Navistar MaxxForce DT Diagnostic Manual
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Navistar MaxxForce DT Diagnostic Manual

Aftertreatment symptom-based diagnostic and inspection manual
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DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL
Aftertreatment Symptom-Based Diagnostic and Inspection Manual
®
DT, 9 and 10 (EPA 10)
®
11, 13 and 15 (EPA 10)
Navistar, Inc.
2701 Navistar Drive, Lisle, IL 60532 USA
© 2014 Navistar, Inc. All rights reserved. All marks are trademarks of their respective owners.
https://www.truck-manuals.net/

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  • Page 1 MaxxForce DT, 9 and 10 (EPA 10) MaxxForce ® 11, 13 and 15 (EPA 10) Navistar, Inc. 2701 Navistar Drive, Lisle, IL 60532 USA © 2014 Navistar, Inc. All rights reserved. All marks are trademarks of their respective owners. https://www.truck-manuals.net/...
  • Page 2 https://www.truck-manuals.net/...
  • Page 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. FOREWORD......................2.
  • Page 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.) 10. MAXXFORCE ® 11, 13 AND 15 SERVICEMAXX™ SNAPSHOTS......... 10.1.
  • Page 5 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL FOREWORD Navistar, Inc. is committed to continuous research and development to improve products and introduce technological advances. Procedures, specifications, and parts defined in published technical service literature may be altered. Technical service literature is revised periodically. If a technical publication is ordered, the latest revision will be supplied.
  • Page 6 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL SAFETY INFORMATION This manual provides general and specific maintenance procedures essential for reliable engine operation and your safety. Since many variations in procedures, tools, and service parts are involved, advice for all possible safety conditions and hazards cannot be stated. Read safety instructions before doing any service and test procedures for the engine or vehicle.
  • Page 7 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Vehicle • Make sure the vehicle is in neutral, the parking brake is set, and the wheels are blocked before servicing engine or vehicle. • Clear the area before starting the engine. Engine • The engine and vehicle should be operated or serviced only by qualified individuals. •...
  • Page 8 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Tools • Make sure all tools are in good condition. • Make sure all standard electrical tools are grounded. • Check for frayed power cords before using power tools. Fluids Under Pressure • Use extreme caution when working on systems under pressure. •...
  • Page 9 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL MAXXFORCE ® DT, 9 AND 10 AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS 3.1. START DIAGNOSTICS HERE: ENGINE AND AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM OPERATIONAL CHECKS Overview A properly operating aftertreatment system requires little manual intervention from the operator. Illuminated warning lamps may indicate a driving or extended idle operation that may not allow successful regeneration of the aftertreatment system.
  • Page 10 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Determine if engine or Aftertreatment system warning lamps are illuminated. Yes: Go to step 4 Key-On Engine-Off (KOEO), check Instrument Panel (IP) for the following warning lamps: • Amber Warning Lamp (AWL) • Red Stop Lamp (RSL) •...
  • Page 11 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for an engine no start. Turn ignition switch to ON position and crank Yes: Go to step 5 engine for a maximum of 20 seconds. If engine does not start, wait 2 to 3 minutes and crank engine again for a maximum of 20 seconds.
  • Page 12 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 3.2. SYMPTOM 1 (MEDIUM DUTY): FREQUENT PARKED REGENS WITH NO ACTIVE FAULT CODES (MORE THAN ONE PARKED REGEN PER DAY) NOTE – Before beginning the following step-based diagnostics, perform all vehicle operational checks page 5. NOTE – SPN 3719 FMI 15 may be inactive when a frequent regen concern is present. NOTE –...
  • Page 13 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL WARNING To prevent personal injury or death, do not exceed local speed limit laws or drive too fast for conditions when performing 0 to 60 MPH Test. NOTE – Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) can vary based on ECM calibration and vehicle weight. Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™...
  • Page 14 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for Injection Control Pressure (ICP) system issue. Using EST with Yes: Go to step ServiceMaxx™ software, use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from 0 to 60 MPH Test: Signal Values: •...
  • Page 15 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for Air Management System (AMS) issue. Using EST with Yes: Go to step 3 ServiceMaxx™ software, use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from 0 to 60 MPH Test: Signal Values: •...
  • Page 16 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify exhaust gas temperatures are within specification. Graph 5: Diagnostics Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ complete software, go to Sessions > Performance and select the record snapshot icon from the toolbar. Graph 6: Go to step 4 2.
  • Page 17 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Determine if DPF, DOC, and PDOC are reusable see the DPF and DOC Yes: Install removed reuse guidelines page 159. aftertreatment Based on DPF and DOC Re-Use Guidelines, are the DPF, DOC, and system components, and PDOC reusable? go to step 6.
  • Page 18 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. New Aftertreatment Fuel Injector 2. Early production AFI gasket (AFI) gasket Figure 1 AFI Gasket Action Decision Step Yes: Install AFI, and go to step 8. CAUTION Do not remove the nozzle injector from the doser housing. Spray pattern test is no longer a visual check for Aftertreatment Fuel Injector (AFI) replacement.
  • Page 19 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Run DSI System De-Aeration Procedure twice, to purge the Down Stream Go to step 9 Injection (DSI) system of air. Using EST, go to Procedures > KOER Aftertreatment Procedures > DSI System De-Aeration. Step Action Decision Using EST, check Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) list for any fault code(s) Yes: Repair active...
  • Page 20 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Perform Standard Test to verify all engine systems are operating as Yes: Go to step designed. Verify engine coolant temperature is greater than 158°F (70°C). Using EST with ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests > KOER Tests > Standard Test.
  • Page 21 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 3.3. SYMPTOM 2 (MEDIUM DUTY): ENGINE NO START / STARTS AND STALLS NOTE – Before beginning the following step-based diagnostics, perform all vehicle operational checks page 5. Action Decision Step Check for an exhaust system restriction by performing the following Both DPFDP and TC1TOP Exhaust System Restriction Test: signals High: Go to step 2...
  • Page 22 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Table 21 Example TC1TOP (Actual) Calculations Maximum TC1TOP Signal TC1TOP KOEO Signal Value Maximum TC1TOP Signal Value During Value During Cranking Cranking — TC1TOP KOEO Signal Value = TC1TOP (Actual) 15.7 psi (108 kPa) 14.7 psi (101 kPa) 15.7 psi (108 kPa) –...
  • Page 23 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Determine if removed aftertreatment system components need to Yes: Clean components be cleaned see the DPF and DOC reuse guidelines page 159. using appropriate cleaning equipment. After cleaning Based on DPF and DOC Re-Use Guidelines, do any of the procedure is complete, removed aftertreatment system components need to be cleaned? Install components and go...
  • Page 24 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Do Onboard Filter Cleanliness Test (OBFCT) to clear active Yes: Go to step 9 aftertreatment fault code(s). Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests > KOER Aftertreatment Tests > Onboard Filter Cleanliness Test. While OBFCT is running, check the following components for exhaust leaks, and verify all fasteners, brackets, and clamps are secure and undamaged: •...
  • Page 25 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL WARNING To prevent personal injury or death, do not exceed local speed limit laws or drive too fast for conditions when performing 0 to 60 MPH Test. NOTE – Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) can vary based on ECM calibration and vehicle weight. Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™...
  • Page 26 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for Injection Control Pressure (ICP) system issue. Using Yes: Go to step 10C EST with ServiceMaxx™ software, use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from 0 to 60 MPH Test: Signal Values: •...
  • Page 27 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Perform Standard Test to verify all engine systems are operating Yes: Go to step 12 as designed. Verify engine coolant temperature is greater than 158°F (70°C). Using EST with ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests > KOER Tests > Standard Test. Does Standard Test run and pass? No: Diagnose and repair active fault code(s).
  • Page 28 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 3.4. SYMPTOM 3 (MEDIUM DUTY): SPN 3719 OR SPN 3936 ACTIVE ONLY OR FREQUENT REGENS (MORE THAN ONE PARKED REGEN PER DAY) NOTE – Before beginning the following step-based diagnostics, perform all vehicle operational checks page 5. NOTE – The number of regens performed in one day may vary depending on application. The following criteria should be used to determine if a regen is considered frequent: •...
  • Page 29 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, SPN 3719 FMI 16, go to Reset DPF soot load. Select Sessions > Programming > CDPF Step 4 Reset Request set value to yes, then select Program Engine. When programming completes, run engine at wide open throttle SPN 3719 FMI 15, go to (WOT) for 10 minutes.
  • Page 30 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Diesel Particulate Filter ( DPF) Snap Acceleration Test (Quick Yes: Go to Symptom 5 Test). This procedure checks the DPF for cracks or internal (Medium Duty): Black smoke damage without removing the DPF from the vehicle and is used page 44.
  • Page 31 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Determine if removed aftertreatment system components need to Yes: Clean components be cleaned see the DPF and DOC reuse guidelines page 159. using appropriate cleaning equipment. After cleaning Based on DPF and DOC Re-Use Guidelines, do any of the procedure is complete, Install removed aftertreatment system components need to be cleaned? components and go to step...
  • Page 32 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL WARNING To prevent personal injury or death, do not exceed local speed limit laws or drive too fast for conditions when performing 0 to 60 MPH Test. NOTE – Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) can vary based on ECM calibration and vehicle weight. Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™...
  • Page 33 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for Injection Control Pressure (ICP) system issue. Using Yes: Go to step 11C EST with ServiceMaxx™ software, use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from 0 to 60 mph test: Signal Values: •...
  • Page 34 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify exhaust gas temperatures are within specification. Graph 5: Diagnostics complete 1. Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests > KOER Graph 6: Go to step 13 Aftertreatment Tests > Onboard Filter Cleanliness Test (OBFCT).
  • Page 35 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. New Aftertreatment Fuel Injector 2. Early production AFI gasket (AFI) gasket Figure 2 AFI Gasket Action Decision Step Yes: Install AFI, and go to step 14. CAUTION Do not remove the nozzle injector from the doser housing. Spray pattern test is no longer a visual check for Aftertreatment Fuel Injector (AFI) replacement.
  • Page 36 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Run DSI System De-Aeration Procedure twice, to purge the Down Go to step 15 Stream Injection (DSI) system of air. Using EST, go to Procedures > KOER Aftertreatment Procedures > DSI System De-Aeration. Step Action Decision Using EST, check Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) list for fault code(s) Yes: Repair active fault...
  • Page 37 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Perform Standard Test to verify all engine systems are operating as Yes: Go to step 19 designed. Verify engine coolant temperature is greater than 158°F (70°C). Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests > KOER Tests > Standard Test. Does Standard Test run and pass? No: Diagnose and repair active fault code(s).
  • Page 38 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 3.5. SYMPTOM 4 (MEDIUM DUTY): SPN 3719 OR SPN 3936 AND OTHER ACTIVE FAULT CODES NOTE – Before beginning the following step-based diagnostics, perform all vehicle operational checks page 5. Step Action Decision Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, Yes: Repair other active check Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) list for active fault code(s) other fault code(s) (See Electronic...
  • Page 39 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, SPN 3719 FMI 16, go to Step Reset DPF soot load. Select Sessions > Programming > CDPF Reset Request set value to yes, then select Program Engine. When programming completes, run engine at wide open throttle (WOT) for SPN 3719 FMI 15, go to Step 10 minutes.
  • Page 40 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Diesel Particulate Filter ( DPF) Snap Acceleration Test (Quick Test). Yes: Go to Symptom 5 This procedure checks the DPF for cracks or internal damage (Medium Duty): Black smoke without removing the DPF from the vehicle and is used to test basic page 44.
  • Page 41 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Determine if removed aftertreatment system components need to be Yes: Clean components cleaned see DPF and DOC reuse guidelines page 159. using appropriate cleaning equipment. After cleaning Based on DPF and DOC Re-Use Guidelines, do any of the removed procedure is complete, Install aftertreatment system components need to be cleaned? components and go to step 11.
  • Page 42 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL WARNING To prevent personal injury or death, do not exceed local speed limit laws or drive too fast for conditions when performing 0 to 60 MPH Test. NOTE – Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) can vary based on ECM calibration and vehicle weight. Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™...
  • Page 43 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for Injection Control Pressure (ICP) system issue. Using Yes: Go to step 12C EST with ServiceMaxx™ software, use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from 0 to 60 MPH Test: Signal Values: •...
  • Page 44 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify exhaust gas temperatures are within specification. Graph 5: Diagnostics complete Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with Graph 6: Go to step 14 ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Sessions > Performance and select the record snapshot icon from the toolbar. Graph 7: Go to step 16 2.
  • Page 45 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. New Aftertreatment Fuel Injector 2. Early production AFI gasket (AFI) gasket Figure 3 AFI Gasket Action Decision Step Yes: Install AFI, and go to step CAUTION Do not remove the nozzle injector from the doser housing. Spray pattern test is no longer a visual check for Aftertreatment Fuel Injector (AFI) replacement.
  • Page 46 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Run DSI System De-Aeration Procedure twice, to purge the Down Stream Injection (DSI) system of air. Using EST, go to Procedures > KOER Aftertreatment Procedures > DSI System De-Aeration. Go to step 16 Step Action Decision Using EST, check Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) list for fault Yes: Repair active fault...
  • Page 47 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Perform Standard Test to verify all engine systems are operating Yes: Go to step 20 as designed. Verify engine coolant temperature is greater than 158°F (70°C). Using EST with ServiceMaxx software, go to Tests > KOER Tests >...
  • Page 48 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 3.6. SYMPTOM 5 (MEDIUM DUTY) : BLACK SMOKE OVERVIEW: Hydrocarbon slip occurs when diesel fuel does not fully combust in the aftertreatment treatment system and slips through the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) into the clean side of the exhaust.
  • Page 49 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Perform Onboard Filter Cleanliness Test (OBFCT) to clear active Yes: Repair complete aftertreatment fault code(s). Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests > KOER Aftertreatment Tests > Onboard Filter Cleanliness Test. While test is running, check the following components for exhaust leaks and verify all fasteners, brackets and clamps are secure and undamaged.
  • Page 50 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL WARNING To prevent personal injury or death, do not exceed local speed limit laws or drive too fast for conditions when performing 0 to 60 MPH Test. NOTE – Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) can vary based on ECM calibration and vehicle weight. Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™...
  • Page 51 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for Injection Control Pressure (ICP) system issue. On the Yes: Go to step 5C Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from the 0 to 60 MPH Test: •...
  • Page 52 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify exhaust gas temperatures are within specification. Graph 5: Diagnostics complete Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with Graph 7: Go to step 7 ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Sessions > Performance and select the record snapshot icon from the toolbar.
  • Page 53 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. New Aftertreatment Fuel Injector 2. Early production AFI gasket (AFI) gasket Figure 4 AFI Gasket Action Decision Step Yes: Install AFI and go to step 8 CAUTION Do not remove the nozzle injector from the doser housing. Spray pattern test is no longer a visual check for Aftertreatment Fuel Injector (AFI) replacement.
  • Page 54 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Run Down Stream Injection (DSI) System De-Aeration Go to step 9 Procedure two times, to purge the DSI system of air. Using the Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Procedures > KOER Aftertreatment Procedures > DSI System De-Aeration.
  • Page 55 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL MAXXFORCE ® DT, 9 AND 10 SERVICEMAXX™ SNAPSHOTS 4.1. GRAPH 1: AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TEST (GOOD) NOTE – Colors in the graphs are used for clarity only and will not necessarily match the colors you will see in your ServiceMaxx™ snapshots 1.
  • Page 56 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Actions: 1. When EGR valve is commanded ON, verify Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) signal value drops. 2. When EGR valve is commanded ON, verify Mass Air Flow (MAF) Mean Value (MMV) drops. Calculate the difference between MMV at a stabilized high point and a stabilized low point, then compare to the table below.
  • Page 57 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 4.2. GRAPH 2: AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TEST (BAD) 1. Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) 3. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) (psi) [Red] valve position (percent) [Blue] 2. Mass Air Flow (MAF) Mean Value (MMV)(mg) [Green] Figure 6 Graph 2: Air Management System Test (Bad) Graph Analysis: This graph shows an Air Management System (AMS) not operating as designed during the Air Management Test (AMT).
  • Page 58 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 4.3. GRAPH 3: 0 TO 60 MPH TEST (ICP DESIRED AND ICP) 1. Injection Pressure Regulator (IPR) 3. Engine speed (rpm) [Orange] valve control (percent) [Blue] 4. Injection Control Pressure (ICP) 2. Injection Control Pressure Desired [Purple] (ICPD) [Green] Figure 7 Graph 3: 0 to 60 MPH Test (ICP Desired and ICP) Graph Analysis This graph shows an Injection Control Pressure (ICP) system operating as designed.
  • Page 59 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 4.4. GRAPH 4: 0 TO 60 MPH TEST (ENGINE SPEED, ENGINE LOAD, IMP, EBP, AND APP1) 1. Accelerator Pedal Position 1 3. Engine load (percent) [Blue] (APP1) (percent) [Orange] 4. Engine speed (rpm) [Green} 2. Exhaust Back Pressure (EBP) 5.
  • Page 60 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Actions 1. Verify IMP signal value is between 36 psi (248 kPa) to 42 psi* (289 kPa), with APP1 signal value at 99.6%, and engine speed between 1800 rpm to 2200 rpm. 2. Verify Exhaust Back Pressure (EBP) is less than 70 psi (414 kPa), with APP1 signal value at 99.6%, and engine speed between 1800 rpm to 2200 rpm.
  • Page 61 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 4.5. GRAPH 5: NORMAL EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURES (EFFICIENT DOC AND UNRESTRICTED AFI) NOTE – Snapshot recorded below with Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) soot load level 5. 1. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Inlet 3. Diesel Particulate Filter Outlet Temperature (DOCIT) (degrees Temperature (DPFOT) (degrees Fahrenheit) [Red] Fahrenheit) [Green]...
  • Page 62 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Actions: 1. After Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) reaches operating temperature and stabilizes, verify Diesel Particulate Filter Inlet Temperature (DPFIT) signal value is at approximate target temperature for current soot load level (See Soot Load Level vs. Exhaust Gas Target Temperature Chart, page 62). 2.
  • Page 63 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 4.6. GRAPH 6: ERRATIC EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURES 1. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Inlet 3. Diesel Particulate Filter Outlet Temperature (DOCIT) (degrees Temperature (DPFOT) (degrees Fahrenheit) [Green] Fahrenheit) [Blue] 2. Diesel Particulate Filter Inlet Temperature (DPFIT) (degrees Fahrenheit) [Orange] Figure 10 Graph 6: Erratic Exhaust Gas Temperatures Graph Analysis: This graph shows erratic exhaust gas temperatures.
  • Page 64 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 4.7. GRAPH 7: LOW EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURES (RESTRICTED AFI) NOTE – Snapshot recorded below with Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) soot load level 1. 1. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Inlet 3. Diesel Particulate Filter Outlet Temperature (DOCIT) (degrees Temperature (DPFOT) (degrees Fahrenheit) [Blue] Fahrenheit) [Green] 2.
  • Page 65 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Actions: 1. After Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) reaches operating temperature and stabilizes, verify Diesel Particulate Filter Inlet Temperature (DPFIT) signal value is at approximate target temperature for current soot load level (See Soot Load Level vs. Exhaust Gas Target Temperature Chart, page 62). 2.
  • Page 66 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 4.8. SOOT LOAD LEVEL VS. EXHAUST GAS TARGET TEMPERATURE CHART Soot Load (%) DPF Soot Load Level Exhaust Gas Target Temperature (DPFIT) 0 -16 1125°F (607°C) 17 -33 1110°F (599°C) 34 - 49 1090°F (588°C) 50 - 66 1075°F (579°C) 67 - 83 1050°F (566°C)
  • Page 67 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM OPERATION 5.1. MAXXFORCE ® DT, 9 AND 10 The Aftertreatment (AFT) system, part of the larger exhaust system, processes engine exhaust to meet emission requirements. The AFT system traps particulate matter (soot) and prevents it from leaving the tailpipe. The AFT system performs the following functions: •...
  • Page 68 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL • Engine Control Module (ECM) with Barometric Absolute Pressure (BARO) internal sensor • Multiplex System Module (MSM) body module (PayStar applications only) • Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) sensor • Park brake • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) • Driveline Disconnect Switch (DDS) •...
  • Page 69 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL • Fuel Injectors (INJs) • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve • Engine Throttle Valve (ETV) • Warning Indicators • Inlet Air Heater (IAH) • Aftertreatment Control Module (ACM) • Aftertreatment Fuel Inlet Sensor (AFTFIS) • Aftertreatment Fuel Pressure 2 (AFTFP2) sensor •...
  • Page 70 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS (THEORY OF OPERATION) 6.1. MAXXFORCE ® DT, 9 AND 10 1. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) 2. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Figure 13 DOC and DPF Assembly (MaxxForce® DT, 9 and 10 Engines) Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) The DOC does the following: •...
  • Page 71 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Downstream Injection (DSI) unit Figure 14 DSI Unit (MaxxForce® DT, 9 and 10 Engines) Downstream Injection (DSI) Unit The DSI unit is connected to the clean side of the low-pressure fuel system, and will provide a metered amount of fuel to the Aftertreatment Fuel Injector (AFI).
  • Page 72 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Engine Control Module (ECM) Figure 15 ECM (MaxxForce® DT, 9 and 10 Engines) Engine Control Module (ECM) The Engine Control Module (ECM) monitors and controls engine operation to ensure maximum performance and adherence to emissions standards. The ECM performs the following functions: •...
  • Page 73 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Engine Throttle Valve (ETV) Figure 16 ETV (MaxxForce® DT, 9 and 10 Engines) Engine Throttle Valve (ETV) The Engine Throttle Valve (ETV) controls the flow of fresh air (boosted and cooled) into the engine's air intake path through the CAC to help heat the exhaust aftertreatment during regeneration, and to assist when heavy EGR is requested.
  • Page 74 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Exhaust Back Pressure Valve (EBPV) Figure 17 EBPV (Typical) Exhaust Back Pressure Valve (EBPV) The Exhaust Back Pressure Valve (EBPV) controls the position of the exhaust valve increasing or decreasing exhaust gas back pressure and temperature to allow the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to function efficiently.
  • Page 75 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve Figure 18 EGR System (MaxxForce® DT, 9 and 10 Engines) Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve The EGR valve receives the desired valve position from the ECM for exhaust gas recirculation. The EGR valve regulates the flow of exhaust gases through the EGR system.
  • Page 76 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Pre-Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (PDOC) The PDOC does the following: • Aids in creating an exothermic reaction to improve exhaust emissions • Allows for more efficient operation of the aftertreatment system 1. PDOC back bracket (attaches to 4. 11 x 20 x 24 mm spacer (3) engine) 5.
  • Page 77 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL High and Low Pressure Turbocharger Components 1. High-pressure turbine housing 10. Turbo oil supply tube assembly 2. High-pressure turbocharger outlet 11. Low-pressure turbine outlet 3. Turbo wastegate actuator 12. High-pressure compressor 4. Turbocharger 2 Wastegate Control housing (TC2WC) valve 13.
  • Page 78 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Intake air flow: Filtered air enters the LP compressor, where it is compressed and directed to the LPCAC (if equipped). Cooled LP air enters the HP compressor where it is further compressed and directed into the HPCAC. Compressed air then travels through the ETV and the intake throttle duct. This system provides high charge air pressure to improve engine performance and to help reduce emissions.
  • Page 79 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM FAULT CODES 7.1. MAXXFORCE ® DT, 9 AND 10 (EPA 10) Condition Possible Causes 3242 DPFIT signal does not agree with • Biased DPFIT circuit or sensor other exhaust sensors 3242 DPFIT signal Out of Range HIGH •...
  • Page 80 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 3471 Fuel Pressure 1 below desired (Low • Lower fuel delivery pressure system pressure) • Restricted fuel filter • AFT Fuel Shutoff Valve failure • Biased AFT Fuel Pressure 1 sensor or circuit 3471 AFT Fuel Doser Valve not responding •...
  • Page 81 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 3719 DPF Soot Load – Moderate (level • Level 2 DPF Regen required 2/3) 3936 • Level 3 DPF plugged DPF Soot Load – Severe De-Rate 3936 DPF– Regen duration above limit • Engine unable to build enough heat to the DOC •...
  • Page 82 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM EVENT CHART 8.1. MAXXFORCE ® DT, 9 AND 10 https://www.truck-manuals.net/...
  • Page 83 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL MAXXFORCE ® 11,13 AND 15 AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS 9.1. START DIAGNOSTICS HERE: ENGINE AND AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM OPERATIONAL CHECKS Overview A properly operating aftertreatment system requires little manual intervention from the operator. Illuminated warning lamps indicate a driving or extended idle operation that may not allow a successful regeneration of the aftertreatment system.
  • Page 84 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Operational Checks – Start Aftertreatment Diagnostics Here Step Action Decision Verify the following engine systems are in satisfactory condition: Yes: Go to step 2 • Engine Oil: Park vehicle on level ground and check oil level. • Engine Coolant Level: Check coolant level that is indicated on deaeration tank.
  • Page 85 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Diesel Particulate Filter ( DPF) Snap Acceleration Test (Quick Yes: Go to Symptom 5 (Heavy Test). This procedure checks the DPF for cracks or internal Duty): Black smoke page 113. damage without removing the DPF from the vehicle and is used to test basic functionality of the DPF.
  • Page 86 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ Yes: Go to Symptom 3 (Heavy Duty): software, check Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) list for SPN SPN 3719 Active Only or Frequent 3719 FMI 0 or 16 (DPF Soot Load). Regens page 96.
  • Page 87 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 9.2. SYMPTOM 1 (HEAVY DUTY): FREQUENT PARKED REGENS WITH NO ACTIVE FAULT CODES (MORE THAN ONE PARKED REGEN PER DAY) NOTE – Before beginning the following step-based diagnostics, perform all vehicle operational checks page 80. NOTE – The number of regens performed in one day may vary depending on application. The following criteria should be used to determine if a regen is considered frequent: •...
  • Page 88 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL WARNING To prevent personal injury or death, do not exceed local speed limit laws or drive too fast for conditions when performing Lug Down Test. Step Action Decision Using EST, go to Sessions > Performance. Find an open Go to step 2B stretch of road in order to perform Lug Down Test.
  • Page 89 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify aftertreatment system is free of restrictions. Using EST, Yes: Go to step 2D use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from Lug Down Test: Signal Values: • Engine Speed • Turbocharger 1 Turbine Outlet Pressure (TC1TOP) Compare snapshot to Graph 4 and associated Graph Analysis page 126.
  • Page 90 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify exhaust gas temperatures are within specification. Graph 6: Diagnostics complete Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with Graph 7: Go to step 4 ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Sessions > Performance and select the record snapshot icon Graph 8: Go to step 7 from the toolbar.
  • Page 91 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Determine root cause of exhaust system contamination. (See After repairs are complete, go to Engine Symptoms Diagnostics section in Engine Diagnostic step 7 Manual.) Step Action Decision Check Oxygen Sensor (O S) operation. Start the engine and Yes: Go to step 8 allow to reach normal operating temperature.
  • Page 92 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. New Aftertreatment Fuel Injector 2. Early production AFI gasket (AFI) gasket Figure 22 AFI Gasket Action Decision Step Yes: Install AFI, and go to step 10 CAUTION Do not remove the nozzle injector from the doser housing. Spray pattern test is no longer a visual check for Aftertreatment Fuel Injector (AFI) replacement.
  • Page 93 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Run DSI System De-Aeration Procedure twice, to purge the After procedure is complete, go to Down Stream Injection (DSI) system of air. Using EST, go to step 11 Procedures > KOER Aftertreatment Procedures > DSI System De-Aeration.
  • Page 94 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify root cause of frequent regens has been diagnosed and Yes: Diagnostics complete repaired. Has root cause for frequent regens been diagnosed and repaired? No: Go back to step 1 of Engine and Aftertreatment System Operational Checks page 80 to verify engine systems are in satisfactory condition.
  • Page 95 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 9.3. SYMPTOM 2 (HEAVY DUTY): ENGINE NO START / STARTS AND STALLS NOTE – Before beginning the following step-based diagnostics, perform all vehicle operational checks page 80. Action Decision Step Check for an exhaust system restriction by performing the Both DPFDP and TC1TOP signals following Exhaust System Restriction Test: High: Go to step 2...
  • Page 96 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Determine if PDOC or DOC is contaminated. Remove the Yes: Remove DPF, and then go to step 4. PDOC and DOC (see Exhaust System Service Manual), and check for signs of lube oil and coolant contamination. NOTE –...
  • Page 97 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Do Onboard Filter Cleanliness Test (OBFCT) to clear active Yes: Go to step 8 aftertreatment fault code(s). Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests > KOER Aftertreatment Tests > Onboard Filter Cleanliness Test. While OBFCT is running, check the following components for exhaust leaks, and verify all fasteners, brackets, and clamps are secure and undamaged:...
  • Page 98 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL WARNING To prevent personal injury or death, do not exceed local speed limit laws or drive too fast for conditions when performing Lug Down Test. Step Action Decision Using EST, go to Sessions > Performance. Find an open Go to step 9B stretch of road in order to perform Lug Down Test.
  • Page 99 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify aftertreatment system is free of restrictions. Using Yes: Go to step 9D EST, use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from Lug Down Test: Signal Values: • Engine Speed • Turbocharger 1 Turbine Outlet Pressure (TC1TOP) Compare snapshot to Graph 4 and associated Graph Analysis page 126.
  • Page 100 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 9.4. SYMPTOM 3 (HEAVY DUTY): SPN 3719 ACTIVE ONLY OR FREQUENT REGENS (MORE THAN ONE PARKED REGEN PER DAY) NOTE – Before beginning the following step-based diagnostics, perform all vehicle operational checks page 80. NOTE – The number of regens performed in one day may vary depending on application. The following criteria should be used to determine if a regen is considered frequent: •...
  • Page 101 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Determine if removed aftertreatment system components Yes: Clean components using need to be cleaned see DPF and DOC reuse guidelines appropriate cleaning equipment. After page 159. cleaning procedure is complete, install components and go to step 6. Based on DPF and DOC Re-Use Guidelines, do any of the removed aftertreatment system components need to be cleaned?
  • Page 102 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for a failed Air Management System (AMS) actuator. Graph 1: Go to step 8A 1. Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with Graph 2: Diagnose and repair failed ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests > Load actuator (See Performance Diagnostics Test Specific Session and verify Load Test section in Engine Diagnostic Manual).
  • Page 103 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL WARNING To prevent personal injury or death, do not exceed local speed limit laws or drive too fast for conditions when performing Lug Down Test. Step Action Decision Using EST, go to Sessions > Performance. Find an open Go to step 8B stretch of road in order to perform Lug Down Test.
  • Page 104 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify aftertreatment system is free of restrictions. Using Yes: Go to step 8D EST, use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from Lug Down Test: Signal Values: • Engine Speed • Turbocharger 1 Turbine Outlet Pressure (TC1TOP) Compare snapshot to Graph 4 and associated Graph Analysis page 126.
  • Page 105 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify exhaust gas temperatures are within specification. Graph 6: Diagnostics complete Use the playback feature in ServiceMaxx™, and graph the following signal values from step 1 OBFCT: Graph 7: Replace DOC. After repairs are complete, perform an OBFCT to Signal Values: verify repairs.
  • Page 106 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. New Aftertreatment Fuel Injector 2. Early production AFI gasket (AFI) gasket Figure 23 AFI Gasket Action Decision Step Yes: Install AFI, and then go to step 13. CAUTION Do not remove the nozzle injector from the doser housing. Spray pattern test is no longer a visual check for Aftertreatment Fuel...
  • Page 107 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Run DSI System De-Aeration Procedure twice, to purge Go to step 14 the Down Stream Injection (DSI) system of air. Using EST, go to Procedures > KOER Aftertreatment Procedures > DSI System De-Aeration. Step Action Decision Using EST, check Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) list for Yes: Repair active fault code(s) (See...
  • Page 108 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 9.5. SYMPTOM 4 (HEAVY DUTY): SPN 3719 AND OTHER ACTIVE FAULT CODES NOTE – Before beginning the following step-based diagnostics, perform all vehicle operational checks page 80. Action Decision Step Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ Yes: Repair other active fault code(s) software, check Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) list for (See Electronic Control Systems active fault code(s) other than SPN 3719 (DPF soot load).
  • Page 109 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Determine if removed aftertreatment system components Yes: Clean components using need to be cleaned see DPF and DOC reuse guidelines appropriate cleaning equipment. After page 159. cleaning procedure is complete, install components and go to step 7. Based on DPF and DOC Re-Use Guidelines, do any of the removed aftertreatment system components need to be cleaned?
  • Page 110 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for a failed Air Management System (AMS) actuator. Graph 1: Go to step 9A 1. Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with Graph 2: Diagnose and repair failed ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests > Load actuator (See Performance Diagnostics Test Specific Session and verify Load Test section in Engine Diagnostic Manual).
  • Page 111 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL WARNING To prevent personal injury or death, do not exceed local speed limit laws or drive too fast for conditions when performing Lug Down Test. Step Action Decision Using EST, go to Sessions > Performance. Find an open Go to step 9B stretch of road in order to perform Lug Down Test.
  • Page 112 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify aftertreatment system is free of restrictions. Using Yes: Go to step 9D EST, use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from Lug Down Test: Signal Values: • Engine Speed • Turbocharger 1 Turbine Outlet Pressure (TC1TOP) Compare snapshot to Graph 4 and associated Graph Analysis page 126.
  • Page 113 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify exhaust gas temperatures are within specification. Graph 6: Diagnostics complete Use the playback feature in ServiceMaxx™, and graph the following signal values from step 2 OBFCT: Graph 7: Replace DOC. After repairs are complete, perform an OBFCT to verify Signal Values: repairs.
  • Page 114 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. New Aftertreatment Fuel Injector 2. Early production AFI gasket (AFI) gasket Figure 24 AFI Gasket Action Decision Step Yes: Install AFI, and go to step 14. CAUTION Do not remove the nozzle injector from the doser housing. Spray pattern test is no longer a visual check for Aftertreatment Fuel...
  • Page 115 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Run DSI System De-Aeration Procedure twice, to After procedure is complete, go to step purge the Down Stream Injection (DSI) system of air. Using EST, go to Procedures > KOER Aftertreatment Procedures > DSI System De-Aeration. Step Action Decision...
  • Page 116 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Verify root cause of frequent regens symptom. Yes: Diagnostics complete Has root cause for frequent regens been diagnosed and repaired? No: Go back to step 1 of Engine and Aftertreatment System Operational Checks page 80 to verify engine systems are in satisfactory condition.
  • Page 117 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 9.6. SYMPTOM 5 (HEAVY DUTY): BLACK SMOKE OVERVIEW: Hydrocarbon slip occurs when diesel fuel does not fully combust in the aftertreatment system and slips through the DPF into the clean side of the exhaust. Hydrocarbon slip is associated with high idle time.
  • Page 118 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Remove and Inspect the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Yes: Install the DPF and go to step 3 only (See Exhaust System Service Manual). DO NOT REMOVE THE Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC). Refer to the DPF and DOC Reuse Guidelines in this manual page 159.
  • Page 119 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for failed Air Management System (AMS) Graph 1: Go to step 5A actuator. Graph 2: Diagnose and repair failed 1. Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with actuator (See Performance Diagnostics ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests > Load section in Engine Diagnostic Manual).
  • Page 120 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for low fuel rail pressure. Using Electronic Yes: Go to step 5C Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, use the playback feature and graph the following signal values from Lug Down Test: Signal Values: •...
  • Page 121 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Check for Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) issue. Use Yes: Go to step 6 the playback feature in ServiceMaxx™, and graph the following signal values from Lug Down Test: Signal Values: • Engine Speed • Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) •...
  • Page 122 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. New Aftertreatment Fuel Injector 2. Early production AFI gasket (AFI) gasket Figure 25 AFI Gasket Action Decision Step Yes: Install AFI, then go to step 8. CAUTION Do not remove the nozzle injector from the doser housing. Spray pattern test is no longer a visual check...
  • Page 123 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Step Action Decision Run Down Stream Injection (DSI) System De-Aeration Go to step 9 Procedure twice, to purge the DSI system of air. Using Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Procedures > KOER Aftertreatment Procedures > DSI System De-Aeration. Step Action Decision...
  • Page 124 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL MAXXFORCE ® 11, 13 AND 15 SERVICEMAXX™ SNAPSHOTS 10.1. GRAPH 1: AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TEST (GOOD) NOTE – Colors in the graphs are used for clarity only and will not necessarily match the colors you will see in your ServiceMaxx™ snapshots 1.
  • Page 125 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Actions: 1. When TC2WC is commanded ON, verify Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) signal value drops. NOTE – MaxxForce® 11 ONLY: AFT regen status stays “Not Active.” NOTE – Turbocharger 1 Wastegate Control (TC1WC) does not affect engine performance and is removed from post-production engines.
  • Page 126 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 10.2. GRAPH 2: AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TEST (BAD) 1. Engine speed (rpm) [Green] 3. Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) 2. Turbocharger 2 Wastegate Control (psi) [Orange] (TC2WC) (percent) [Purple] Figure 27 Graph 2: Air Management System Test (Bad) Graph Analysis: This graph shows an Air Management System (AMS) not operating as designed during the Air management Test (AMT).
  • Page 127 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Actions: 1. When Turbocharger 2 Wastegate Control (TC2WC) is commanded ON, verify Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) drops. In this graph, IMP does not drop when TC2WC is commanded ON. NOTE – MaxxForce® 11 ONLY: AFT regen status stays “Not Active.” NOTE –...
  • Page 128 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 10.3. GRAPH 3: LUG DOWN TEST (ENGINE SPEED, FRP, AND FRPD) 1. Fuel Rail Pressure Desired (FRPD) 4. Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) (psi) (psi) [Orange] [Red] 2. Engine load (percent) [Green] 3. Accelerator Pedal Position 1 (APP1) (percent) [Blue] Figure 28 Graph 3: Lug Down Test (Engine Speed, FRP, and FRPD) Graph Analysis: This graph shows a fuel management system operating as designed.
  • Page 129 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Actions: 1. Verify FRP signal value reaches 31,900 psi (219,943 kPa) at full load. 2. Verify FRP signal value is within a 1000 psi (6,895 kPa) range of FRPD signal value during acceleration. NOTE – Analyze Lug Down Test signal values only during engine acceleration, and not deceleration or shifting.
  • Page 130 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 10.4. GRAPH 4: LUG DOWN TEST (ENGINE SPEED AND TC1TOP) 1. Turbocharger 1 Turbine Outlet 3. Accelerator Pedal Position 1 Pressure (TC1TOP) (psi) [Blue] (APP1) (Percent) [Green] 2. Engine Load (Percent) [Red] Figure 29 Graph 4: Lug Down Test (Engine Speed and TC1TOP) Graph Analysis: This graph shows an exhaust aftertreatment system operating as designed (unrestricted).
  • Page 131 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 10.5. GRAPH 5: LUG DOWN TEST (ENGINE SPEED, APP1, VEHICLE SPEED, AND IMP) 1. Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP) 4. Engine load (percent) [Orange] (psi) [Purple] 5. Accelerator Pedal Position 1 2. Engine speed (rpm) [Blue] (APP1) (percent) [Green] 3.
  • Page 132 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Verify IMP signal value is between 40 psi (276 kPa) to 43 psi (296 kPa), with Accelerator Pedal Position 1 (APP1) signal value at 99.6%, and engine speed between 1300 rpm to 1700 rpm. NOTE – Analyze Lug Down Test signal values only during engine acceleration, and not deceleration or shifting.
  • Page 133 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 10.6. GRAPH 6: NORMAL EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURES (EFFICIENT DOC AND UNRESTRICTED AFI) 1. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) soot 4. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) load (percent) [Orange] at operating temperature and 2. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Outlet stabilized Temperature (DOCOT) (degrees 5.
  • Page 134 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Actions: 1. After Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) reaches operating temperature and stabilizes (see callout 4, graph 6), verify Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Outlet Temperature (DOCOT) and Diesel Particulate Filter Outlet Temperature (DPFOT) signal values are greater than 900°F (482°C). 2.
  • Page 135 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 10.7. GRAPH 7: INVERTED EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURES (INEFFICIENT DOC) 1. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Inlet 4. Diesel Particulate Filter Outlet Temperature (DOCIT) (degrees Temperature (DPFOT) (degrees Fahrenheit) [Red] Fahrenheit) [Green] 2. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) soot 5. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Outlet load (percent) [Blue] Temperature (DOCOT) (degrees 3.
  • Page 136 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Actions: 1. After DOC reaches operating temperature and stabilizes (see callout 3, graph 7), verify DPFOT signal value is not 122°F (50°C) higher than DOCOT signal value. In this graph, DPFOT signal value is 122°F (50°C) higher than DOCOT indicating inverted exhaust gas temperatures. 2.
  • Page 137 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 10.8. GRAPH 8: LOW EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURES (RESTRICTED AFI) 1. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Outlet 4. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Inlet Temperature (DOCOT) (degrees Temperature (DOCIT) (degrees Fahrenheit) [Red] Fahrenheit) [Green] 2. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) 5. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) soot at operating temperature and load (percent) [Blue] stabilized.
  • Page 138 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Actions: 1. After DOC reaches operating temperature and stabilizes (see callout 2, graph 8), verify DOCOT and DPFOT signal values are greater than 900°F (482°C). In this graph, DOCOT and DPFOT are less than 900°F (482°C). 2. Verify Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Inlet Temperature (DOCIT) signal value is between 550°F (287°C) to 800°F (427°C).
  • Page 139 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM OPERATION 11.1. MAXXFORCE ® 11, 13 AND 15 The Aftertreatment (AFT) system, part of the larger exhaust system, processes engine exhaust to meet emission requirements. The AFT system traps particulate matter (soot) and prevents it from leaving the tailpipe. The AFT system performs the following functions: •...
  • Page 140 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL The functional diagram for the Aftertreatment (AFT) system includes the following: • Engine Control Module (ECM) with Barometric Absolute Pressure (BARO) internal sensor • Multiplex System Module (MSM) body module (PayStar applications only) • Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) sensor •...
  • Page 141 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve • Engine Throttle Valve (ETV) • Warning Indicators • Inlet Air Heater (IAH) • Aftertreatment Fuel Inlet Sensor (AFTFIS) • Aftertreatment Fuel Pressure 2 (AFTFP2) sensor • Aftertreatment Fuel Shutoff Valve (AFTFSV) •...
  • Page 142 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS (THEORY OF OPERATION) 12.1. MAXXFORCE ® 11 AND 13 1. Electrical connector 5. Turbocharger 1 Turbine Outlet 2. Turbocharger 1 Wastegate Control Pressure (TC1TOP) sensor port (TC1WC) port 6. Turbocharger 2 Wastegate Control 3. Vehicle air supply port (TC2WC) port 4.
  • Page 143 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) 6. Diesel Particulate Filter Outlet 2. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) Temperature (DPFOT) sensor Figure 36 DOC and DPF Assembly (MaxxForce® 11, 13 and 15 Engines) Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) The DOC does the following: •...
  • Page 144 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Aftertreatment Fuel Shutoff Valve 3. Aftertreatment Fuel Doser (AFTFSV) (AFTFD) 2. Aftertreatment Fuel Inlet Sensor 4. Aftertreatment Fuel Pressure 2 (AFTFIS) (AFTFP2) sensor Figure 37 DSI Unit (MaxxForce® 11 and 13 Engines) Downstream Injection (DSI) Unit The DSI unit is connected to the clean side of the low pressure fuel system, and will provide a metered amount of fuel to the AFI.
  • Page 145 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Engine Control Module (ECM) 4. ECM 58-pin C1 chassis terminal 2. Engine injector harness connector 5. Engine sensor harness connector (to ECM 16-pin E2 terminal) (to ECM 96-pin E1 terminal) 3. ECM 58-pin C2 chassis terminal Figure 38 ECM (MaxxForce® 11 and 13 Engines) Engine Control Module (ECM) The Engine Control Module (ECM) monitors and controls engine operation to ensure maximum performance and adherence to emissions standards.
  • Page 146 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Engine Throttle Valve (ETV) Figure 39 ETV (MaxxForce® 11 and 13 Engines) Engine Throttle Valve (ETV) The Engine Throttle Valve (ETV) controls the flow of fresh air (boosted and cooled) into the engine's air intake path through the CAC to help heat the exhaust aftertreatment during regeneration, and to assist when heavy EGR is requested.
  • Page 147 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Exhaust Back Pressure Valve (EBPV) Figure 40 EBPV (Typical) Exhaust Back Pressure Valve (EBPV) The Exhaust Back Pressure Valve (EBPV) controls the position of the exhaust valve increasing or decreasing exhaust gas back pressure and temperature to allow the DOC and DPF to function efficiently. https://www.truck-manuals.net/...
  • Page 148 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve Figure 41 EGR Valve Location MaxxForce® 11 and 13 Engines (Right Rear Engine) Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve The EGR valve receives the desired valve position from the ECM for exhaust gas recirculation. The EGR valve regulates the flow of exhaust gases through the EGR system.
  • Page 149 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Pre-Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (PDOC) The PDOC does the following: • Aids in creating an exothermic reaction to improve exhaust emissions • Allows for more efficient operation of the aftertreatment system 1. PDOC back bracket (attaches to 4. 11 x 20 x 24 mm spacer (3) engine) 5.
  • Page 150 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 1. HP turbocharger compressor inlet 7. LP turbocharger turbine outlet 2. HP turbocharger turbine inlet 8. Oil supply line 3. LP turbocharger wastegate 9. Oil return line actuator 10. LP turbocharger compressor 4. HP turbocharger outlet 5. HP turbocharger wastegate 11.
  • Page 151 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM FAULT CODES 13.1. MAXXFORCE ® 11, 13 AND 15 Condition Possible Causes 3251 DPFDP excessively HIGH (Plugged • Restricted Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) filter) • Low Fuel Delivery Pressure • Restricted Aftertreatment Fuel Injector (AFI) unit •...
  • Page 152 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 3480 AFTFP1 too low while dosing • FDP below minimum • Dirty fuel filter • Stuck closed AFT Shutoff valve • Fuel Leak in Down Stream Injection (DSI) System 3481 Incorrect dosing pressure, multiple • FDP above maximum events •...
  • Page 153 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 3720 DPF Ash load at maximum limit • High DPF ash level • Low Fuel Delivery Pressure • Restricted AFI unit • Parked Regen Inhibited • Exhaust leak(s) • Biased DPFDP sensor • Biased IMP sensor • Low boost pressure 4077 AFTFP2 too high while dosing •...
  • Page 154 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL • Coolant leak to exhaust 5319 DPF incomplete Regeneration • High DPFDP after DPF regen • High ash level in DPF https://www.truck-manuals.net/...
  • Page 155 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM EVENT CHART 14.1. MAXXFORCE ® 11, 13 AND 15 https://www.truck-manuals.net/...
  • Page 156 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL REGEN INHIBITORS AND ENTRY CONDITIONS 15.1. REGEN INHIBITORS Figure 45 Aftertreatment session screen shot Overview A Regen may not occur due to any of the following conditions: • Inhibitors do not match their expected value • Entry conditions have not been met •...
  • Page 157 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL NOTE – Any active aftertreatment system fault code(s) may inhibit a Regen. Diagnose active fault code(s), other than SPN 3719 (DPF Soot Load), before continuing (see Electronic Control Systems Diagnostics” in Engine Diagnostic Manual). Table 182 Check Active Regen Inhibitors 1.
  • Page 158 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Table 183 Check Parked Regen Inhibitors 1. Turn ignition switch ON, engine OFF. 2. Using EST with ServiceMaxx™ software, load the Aftertreatment session. 3. Verify all listed Inhibitors are displaying Not Inhibited. Checks Expected Results Comment AFT Regen Inhibit status Not Inhibited If inhibited, correct the cause.
  • Page 159 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Table 184 Parked Regen Checks Using EST with ServiceMaxx™ software, open the Aftertreatment session. Open the inhibitors tab and check for Inhibitors. Checks Expected Results Comment Engine condition Smooth, not stumbling If engine does not run smoothly, diagnose engine performance problem.
  • Page 160 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 15.2. ENTRY CONDITIONS Overview A Regen may not occur due to any of the following conditions: • Inhibitors do not match their expected value • Entry conditions have not been met • Active fault code(s) To view the status of Regen inhibitors, use an Electronic Service Tool (EST) with ServiceMaxx™ software, go to Tests >...
  • Page 161 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL DPF Status Test This test checks the status of the DPF if the Soot level is within a Regen Needed limit. The test will automatically start a Parked Regen. NOTE – The KOER Standard Test must be run before performing this test. This test will perform a complete Parked Regen.
  • Page 162 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Table 187 Entry Conditions for a Parked Regen A Parked Regen can only be performed when the DPF soot level threshold is reached. The DPF lamp will flash or stay on solid, signaling the need for Regen. The following conditions are required for a Parked Regen: •...
  • Page 163 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL DPF AND DOC REUSE GUIDELINES 16.1. MAXXFORCE ® DT, 9, AND 10; MAXXFORCE ® 11, 13 AND 15 NOTE – These guidelines apply to MaxxForce® DT, 9, 10, 11, and 13 (EPA 10) non-Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment systems. When inspecting aftertreatment systems with SCR, reference the appropriate Exhaust Aftertreatment Service Manual with DPF and SCR.
  • Page 164 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.1. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Inlet - Clean Figure 46 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Inlet - Clean. Appearance Black soot or gray ash can be seen on the face of the DPF and within the channels. Cause The system is working properly. Action The DPF can be reused.
  • Page 165 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.2. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Inlet - Dirty, but Reusable Figure 47 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Inlet - Dirty, but Reusable. Appearance Black soot or gray ash on the face of the DPF and within the channels. Cause The system is working properly.
  • Page 166 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.3. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Inlet - Face Plugged Figure 48 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Inlet - Face Plugged. Appearance The DPF is completely covered with black soot or gray ash. Cause Excessive soot generation. Action Determine and repair the root cause of excessive soot generation. Once the root cause is repaired, properly service and reuse the DPF.
  • Page 167 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.4. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) - Melted Figure 49 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) - Melted. Appearance Melted or deformed DPF cells. Cause Excessive exhaust gas temperatures. Action Determine the cause of excessive exhaust gas temperatures. Refer to the appropriate Engine Diagnostic Manual for diagnostic procedures.
  • Page 168 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.5. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) - Cracked but Reusable Figure 50 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) - Cracked, but Reusable. Appearance Surface cracking on either face of the DPF. Action The DPF can be reused. NOTE – Surface cracking on either face of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) substrate is normal and acceptable.
  • Page 169 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.6. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Inlet- Ash on Face Figure 51 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Inlet - Ash on Face. Appearance Buildup of ash on the inlet face of the DPF. Cause Normal system operation. Action Properly service and reuse DPF. https://www.truck-manuals.net/...
  • Page 170 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.7. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) - Excessive Brick Shift 1. Diesel Particulate Filter Outlet Temperature (DPFOT) sensor Figure 52 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) - Excessive Brick Shift. Appearance The DPF brick has shifted past the DPFOT sensor causing damage to the DPF substrate.
  • Page 171 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.8. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) - Moderate Brick Shift 1. Diesel Particulate Filter Outlet Temperature (DPFOT) sensor Figure 53 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) - Moderate Brick Shift. Appearance The DPF brick has shifted and made contact with the DPFOT sensor port bung, but has not damaged the DPF substrate.
  • Page 172 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.9. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) Outlet - Dirty but Reusable Figure 54 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) Outlet - Dirty, but Reusable. Appearance Black soot or gray ash on the face of the DOC. The system is working properly. Cause Action The DOC can be reused.
  • Page 173 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.10. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) - Separation A. DOC separation Figure 55 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) - Separation. Appearance DOC separation between the substrate and housing. Cause Occurs during the manufacturing process. Action The DOC can be reused. https://www.truck-manuals.net/...
  • Page 174 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.11. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) - Melted Figure 56 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) - Melted. Appearance Melted or deformed DOC cells. Excessive exhaust gas temperatures. Cause Action Determine the cause of excessive exhaust gas temperatures. Refer to the appropriate Engine Diagnostic Manual for diagnostic procedures.
  • Page 175 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL 16.1.12. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) or Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) - Damaged Sensor Port Threads 1. Damaged port threads Figure 57 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) or Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Damaged Sensor Port Threads. Appearance The DOC or DPF differential pressure or temperature sensor port threats are damaged. Cause Seized threads.
  • Page 176 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS A or amp Ampere Ambient Air Temperature ABDC After Bottom Dead Center Antilock Brake System Alternating Current ACCEL Accelerator Aftertreatment Control Module Air Control Valve Air to Fuel ratio Aftertreatment Fuel Injector Aftertreatment Fuel Pressure Aftertreatment Fuel Supply Aftertreatment AFTFD...
  • Page 177 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Accelerator Position Sensor APS/IVS Accelerator Position Sensor / Idle Validation Switch American Trucking Association ATDC After Top Dead Center Amber Warning Lamp B+ or VBAT Battery Voltage BAP or BARO Barometric Absolute Pressure BBDC Before Bottom Dead Center Body Controller Boost Control Solenoid Bottom Dead Center...
  • Page 178 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Cubic feet per minute Cubic feet per second Coolant Flow Valve Crankshaft Position Centimeter Camshaft Position Coolant Mixer Valve Carbon Monoxide Cylinder Direct Current Data Link Connector Digital Multimeter Diesel Oxidation Catalyst DOCIT Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Inlet Temperature DOCOT Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Outlet Temperature Diesel Particulate Filter...
  • Page 179 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Engine Control Module Engine Coolant Temperature ECT1 Engine Coolant Temperature 1 ECT2 Engine Coolant Temperature 2 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Exhaust Gas Temperature EGT1 Exhaust Gas Temperature 1 EGT2 Exhaust Gas Temperature 2 EGT3 Exhaust Gas Temperature 3 Electromagnetic Interference Engine Oil Pressure Engine Oil Temperature Environmental Protection Agency...
  • Page 180 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL FPCV Fuel Pressure Control Valve Feet per minute Feet per second Fuel Rail Pressure FRPD Fuel Rail Pressure Desired Feet Ground (electrical) Gallon gal/h U.S. Gallons per hour gal/min U.S. Gallons per minute Gross Combined Weight GCWR Gross Combined Weight Rating Gross Vehicle Weight Water Hydrocarbons...
  • Page 181 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Inlet Air Heater IAHR Inlet Air Heater Relay Inlet Air Temperature Integrated Circuit Injection Control Pressure ICPR Injection Control Pressure Regulator Ignition Intake Manifold Pressure Intake Manifold Temperature Inch inHg Inch of mercury INJs Injectors Injection Pressure Regulator Interstage Cooler Intake Throttle Valve J1939H...
  • Page 182 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL lb/s Pounds per second lbf ft Pounds of force per foot lb in Pounds of force per inch Pounds of mass LPCAC Low-pressure Charge Air Cooler Low Sulfur Diesel Meter Meters per second Mass Air Flow Manifold Absolute Pressure MAP/IAT Manifold Absolute Pressure / Inlet Air Temperature Mile...
  • Page 183 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration Oil/Water Lamp Parameter Identifier Part Number PDOC Pre-Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Parts per million PROM Programmable Read Only Memory Pounds per square inch psia Pounds per square inch absolute psig Pounds per square inch gauge Pint Power Takeoff Pulse Width Modulate...
  • Page 184 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL TC1WC Turbocharger 1 Wastegate Control TC2WC Turbocharger 2 Wastegate Control Transmission Control Module Top Dead Center Volt VBAT or B+ Battery Voltage Variable Geometry Turbo Vehicle Identification Number VREF Reference Voltage Vehicle Speed Sensor WTSL Wait to Start Lamp Water In Fuel WIFL Water In Fuel Lamp...
  • Page 185 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL TERMINOLOGY Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) sensor A potentiometer sensor that indicates the position of the throttle pedal. Actuator A device that performs work in response to an input signal. Actuator Control The ECM controls the actuators by applying a low-level signal (low-side driver) or a high-level signal (high side driver).
  • Page 186 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL American Trucking Association (ATA) Datalink A serial datalink specified by the American Trucking Association and the SAE. Boost pressure 1. The pressure of the charge air leaving the turbocharger. 2. Inlet manifold pressure that is greater than atmospheric pressure. Obtained by turbocharging. Bottom Dead Center (BDC) The lowest position of the piston during the stroke.
  • Page 187 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Closed loop operation A system that uses sensors to provide feedback to the ECM. The ECM uses the sensor input to continuously monitor variables and adjust actuators to match engine requirements. Controller Area Network (CAN) A J1939 high-speed communication link. Coolant A fluid used to transport heat from one point to another.
  • Page 188 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) A DOC is part of the diesel exhaust Aftertreatment system. DOCs are devices that use a chemical process to break down pollutants in the exhaust stream into less harmful components. More specifically, DOCs utilize rare metals such as palladium and platinum to reduce hydrocarbon based Soluble Organic Fraction (SOF) and carbon monoxide content of diesel exhaust by simple oxidation.
  • Page 189 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Engine Control Module (ECM) An electronic processor that monitors and controls the engine. Engine Coolant Level (ECL) sensor A switch sensor that monitors coolant level. Engine Coolant Temperature 1 (ECT1) sensor A thermistor sensor that detects engine coolant temperature. Engine Coolant Temperature 2 (ECT2) sensor A thermistor sensor that detects engine coolant temperature.
  • Page 190 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Exhaust Back Pressure Valve (EBPV) A valve that regulates the amount of air pressure applied to the EBPV pneumatic actuator. Exhaust brake A brake device using engine exhaust back pressure as a retarding medium. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) A system used to recirculate a portion of the exhaust gases into the power cylinder in order to reduce oxides of nitrogen.
  • Page 191 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) The amount of pressure in the fuel rail. Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) sensor A variable capacitance sensor that monitors fuel pressure in the fuel rail and sends a signal to the ECM. Fuel strainer A pre-filter in the fuel system that keeps larger contaminants from entering the fuel system.
  • Page 192 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Horsepower (hp) Horsepower is the unit of work done in a given period of time, equal to 33,000 pounds multiplied by one foot per minute. 1 hp = 33,000 lb x 1 ft. /1 min. Humidity Sensor (HS) A sensor that measures the moisture content of filtered air entering the intake system.
  • Page 193 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Interstage Cooler (ISC) Uses cooled coolant to lower the charged air temperature that exits from the turbocharger low-pressure compressor and enters the turbocharger high-pressure compressor. Low temperature radiator thermostat Coolant flow to the low temperature radiator is regulated by the low temperature radiator thermostat. Lug (engine) When the engine is run at an overly low RPM for the load being applied.
  • Page 194 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Ohm (Ω) The unit of electrical resistance. One ohm is the value of resistance through which a potential of one volt will maintain a current of one ampere. (SAE J1213 NOV82) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Nitrogen oxides formed by a reaction between nitrogen and oxygen at high temperatures. Oxygen Sensor (O A sensor that monitors oxygen levels in the exhaust.
  • Page 195 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Regeneration Oxidation of accumulated soot (carbon-based particulates) in the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). The soot is reduced to ash and stored in the PDF. ServiceMaxx™ software Diagnostics software for engine components and systems. Signal ground The common ground wire to the ECM for the sensors. Strategy A plan or set of operating instructions that the microprocessor follows for a desired goal.
  • Page 196 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Turbocharger A turbine driven compressor mounted on the exhaust manifold. The turbocharger increases the pressure, temperature and density of intake air to charge air. Turbocharger 1 Turbine Outlet Pressure (TC1TOP) sensor A variable capacitance sensor that monitors exhaust back-pressure. Turbocharger 2 Compressor Inlet (TC2CIS) sensor The TC2CIS sensor includes a thermistor sensor that monitors the temperature of charge air entering the...
  • Page 197 DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL Voltage drop Reduction in applied voltage from the current flowing through a circuit or portion of the circuit current multiplied by resistance. Voltage ignition Voltage supplied by the ignition switch when the key is ON. Water In Fuel (WIF) sensor A switch sensor that measures the amount of water in the fuel.

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