Enter IPX Address: 0x45469f30 Enter Cost [1]: 1 Enter Frame Format (Ethernet II: 0, 802.2: 1, Raw 802.3: 2, SNAP: 3): 1 IPX VLANs: Index Ports 9-12 Select VLAN index: 3 Modifying an You might want to change the configuration of an interface that you Interface...

  • Page 135: Administering Routes

    Administering Routes 11-5 Administering Your system maintains a table of routes to other IPX networks. You can Routes either use the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) to exchange routing information automatically or make static entries in this table using the Administration Console. Each routing table entry contains the following information: Address —...

  • Page 136: Defining A Static Route

    11-6 11: A IPX R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Displaying the You can display the routing tables for the system to determine which Routing Table routes are configured and if they are operational. To display the contents of the routing table, from the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: Top-Level Menu ipx route display...

  • Page 137: Flushing Routes

    Administering Routes 11-7 5 Enter the node address of the route. A static route is defined in the following example: Enter IPX address: 0x45469f30 Enter Cost: 1 Enter Interface number: 1 Enter node address: 08-00-3e-22-15-78 Removing a Route To remove a route: Top-Level Menu 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: system...

  • Page 138: Administering Servers

    11-8 11: A IPX R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Administering Your system maintains a table of servers that reside on other IPX Servers networks. You can either use the Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) to exchange server information automatically or make static entries in this server table using the Administration Console.

  • Page 139: Network

    Administering Servers 11-9 Displaying the You can display the server table for the system to determine which Server Table servers are learned and if they are operational. To display the contents of the server table, from the Administration Top-Level Menu Console top-level menu, enter: system interface...

  • Page 140: Removing A Server

    11-10 11: A IPX R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING 8 Enter the number of hops to the server. Example: Enter Interface number: 1 Enter service type: 4 Enter service name: gb201 Enter IPX address: 0x8c14a238 Enter socket: 0x8059 Enter node address: 00-00-2e-f3-56-01 Enter hops: 2 Removing a Server To remove a server:...

  • Page 141: Setting Ipx Forwarding

    Setting IPX Forwarding 11-11 Setting IPX You can control whether the system forwards or discards IPX packets Forwarding addressed to other routers. When you enable IPX forwarding, the system acts as a normal IPX router, forwarding IPX packets from one network to another when required.

  • Page 142: Setting The Enhanced Rip Mode

    11-12 11: A IPX R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING By default, RIP is off. RIP default mode To set the RIP operating mode: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: Top-Level Menu system ipx rip interface ethernet route fddi server 2 Enter the RIP mode ( , or ).

  • Page 143: Setting The Sap Mode

    Setting the SAP Mode 11-13 Setting the SAP You can select a SAP mode that is appropriate for your network. SAP can Mode operate in any of three modes: Off — The system ignores all incoming SAP packets and does not generate any SAP packets of its own.

  • Page 144: Displaying Statistics

    11-14 11: A IPX R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Displaying The Administration Console allows you to display four types of IPX-related Statistics statistics: IPX summary statistics IPX RIP statistics IPX SAP statistics IPX forwarding statistics Displaying IPX To display IPX summary statistics, from the Administration Console Summary Statistics top-level menu, enter: ipx statistics summary...

  • Page 145: Displaying Ipx Rip Statistics

    Displaying Statistics 11-15 Displaying IPX RIP To display IPX RIP statistics, from the Administration Console top-level Statistics menu, enter: ipx statistics rip Example below: Top-Level Menu system interface ethernet IPX forwarding is enabled, RIP is active, SAP is active route fddi summary server...

  • Page 146: Displaying Ipx Sap Statistics

    11-16 11: A IPX R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Displaying IPX SAP To display IPX SAP statistics, from the Administration Console top-level Statistics menu, enter: ipx statistics sap Top-Level Menu Example: system interface ethernet route fddi summary IPX forwarding is enabled, RIP is active, SAP is active server forwarding bridge...

  • Page 147: Displaying Ipx Forwarding Statistics

    Displaying Statistics 11-17 Displaying IPX To display IPX Forwarding statistics, from the Administration Console Forwarding top-level menu, enter: Statistics ipx statistics forwarding Top-Level Menu system interface ethernet route summary fddi server forwarding bridge forwarding Example: enhanced appletalk statistics snmp analyzer script IPX forwarding is enabled, RIP is active, SAP is active logout...
  • Page 148 11-18 11: A IPX R HAPTER DMINISTERING OUTING Table 11-4 IPX Forwarding Statistics Field Description Received Number of IPX forwarding packets received Transmitted Number of IPX forwarding packets transmitted Forwarded Number of IPX packets forwarded by the IPX router Hdr Errors Number of IPX packets dropped due to IPX Network layer header errors Hop Count Errors...
  • Page 149 ® DMINISTERING PPLE OUTING This chapter describes how to set up your LANplex® system to use the AppleTalk protocol to route packets. For more information on how AppleTalk routing works, see Chapter 7: Routing with AppleTalk. You can display and configure the following: AppleTalk interfaces Routes AARP cache...

  • Page 150: Administering Interfaces

    12-2 12: A ® R HAPTER DMINISTERING PPLE OUTING Administering An AppleTalk interface defines the relationship between an AppleTalk Interfaces Virtual LAN (VLAN) and the AppleTalk network. Every AppleTalk interface has one AppleTalk VLAN associated with it. Each switching module has one AppleTalk interface defined for each subnet directly connected to it.

  • Page 151: Displaying Appletalk Interfaces

    Administering Interfaces 12-3 Displaying You can display a table that shows all AppleTalk interfaces and their AppleTalk Interfaces parameter settings configured for the system. To display the AppleTalk interfaces defined on the router, from the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: Top-Level Menu appletalk interface display system...

  • Page 152: Removing An Interface

    12-4 12: A ® R HAPTER DMINISTERING PPLE OUTING 6 Enter the zone name. You can enter up to 16 zone names per interface. 7 Type after entering all the zone names. 8 Enter the index of the AppleTalk VLAN associated with this interface. Example: Enter Start of Network Range:10000 Enter End of Network Range: 10100...

  • Page 153: Administering Routes

    Administering Routes 12-5 Administering Your system maintains a table of routes to other AppleTalk networks. The Routes routing table is generated automatically by the Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP). RTMP defines 1) the rules for exchanging information between routers so that the routers can maintain their routing tables, and 2) the rules for the information contained within each routing table.

  • Page 154: Flushing All Routes

    12-6 12: A ® R HAPTER DMINISTERING PPLE OUTING The following example shows a routing table display: Network Range Distance Interface State good good 10-14 good 15-19 good good 100-100 good 201-300 good 2010-2015 good 10009-10009 good 10010-10010 good 10060-10060 good 10110-10113 good...

  • Page 155: Administering The Aarp Cache

    Administering the AARP Cache 12-7 Administering AARP allows hardware addresses to be mapped to an AppleTalk protocol the AARP Cache address. AppleTalk uses dynamically assigned 24-bit addresses, unlike the statically-assigned 48-bit addresses used by Ethernet and token ring. To make the address mapping process easier, AARP uses an Address Mapping Table (AMT).

  • Page 156: Displaying The Aarp Cache

    12-8 12: A ® R HAPTER DMINISTERING PPLE OUTING Displaying the You can display the AARP cache for the system to determine which routes AARP Cache are configured and if they are operational. Top-Level Menu To display the contents of the AARP cache: system interface ethernet...

  • Page 157: Removing An Entry In The Cache

    Administering the AARP Cache 12-9 Removing an Entry To remove an AARP cache entry: in the Cache 1 At the Administration Console’s top-level menu, enter: Top-Level Menu system interface ethernet appletalk aarp remove route fddi display aarp remove 2 Enter the AARP address at the prompt. bridge zone flush...

  • Page 158: Network

    12-10 12: A ® R HAPTER DMINISTERING PPLE OUTING Displaying the AppleTalk allows for the logical grouping of nodes into zones to make Zone Table navigation through the network easier. This is done with the Zone Information Protocol (ZIP). ZIP helps routers maintain a mapping of network numbers to zones in the entire network.

  • Page 159: Configuring Forwarding

    Zone Test GmbH is assigned to 1 network 12010-12012 Network 10009-10009 has 2 known zones Zone Madrid3Com is assigned to 1 network Hemel NSOPS 14010-14029 3Com Arpeggio Zone NSDEng is assigned to 1 network Network 10010-10010 has 1 known zone 32910-32910 Marlow EUR Configuring...

  • Page 160: Configuring Checksum

    12-12 12: A ® R HAPTER DMINISTERING PPLE OUTING Configuring Checksum is a simple method used for detecting errors in the transmission Checksum of data. Checksum generation totals the bytes comprising the data and adds this sum to the end of the data packet. Checksum verification allows you to verify the integrity of the data that is routed.

  • Page 161: Viewing Appletalk Statistics

    Viewing Appletalk Statistics 12-13 Viewing Appletalk You can view statistics specific to the following AppleTalk protocols: Statistics Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP) Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP) Zone Information Protocol (ZIP) Name Binding Protocol (NBP) Displaying DDP To display DDP statistics: Statistics Top-Level Menu From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter:...

  • Page 162: Displaying Rtmp Information

    12-14 12: A ® R HAPTER DMINISTERING PPLE OUTING Table 12-1 AppleTalk Statistics (continued) Field Description inTooShorts Number of input DDP datagrams dropped because the received data length was less than the data length specified in the DDP header or the received data length was less than the length of the expected DDP header inTooLongs Number of input DDP datagrams dropped because they exceeded...

  • Page 163: Displaying Zip Information

    Viewing Appletalk Statistics 12-15 Table 12-2 RTMP Statistics Field Description inDatas Number of good RTMP data packets received inRequests Number of good RTMP request packets received outDatas Number of good RTMP data packets sent outRequests Number of RTMP request packets sent routeEqChgs Number of times RTMP changes the Next Internet Router in a routing entry because the hop count advertised in a routing table...
  • Page 164 12-16 12: A ® R HAPTER DMINISTERING PPLE OUTING An example of summary statistics is shown below: DDP forwarding is enabled. inQueries inReplies inExReplies inGniRequests inGniReplies inLocalZones inZoneLists inObsoletes inZoneCons inZoneInvs inErrors outQueries outReplies outExReplies outGniRequests outGniReplies outLocalZones outZoneLists outZoneInvs outAddrInvs Table 12-3 describes the ZIP statistics you can view: Table 12-3 ZIP Statistics...

  • Page 165: Displaying Nbp Information

    Viewing Appletalk Statistics 12-17 Table 12-3 ZIP Statistics (continued) Field Description outGniReplies Number of ZIP GetNetInfo reply packets sent out of this port outzoneInvs Number of times this entity has sent a ZIP GetNetInfo reply with the zone invalid bit set in response to a GetNetInfo request with an invalid zone name outAddrInvs Number of times this entity had to broadcast a ZIP GetNetInfo reply...
  • Page 166 12-18 12: A ® R HAPTER DMINISTERING PPLE OUTING Table 12-4 describes the NBP statistics you can view. Table 12-4 NBP Statistics Field Description inLkupReqs Number of NBP Lookup Requests received inBcastsReqs Number of NBP Broadcast Requests received inFwdReqs Number of NBP Forward Requests received inLkupReplies Number of NBP Lookup Replies received inErrors...
  • Page 167 (RMON) EMOTE ONITORING ® AND THE PLEX YSTEM Chapter 13 Remote Monitoring (RMON) Technology...

  • Page 168: What Is Rmon?

    (RMON) EMOTE ONITORING ECHNOLOGY This chapter provides an overview of RMON and describes the specific LANplex® RMON implementation. What Is RMON? The Remote Monitoring (RMON) Management Information Base (MIB) provides a way to monitor and analyze a local area network LAN from a remote location.

  • Page 169: Benefits Of Rmon

    SNMP applications such as Transcend® Enterprise Manager software, not through the serial interface or telnet. For more information about the details of managing 3Com devices using RMON, see the user documentation of the Transcend Network Management Application for Windows.

  • Page 170: Com Transcend Rmon Agents

    LAN separated by a bridge or router, the cost of implementing many probes in a large network can be high. To solve this problem, 3Com has built an inexpensive RMON probe into the Transcend SmartAgent software in each LANplex 2500 system. This probe allows you to deploy RMON widely around the network at a cost no more than that for traditional network monitors.

  • Page 171: Management Information Base (Mib)

    (SNMP) network management package such as the Transcend Enterprise Manager application suite to manage a network device without a specific description of that device. 3Com ships SNMP MIB files with LANplex Extended Switching System software as ASN.1 files. MIB Objects The data in the MIB consists of objects that represent features of the equipment that an agent can control and manage.
  • Page 172 Management Information Base (MIB) 13-5 etherStatsPkts OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Counter ACCESS read-only STATUS mandatory DESCRIPTION This is a total number of packets received, including bad packets, broadcast packets, and multicast packets. ::= { etherStatsEntry 5 } Figure 13-2 Example of an RMON MIB Counter Object The displayed information includes these items: The formal name of the counter is etherStatsPkts.

  • Page 173: Alarms

    13-6 13: R (RMON) T HAPTER EMOTE ONITORING ECHNOLOGY Alarms The LANplex system supports the following syntax for alarms: counters, gauges, integers and timeticks. These mechanisms report information about the network to the network administrator. Counters, for example, hold and update the number of occurrences of a particular event through a port, module, or switch on the network.

  • Page 174: Setting Alarm Thresholds

    Alarms 13-7 Setting Alarm Thresholds determine when an alarm reports that a counter has exceeded a Thresholds certain value. You can set alarm thresholds through the network manually, and choose any value for them that is appropriate for your application. The network management software monitors the counters and thresholds continually during normal operations to provide data for later calibration.

  • Page 175: Rmon Hysteresis Mechanism

    13-8 13: R (RMON) T HAPTER EMOTE ONITORING ECHNOLOGY RMON Hysteresis The RMON hysteresis mechanism provides a way to prevent small Mechanism fluctuations in counter values from causing alarms. This mechanism generates an alarm only under the following conditions: The counter value exceeds the high threshold after previously exceeding the low threshold.
  • Page 176 PPENDIX Appendix A Technical Support...

  • Page 177: On-Line Technical Services

    3Com provides easy access to technical support information through a variety of services. This appendix describes these services. On-line Technical 3Com offers worldwide product support 24 hours a day, seven days a week, Services through the following on-line systems: 3Com Bulletin Board Service (3ComBBS) World Wide Web site 3ComForum on CompuServe®...

  • Page 178: Access By Digital Modem

    56 Kbps. To access 3ComBBS using ISDN, dial the following number: (408) 654-2703 World Wide Web Site Access the latest networking information on 3Com’s World Wide Web site by entering our URL into your Internet browser: http://www.3Com.com/ This service features news and information about 3Com products, customer service and support, 3Com’s latest news releases, selected articles from...

  • Page 179: Comfacts™ Automated Fax Service

    Support from If additional assistance is required, contact your network supplier. Many Your Network suppliers are authorized 3Com service partners who are qualified to provide Supplier a variety of services, including network planning, installation, hardware maintenance, application training, and support services.

  • Page 180: Support From 3Com

    3Com. In the U.S. and Canada, call (800) 876-3266 for customer service. If you are outside the U.S. and Canada, contact your local 3Com sales office to find your authorized service provider. Use one of these numbers:...
  • Page 181 NDEX protocols, about 7-1 Numerics protocols, and OSI levels 7-4 routing table maintenance protocol (RTMP) 7-6 3Com Bulletin Board Service (3ComBBS) A-1 routing tables 7-8 3Com sales offices A-4 session layer protocol (ASP) 7-10 3ComFacts A-3 statistics, viewing 12-13 transaction protocol (ATP) 7-9...
  • Page 182 NDEX bridging/routing learned routes, AppleTalk 12-6 LANplex model 3-4 learned routes, IP 9-12 traditional model 3-4 learned routes, IPX 11-7 bulletin board service A-1 for 11-9 forwarding configuring AppleTalk 12-11 cache displaying the IP multicast 10-9 checksum gateway configuring AppleTalk 12-12 routing table, and the 4-5 chooser, Macintosh 7-2 See also router...
  • Page 183 NDEX displaying an 11-3 TTL threshold 10-3 modifying an 11-4 tunnels 5-6, 10-6 removing an 11-4 IP route Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) 4-6, 6-9 default 9-10, 9-13 Internet address. See IP address defining static 9-11 Internet Control Message Protocol. See ICMP removing from table 9-12 Internet Protocol.
  • Page 184 NDEX LIS interfaces characteristics of 9-3 defining 9-4 on-line technical services A-1 OSI Reference Model AppleTalk routing and 7-5 IP routing and 4-1 IPX routing and 6-2 MAC (Media Access Control). See FDDI MAC MAC address 3-3 ARP and 9-13 bridging in switching modules, and 3-6 compared to IP address 4-2 PAP 7-10...
  • Page 185 NDEX management console 13-1 MIB 13-1, 13-2, 13-4 probe 13-1, 13-2 route, IP aging mechanism 6-14 default 9-10 packet structure 6-11 defining static 9-11 request handling 6-15 removing default 9-13 using for dynamic routes 6-14 removing from table 9-12 SAP mode status 9-10 setting 11-13 route, IPX...
  • Page 186 NDEX timing out, IP route status 9-10 T-notify configuring 8-4 transmission errors ICMP Redirect 4-9 reasons for 4-9 TTL threshold 5-5 IP multicast 10-3 tunnels IP multicast 5-6, 10-6 VLAN information defining 8-3 displaying 8-1 modifying 8-4 removing 8-5 VLAN interfaces about 9-1 characteristics of 9-2 defining 9-6...

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