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Keysight N4375D User Manual

Lightwave component analyzer
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Keysight N4375D Lightwave
Component Analyzer
User's Guide

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  • Page 1 Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide...
  • Page 4 Certification one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Keysight will, at its option, Keysight Technologies certifies that this either repair or replace products that prove product met its published specifications at to be defective.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Single-Ended Measurements ..............52 Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 6 Calibrating the Network Analyzer before Measurements......... 78 Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 7 Definition of Terms ............... . 130 Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 8 Keysight N4375D Specifications ........
  • Page 9 Ordering Information Index Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 11 Introduction Introduction Documentation ........10 General Safety Considerations.

  • Page 12: Documentation

    The documentation for the Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer consists of • The documentation for the Keysight network analyzer. This documentation i s on the hard disk of the network analyzer. Refer to it for using the network analyzer for electrical to electrical measurements, or for the configuration of the network analyzer.

  • Page 13: General Safety Considerations

    Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 14 To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the instrument from mains WA R N I N G before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 15 Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause instrument damage. This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the C A U T I O N supply voltage is within the specified range. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 16 Numerical aperture < 10 mm < 10 mm Beam waist diameter a CW output power is defined as the highest possible optical output power that the laser source can produce at the output connector Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 17: Line Power Requirements

    The type of power cable shipped with each instrument depends on the country of destination. Please refer to “Power Cords” on page 167 for the part numbers of available power cables. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 18 Keysight Technologies Service Center. Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 19 WEEE Directive Annex I, this product is classed as a "Monitoring and Control instrumentation" product. Do not dispose in domestic household waste. return unwanted products, contact your local Keysight about.keysight.com/en/ office, companyinfo/environment/takeback.shtml for more information. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 20: Optical Test Set Front And Rear Panels

    Port A the RF power values and DC levels noted on the front panel of the instrument. This is the RF port used for electrical calibration and to connect to E/O or E/E device. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 21 +17 dBm (maximum safe average (high power) input power). This is the input to use if your peak optical input power is between +4 dBm and +14 dBm. This input has reduced sensitivity. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 22 • : Perform continuous sweep measurements with the current measurement setup • : Start the optical power meter • : Start the LCA server (if not already running) Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 23: 4-Port Pna Version

    RF power values and DC levels noted on the front panel of the instrument. This is the RF port used for electrical calibration and to connect to single- ended or differential E/O or E/E device. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 24 +4 dBm and +14 dBm. This input has reduced sensitivity. Port B This is the RF port used for electrical calibration and to connect to single- ended and differential O/E and E/E devices. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 25 Network analyzer This is an S parameter Port 2 measurement port of the Network analyzer. This is the RF port used for electrical calibration and to connect to differential EO, OE and EE devices. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 26: Rear Panel

    External Input Plug in an external laser source. Line power cable Plug in your power cable here. connector Line fuse Replace only with same type. “Replacing the Fuse” on page 121. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 27: Getting Started

    Getting Started Getting Started Unpacking the Lightwave Component Analyzer ..26 Setting Up the Lightwave Component Analyzer ..28...

  • Page 28: Unpacking The Lightwave Component Analyzer

    • 3x 81000NI FC connector interface, narrow key • 1x N4373- 61627 f 3.5 mm to f 3.5 mm RF short cut cable • 1x N4375D- 90A01 getting started guide • 1x 4373D- 90CD1 LCA support CD • 1x 1150- 7896 keyboard •...
  • Page 29 (N5222A or N5242A) with any configuration and RF cables If anything is missing or defective, contact your nearest Keysight Technologies sales office. If the shipment was damaged, contact the carrier, then contact the nearest Keysight Technologies sales office. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 30: Setting Up The Lightwave Component Analyzer

    Component Analyzer, please ensure it has been properly cleaned. Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 31: Using The Correct Connectors

    Component Analyzer, please ensure it has been properly cleaned. Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 32: Enabling And Disabling The Laser Output

    Getting Started The optical input and output of the Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer use angled connectors. Depending on the option you ordered, you will also have received two patchcords. • option 021 includes patchcords with an angled and a straight connector •...

  • Page 33: Starting The Lca

    Chapter 6. Accessing the User’s Guide If it is not already started, start the LCA as described above. Press in the LCA user interface to get to the electronic Version of the users guide. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 35: Performance Quick Check

    This chapter shows how to • Verify the optical and electrical connections to the N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer • Verify the performance of your N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer • Trouble shoot, if you think there may be a malfunction • Perform an acceptance test...

  • Page 36: Preparation

    • Number of points: 2650 • IF bandwidth: 300 Hz • Select “Reduce IF BW at Low Frequencies”. • Averages: 1 • RF output power: 3 dBm 2 Select “Stepped sweep - sweep moves in discrete steps”. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 37: Verifying Your Electrical Calibration

    We recommend you use “Electronic Calibration Modules” for calibrating the Network Analyzer. For more information on handling using and maintaining “Electronic Calibration Modules”, please refer to the “Reference Guide Keysight Technologies Electronic Calibration Modules”, available on the Keysight website. Verifying your Electrical Calibration Passing this test ensures that the electrical calibration is within expected performance.

  • Page 38: Verifying The Optical Connections And Optical Cw Operation

    (N4373B- 87907) to the optical output and input 1 (“+7 dBm”) or input 2 (“+17 dBm”). Use the FC/PC adapter (1005- 0256) to connect the straight ends of the optical patchcords together. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 39 9 Read the optical power from the power meter application. The readout must be +4 dBm ± 0. 5 dB 10.Press the [Macro/Local utility button until you see Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 40 106. • Switch the laser off and inspect all optical connectors with a microscope. • If the connectors on the N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer seem to be damaged contact Keysight for repair. • If the connectors on the patchcord seem to be damaged contact Keysight for replacements.

  • Page 41: Verifying The Electrical Connection And Electro-Optical Operation

    Use the FC/APC adapter (1005- 1027) to connect the angled ends of the optical patchcords together. 4. Press the [Macro/Local utility button until you see 5. Press to start the LCA measurement setup. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 42 9. Right click the measurement trace, and select “Autoscale All” in the context menu. At the end of the measurement, there should be a flat trace. • An ideal trace might look like this.  Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 43 If the results differ from the expected values • Inspect the electrical connectors on the N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer. If electrical connectors seems to be damaged contact Keysight for repair or replacement.

  • Page 45: Measurement Concepts

    Measurement Concepts Measurement Concepts General Measurement Techniques and Considerations . 44 Signal Relationships in Opto-electric Devices..48 Single-Ended Measurements......52 Differential Measurements.

  • Page 46: General Measurement Techniques And Considerations

    (or power) and lightwave modulation power. Optical Electrical Modulation Modulation Power Current Modulated Lightwave Input Output Laser E/O Measurement ------------------------- Photodiode O/E Measurement ----------------------- - Fiber O/O Measurement ------------------------- Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 47 Figure 1 demonstrates the basic concepts of lightwave component analysis. An analysis of how various signals are used in the measurement process is found in “Signal Relationships in Opto- electric Devices” on page Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 48: Eo Measurements (Lasers, Modulators)

          20log ----------------------------  An LCA measures input modulating current and output modulation power and displays the ratio of the two in Watts/Amp, either linearly or in decibels. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 49: Oe Measurements (Photodiodes)

    As the lightwave component analyzer is able to measure amplitude and phase, dispersion measurements can be made with very high frequency resolution. This can be used to characterize narrowband optical components with a very high frequency resolution within the modulation bandwidth. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 50: Signal Relationships In Opto-Electric Devices

      ----- - a where:   incident on E/O device ----------- -     1refl -------------------- - reflected from E/O device   ----------- - incident on E/O device Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 51 EO converter and the output impedance of the OE converter will be assumed to be Z (thus S and S are zero).  E/O source resp ----------   O/E receiver res ----------  Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 52 The responsivities R and R need to be related to some value in order to have meaning as individual quantities expressed logarithmically, just as 0 dB represents an S unity or gain of 1. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 53 The measurement of modulation current is derived from the system characteristic impedance and a measurement of electrical power. The measurement of optical modulation power is based on a “standard” lightwave receiver whose characteristics are predetermined and known by the LCA. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 54: Single-Ended Measurements

    For valid differential measurements, make sure the electrical calibration of the network analyzer includes at least three ports. For more details on differential measurements, please consult the network analyzers user’s guide. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 55: Differential Oe Measurements

    For OE measurements the single- ended (SE), logical port 1 is assigned to physical port 1 and the balanced (BAL), logical port 2 is assigned to the physical ports 2 and 3 (see Figure Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 56: Differential Eo Measurements

    These include, differential responsivity S, common mode rejection or port imbalance. Since opto- electronic components are unidirectional, non- reciprocal devices, only the measurement types circled in Figure 5 are relevant. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 57: Calibration Concept

    2- port calibration. for balanced measurements, this is a full 3- port calibration. Any electrical and optical factory calibrations are made with reference to the front panel of the "Optical Test Set" of the N4375D "Lightwave Component Analyzer". The internal optical transmitter of the N4375D "Lightwave Component Analyzer"...
  • Page 58 In other words: the calibration standards used for electrical calibration must connect directly to "Port A". The internal optical receiver of the N4375D "Lightwave Component Analyzer" has a calibrated optical transmission over frequency from either the "Optical Input 1 (low power)"...

  • Page 59: Measuring 75 Ohm Devices

    This extends the calibration reference plain to the 75 Ohm DUT interface. The files delivered with the LCA are typical data for the Keysight 11852B minimum loss pads. By default, they are located on the network analyzer at C:\Program Files\Agilent\LCA\CalData \MLP Adapter\11852B.s2p...

  • Page 60: Triggering Concepts

    "Single", this time window is very short, since the LCA does nothing between the sweeps. In such cases, the running measurements can always be stopped by pressing the "Abort Measurement" button on the LCA Server window. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 61: Measuring At Different Wavelengths And With The External Optical Source Input

    If you select a wavelength other than the default wavelengths, the LCA checks for the closest default wavelength. The calibration data for this wavelength is used for the LCA measurements. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 62: Oe Measurements

    4 When the optimization is finished, transfer the optical power value displayed in the status bar to the "Power" box. OO measurements The principles described above for EO and OE measurements also apply to OO measurements. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 63: User Interface Reference

    User Interface Reference User Interface Reference The LCA Function Keys ......62 Default and Advanced Measurement Parameters .

  • Page 64: The Lca Function Keys

    : If it is not already running, this starts the LCA server. If it is already running, it brings the server to the foreground. For information on further function keys, please refer to the documentation supplied with the network analyzer. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 65 "Sweeping..." window (with the "Abort" button) is not shown, abort the measurement with the "Abort Measurement" button in the LCA Server window. For more information on triggering measurements, see “Triggering Concepts” on page Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 66: Default And Advanced Measurement Parameters

    “Measuring Optical- Optical (OO) Devices” on page • If User Calibration is set to “Load” (only possible for OE and OO measurements), you will be asked to specify which user calibration file should be loaded. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 67 LCA setup. Before the LCA saves the setup, it asks you whether you want to save the network analyzer state with your LCA setup. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 68: Loading Setups

    DUT, this uses ports 2 and 3 of a four port network analyzer. Single-Ended If you select this mode, the LCA uses a single- ended electrical input or output for this measurement. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 69: Lca System Settings

    External Input. Select to turn the laser source on for the following LCA measurement. Deselect to turn the laser source off for the following LCA measurement. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 70 This calibration is only used for the measurement setup for which it is specified. • Load prompts you to load data from a file saved as part of a previous user calibration measurement. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 71 For IFBW settings of the network analyzer >3 kHz we recommended you do not use “Continuous” modulator bias optimization, Use "Every Sweep" or "Once" instead. Forward RF Power [dBm] Sets the RF power level for the source port(s). Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 72: Optical Path Deembedding

    1.49 for 62.5 µm at 850 nm, 1.475 for 50 µm at 850 nm and 1.465 for 50 µm at 1300 nm. • Attenuation (dB) can be used alone, or with the values for length and refractive index. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 73: Rf Path Deembedding

    Use the results of a measurement of the RF path to characterize the source or receiver RF path. • For Single- Ended measurements, Src 1 corresponds to the path to Port A, and Rcv 1 corresponds to the path to Port Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 74: Tools

    Some of the controls that can be selected on the Tools tab are also available on the measurement tabs. The controls on the measurement tabs are activated when you start the next measurement setup. The controls on the Tools tab are activated immediately. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 75: Laser Source

    +5 dBm), use Input 1. • For input signals up to +17 dBm (calibrated up to +15 dBm), use Input 2. Receiver Wavelength (nm) Set the wavelength of to be used by the optical power meter. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 76: Rf Power

    EO modulator in the optical test set. • Select “Thru” to switch the source RF signal from the network analyzer directly to Port A of the optical test set. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 77: Reset Ui

    EE Measurement. Selecting an EE Measurement also resets further settings, such as the RF powers and fixture deembedding. Reset UI The "Reset UI" button resets all LCA settings to default settings. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 79: Making Measurements

    Making Measurements Making Measurements Starting the Lightwave Component Analyzer ..78 Calibrating the Network Analyzer before Measurements78 Measuring Opto-Electrical (OE) Devices ....86 Measuring Electro-Optical (EO) Devices .

  • Page 80: Starting The Lightwave Component Analyzer

    • After completing the calibration, do not alter the test port power, IF bandwidth, start frequency, stop frequency, measurement point number or other settings. You may get measurement errors if you change the parameters. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 81 To calibrate for measurements using “User Calibration” or for OO measurements. We recommend you use the torque spanner (Keysight part number 8710- N O T E 1764, 0.90 Nm, 8 lb.-in) supplied with the optical test set to tighten all RF connections during the calibration.
  • Page 82 If you are connecting the RF port of your DUT directly to the front panel N O T E connector of the optical test set, perform the calibration described in “Electrical calibration for “User Calibration” and OO measurements” on page 79, instead of the calibration described here. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 83 ECal module before connecting the ECal module to the RF ports A or B of the LCA test set . We recommend you use the torque spanner (Keysight part number 8710- N O T E 1764, 0.90 Nm, 8 lb.-in) supplied with the optical test set to tighten all RF connections during the calibration.
  • Page 84 Analyzer, or return to EE measurement mode, as described “Returning to Electrical Measurements” on page 98 calibrate. We recommend you use the torque spanner (Keysight part number N O T E 8710- 1764, 0.90 Nm, 8 lb.-in) supplied with the optical test set to tighten all RF connections during the calibration.
  • Page 85 9 Make sure “Do Orientation” is selected, and click [Next >]. 10 When using the 2 port ECal module connect the ECal Module to Port A and the RF Cables to NWA ports 3 and 2, respectively. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 86 2 From the “Calibration” menu, select “Calibration Wizard”. 3 Select “Use Electronic Calibration”, and click [Next>]. 4 Make sure “Show Advanced Settings” is selected. 5 Select “3 Port Ecal”, Select 3 Port ECal Configuration according to the screen. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 87 10 When using the 2 port ECal module connect the ECal Module to Port B and the RF Cables to NWA ports 3 and 2, respectively. 11 Follow the instructions by the ECal Wizard. Click [Measure]. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 88: Measuring Opto-Electrical (Oe) Devices

    2 is assigned to the physical ports 2 and 3. For OE measurements, the LCA sets up traces for S22, S21, S33, S31 by default. For more information, see “Differential Measurements” on page Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 89: Initializing The Oe Measurement

    5 Set the power of the Laser to be applied to the test circuit. If you are using the external source input, enter the value for the power emitted from the LCA optical output port. (Use an external power meter, or the LCA power meter). Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 90 “Default”, and pressing “Run”. 8 If you have optical components, such as attenuators, fiber optic cables or splitters, between the laser output and your device under test, open and enable the Optical Path Deembedding. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 91 .s2p file, for “Deembedding Data”, select “File”, and enter or select the file. • For accurate measurements, you can also include the optical path in the test circuit without the DUT, and select “Measure” (or “Load”) for User Calibration. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 92 Path Deembedding, and make sure 75 Ohm is selected.  13 Enter or select the file with the characterization of the minimum loss pad. 14 Decide what sort of User Calibration you need. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 93 The patchcord has the following part number: • Single- mode angled/angled connector: N4373- 87906 • Single- mode angled/straight connector: N4373- 87907 Please also refer to the documentation supplied with the patchcord. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 94 LCA setup. “Saving and Loading Setups” on page 64 for more information about LCA setups. • If you will have no need to reuse or refer to this calibration data, click Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 95: Making Single-Ended Oe Measurements

    3 To make further measurements with these settings, press to start the measurement. For information on further parameters, please refer to “User Interface Reference” on page Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 96: Measuring Electro-Optical (Eo) Devices

    If you have already initialised the EO measurement, you can connect your device under test and make the measurement by pressing Please refer to the user guide and online help for the network analyzer for further information. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 97: Initializing The Eo Measurement

    6 If you have optical components, such as attenuators, fiber optic cables or splitters, between your device under test and the optical input, open and enable Optical Path Deembedding.  Here you can enter the parameters for the optical path directly. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 98 RF Path Deembedding.  8 Enter or select the file. 9 If you are using a 75 W minimum loss pad, enable the RF Path Deembedding, and make sure 75 Ohm is selected. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 99: Making Single-Ended Eo Measurements

    DUT 3 To make further measurements with these settings, press to start the measurement. For information on further parameters, please refer to “User Interface Reference” on page Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 100: Making Differential Eo Measurements

    “Reverse RF Power [dBm]" The recommended settings of Forward and Reverse RF power depend on N O T E the type of your network analyzer. See “RF Power” on page Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 101: Measuring Optical-Optical (Oo) Devices

    If you have already initialised the OO measurement, you can connect your device under test and make the measurement by pressing Please refer to the user guide and online help for the network analyzer for further information. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 102: Initializing The Oo Measurement

    The system is calibrated with a default setting. You can determine the default setting by going to the tools page, choosing “Default”, and pressing “Run”. 6 Select the Optical Input you are using. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 103 • For accurate measurements, you can also include the optical path in the test circuit without the DUT, and select “Measure” (or “Load”) for User Calibration. 8 Decide what sort of calibration you need. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 104 The patchcord has the following part number: • Single- mode angled/angled connector: N4373- 87906 • Single- mode angled/straight connector: N4373- 87907 Please also refer to the documentation supplied with the patchcord. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 105 “Also save the LCA Settings” . “Saving and Loading Setups” on page 64 for more information about LCA setups. • If you will have no need to reuse or refer to this calibration data, click Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 106: Making Oo Measurements

    OO measurement used Input 1, you need to 1 Press 2 On the Tools tab, in Receiver, for Optical Input, select Input 2. 3 On the Tools tab, in Receiver, specify the receiver wavelength. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 107: Maintenance

    Maintenance Maintenance Cleaning......... 106 Replacing the Fuse.

  • Page 108: Cleaning

    If you are unsure of the correct cleaning procedure for your optical device, we recommend that you first try cleaning a dummy or test device. Keysight Technologies assumes no liability for the customer is failure to comply with these requirements. Please follow the following safety rules.

  • Page 109: Why Is It Important To Clean Optical Devices

    • Soft tissues • Pipe cleaner • Compressed air Dust and shutter caps All Keysight Technologies lightwave instruments are delivered with either laser shutter caps or dust caps on the lightwave adapter. Any cables come with covers to protect the cable ends from damage or contamination.
  • Page 110 Too much pressure may scratch the surface, and could cause your device to become misaligned. It is advisable to rub gently over the surface using only a small circular movement. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 111 The tip and center of the pipe cleaner are made of metal. Avoid accidentally pressing these metal parts against the inside of the device, as this can cause scratches. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 112 Special fiber- scopes are available from suppliers of splicing equipment. Ideally, the light source on your microscope should be very flexible. This will allow you to examine your device closely and from different angles. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 113 Lens cleaning papers Some special lens cleaning papers are not suitable for cleaning optical devices like connectors, interfaces, lenses, mirrors and so on. To be absolutely certain that a cleaning paper is applicable, please ask the salesperson or the manufacturer. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 114: Preserving Connectors

    When you have finished cleaning, put the dust cap back on, or close the shutter cap if the equipment is not going to be used immediately. Always keep the caps on the equipment when it is not in use. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 115: Cleaning Instrument Housings

    If you just want to clean away light dirt, observe the following procedure for all devices. • Use compressed air to blow away large particles. • Clean the device with a dry cotton swab. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 116 Preferred procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions. 1 Clean the connector by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement. 2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 117 1 Moisten a new pipe cleaner with isopropyl alcohol. 2 Clean the interface by pushing and pulling the pipe cleaner into the opening. Rotate the pipe cleaner slowly as you do this. 3 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 118 Lens assemblies consisting of several lenses are not normally sealed. Therefore, use as little alcohol as possible, as it can get between the lenses and in doing so can change the properties of projection. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 119 If there are fluids or oil in the connector, please refer the instrument to the skilled personnel of the Keysight service team. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 120 For instruments with a deeply recessed lens interface (for example the Keysight Technologies 81633A and 81634A Power Sensors) do NOT follow this procedure. Alcohol and compressed air could damage your lens even further. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 121 Keep your dust and shutter caps on when your instrument is not in use. This should prevent it from getting too dirty. If you must clean such instruments, please refer the instrument to the skilled personnel of the Keysight service team. Preferred procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions.
  • Page 122 2 Take a new soft tissue and moisten it with isopropyl alcohol. 3 Carefully clean the bare fiber with this tissue. 4 Make your cleave and immediately insert the fiber into your bare fiber adapter in order to protect the surface from dirt. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 123: Replacing The Fuse

    250V, Keysight part number 2110- 0007). 5 Put the fuse into the fuse holder. 6 Put the fuse and fuse cap into the receptacle in the rear of the case and press it into place. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 125: Troubleshooting

    Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Checking the Operation of the Lightwave Component Analyzer ......... 124 Event Log.

  • Page 126: Checking The Operation Of The Lightwave Component Analyzer

    LCA server. The log file is cleared each time the LCA server is restarted. If you have a problem with the LCA, you can also send the event log file to your Keysight contact person to speed up diagnosis. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 127: Reinstalling And Updating The Software

    Reinstalling and Updating the Software Reinstalling and Updating the Software Backing Up your LCA Data ......126 Reinstalling the LCA Software .

  • Page 128: Backing Up Your Lca Data

    Select the LCA application from the list of programs. c Remove the program. 2 Start the LCA setup software LCAInstaller.msi. 3 Follow the instructions on the screen. We recommend you use the default settings. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 129: Reinstalling The Lca Software

    Note the directory to which the LCA application is installed. 3. The registry script in the next step installs LCA related functions in the first 5 positions of the network analyzers macro setup. Existing macros will be overwritten. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 130 1 Run the network analyzer. 2. Double- click on the “LCA Server” shortcut on the Desktop of the network analyzer. 3. Or start the LCA server by pressing 4 Press Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 131: Definition Of Terms

    Definition of Terms Definition of Terms Definition of Terms....... . 130...
  • Page 132 Conditions: Time period as specified after modulator auto bias (“modulator optimization”) is performed with the selected wavelength. Other conditions as specified. Measurement: Using an average power meter with averaging time set to 1 s. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 133 ‘electrical’). • dBm: power level related to 1 mW (electrical or optical). Differences of powers in dBm are written as “dBo” for optical powers or N O T E “dBe” for electrical powers. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 134 Electrical loss of optical test set The electrical (RF) signal loss of the optical test set between Network Analyzer electrical port and LCA electrical port. LCA set to E/E mode. Conditions: Frequency range as specified. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 135 Other conditions as specified. Measurement: Derived from Phase uncertainty. Maximum linear average input power (optical) The maximum average optical input power at the LCA optical input for which the system specifications apply. Conditions: as specified. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 136 P and the average optical power P in Watts: P – P in dBm: P = 10- log(P / 1mW). mod,dB harmomic oscillation Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 137 Ratio between incident optical power at LCA optical input and reflected optical power, expressed in dBo. Output wavelength Center of gravity wavelength of the signal at LCA optical output. Wavelength is defined as wavelength in vacuum. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 138 • O/E measurement: R is the ratio of electrical response amplitude in Ampere to the Modulated optical power Watt, expressed in A/W. In both cases, responsivity in Decibel (dBm, dBo, dBe) (“dB “ or “dB “) is calculated as 20- log(R). Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 139 Responsivity of an O/E or E/O device may be called conversion efficiency. N O T E For an O/O device, R [dBo] = -(insertion loss [dB]). References “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (“GUM”), BIPM, IEC, ISO et al. (1993) Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 141 Specifications Specifications Definitions ........140 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications .

  • Page 142: Definitions

    Typical values are based on data from a representative set of instruments. General Characteristics Give additional information for using the instrument. These are general descriptive terms that do not imply a level of performance. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 143: Explanation Of Terms

    Minimum Measurable Frequency Response Describes the average measured responsivity when no modulation signal is present at the device under test. This represents the noise floor of the measurement system. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 144: Definition Of Lca Input And Output Names

    Electronic Calibration Module, Keysight N4691B, at constant temperature (± 1 °C) with network analyzer set to –10 dBm electrical output power • Modulator bias optimization set to “every sweep” • Measurement frequency grid equals electrical calibration grid Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 145 This jumper cable must always be used in front to the optical test set to protect the connectors at the optical test set and is required for performance tests. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 146: Transmitter And Receiver Specifications

    Specifications Transmitter and Receiver Specifications Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 147: Specifications For Electro-Optical Measurements At 1310 Nm (E/O Mode)

    Specifications Specifications for Electro-Optical Measurements at 1310 nm (E/O Mode) Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 148: Specifications For Electro-Optical Measurements At 1550 Nm (E/O Mode)

    Specifications Specifications for Electro-Optical Measurements at 1550 nm (E/O Mode) Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 149: Specifications For Opto-Electrical Measurements At 1310 Nm (O/E Mode)

    Specifications Specifications for Opto-Electrical Measurements at 1310 nm (O/E Mode) Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 150: Specifications For Opto-Electrical Measurements At 1550 Nm (O/E Mode)

    Specifications Specifications for Opto-Electrical Measurements at 1550 nm (O/E Mode) Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 151: Specifications For Optical To Optical Measurements At 1310 Nm (O/O Mode)

    Specifications Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1310 nm (O/O Mode) Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 152: Specifications For Optical To Optical Measurements At 1550 Nm (O/O Mode)

    Specifications Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1550 nm (O/O Mode) Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 153: Specifications For Electrical-Electrical Measurements (E/E Mode)

    Specifications Specifications for Electrical-Electrical Measurements (E/E Mode) Group delay uncertainty Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 154: General Characteristics

    Specifications General Characteristics Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 155 Specifications Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 156: Lca Connector Types On The Optical Test Set

    Depending on the selected option (-021 straight, -022 angled), the appropriate adapter jumper cable will be delivered. This jumper cable must always be used in front of the optical test set to protect the connec- tors at the optical test set. Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 157 Specifications For 2-port PNA (Options 22x) Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 158 Specifications For 4-port PNA (Options 42x) Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 159: Regulatory And Warranty Information

    Regulatory and Warranty Information Regulatory and Warranty Information Regulatory Information ......158 Declaration of Conformity......159 Warranty .

  • Page 160: Regulatory Information

    Cet appareil ISM est conforme à la norme NMB- 001 du Canada. Table 1 Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration Acoustic Noise Emission LpA < 50 dB Operator position Normal operation per ISO 7779 Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 161: Declaration Of Conformity

    Regulatory and Warranty Information Declaration of Conformity For latest DoC, please visit the web link: http://www.keysight.com/go/conformity Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 162: Warranty

    , p e r f o r m i n g l i k e n e w , w h e n p r o m i s e d . Y o u w i l l get full value out of your Keysight equipment throughout its lifetime.
  • Page 163 Keysight Open simplifies the process of connecting and programming test systems to help engineers design, validate and manufacture electronic products. Keysight offers open connectivity for a broad range of systemready instruments, open industry software, PC-standard I/O and global support, which are combined to more easily integrate test system development.

  • Page 164: Phone Or Fax

    (fax) (080) 769 0900 Latin America: (tel) (305) 269 7500 Taiwan: (tel) 0800 047 866 (fax) 0800 286 331 Other Asia Pacific Countries: (tel) (65) 6375 8100 (fax) (65) 6755 0042 Email: tm_ap@keysight.com Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 165: Keysight Online Information

    Regulatory and Warranty Information Keysight Online Information: http://www.keysight.com/find/LCA Keysight photonic discussion forum http://www.keysight.com/find/photonic_forum For Network analyzer related literature, please visit: Keysight Network Analyzers: www.keysight.com/find/na Mechanical and Electronic Calibration Kits: www.keysight.com/find/ecal RF Test Accessories, Cabinets, Cables: www.keysight.com/find/accessories Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 167 Ordering Information Ordering Information...
  • Page 168 Ordering Information Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 169 United States (120 V) 8120-1378 8164B-906 Switzerland 8120-2104 8164B-912 Denmark 8120-3997 8164B-917 Republic of South Africa and India 8120-4211 8164B-918 Japan 8120-4753 8164B-919 Israel 8120-5182 8164B-922 China 8120-8376 8164B-927 Brazil and Thailand 8120-8871 Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 171 28 on 67, 73 default parameters 64 radiation symbol 12 optical power disposal 17 safety 15 measuring 104 source class 14 optical- optical, see OO switch 19, 22 opto- electrical, see OE Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 172 30 radiation exposure 13 sweep setup 78 rear panel 24 warning symbols 12 recycling 17 meaning 11 symbol 12 warranty 2, 160 reinstalling 126 wavelength 67, 73 theory of operation 44 Keysight N4375D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 174 This information is subject to change without notice. © Keysight Technologies 2017 Edition 5.0, October 2017 www.keysight.com...

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