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Measurement Concepts
Single-Ended Measurements
Differential Measurements
52
Single port measurements are made on devices when the
signal on the electrical port is referenced to ground. This
port is described by S- parameters.
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Figure 1
Single ended EO (left) and OE measurement setups
(Electrical connections shown in blue, optical connections in yellow)
Differential measurements are made on devices when the
signal on the electrical port is the difference between two
electrical signals, each of which is referenced to ground. A
differential measurement needs two input or two output
channels on the network analzyer. The optical port of the
device is a third port. For valid differential measurements,
make sure the electrical calibration of the network analyzer
includes at least three ports.
For more details on differential measurements, please
consult the network analyzers user's guide.
Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User's Guide
out
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