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Summary of Contents for Keysight Technologies M937 A PXIe Series
- Page 1 Keysight M937xA PXIe Vector Network Analyzer Modules M9370A, 300 kHz to 4 GHz M9371A, 300 kHz to 6.5 GHz M9372A, 300 kHz to 9 GHz M9373A, 300 kHz to 14 GHz M9374A, 300 kHz to 20 GHz M9375A, 300 kHz to 26.5 GHz Service Guide...
- Page 2 Manual Part Number prime contract or subcontract, Software is delivered and licensed as M9370-90004 “Commercial computer software” as © Keysight Technologies, Inc. defined in DFAR 252.227-7014 (June Print Date 2014-2015 1995), or as a “commercial item” as No part of this manual may be defined in FAR 2.101(a) or as...
- Page 3 Where to Find the Latest Information For the latest information about these products, including the M937xA Help System, instrument software upgrades, application information, and product information, browse to one of the following URLs: http://na.support.keysight.com/pxi http://www.keysight.com/find/pxi To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Keysight Email Updates at the following URL: http://www.keysight.com/find/emailupdates Information on preventing analyzer damage can be found at: http://www.keysight.com/find/tips...
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Page 4: Table Of Contents
Contents 1. General Product Information Information in This Chapter ..........1-1 Chapter 1 at-a-Glance . - Page 5 Contents Non-Standards Compliant Verification ......... 2-11 Preliminary Checks .
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Page 6: General Product Information
General Product Information Information in This Chapter Keysight M937xA PXIe Service Guide General Product Information Information in This Chapter Chapter 1 at-a-Glance Section Title Summary of Content Maintenance Cleaning instructions for the external surfaces of your network analyzer. Hyperlink to online information on connector care. -
Page 7: Maintenance
General Product Information Maintenance Maintenance To prevent electrical shock, remove analyzer module from chassis slot for cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally. Physical To remove dirt or dust from the external case of the network analyzer, clean Maintenance the case using a dry or slightly dampened cloth only. -
Page 8: Keysight Support, Services, And Assistance
Technologies service warranty. There are many other repair and calibration options available from the Keysight Technologies support organization. These options cover a range of service agreements with varying response times. Contact Keysight for additional information on available service agreements for this product. - Page 9 General Product Information Keysight Support, Services, and Assistance - network analyzer serial numbers. The serial number label is located on the side panel of the module. The serial number can also be read from the Soft Front Panel (SFP) interface, after the hardware is installed. - Description of the failure or service required.
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Page 10: Error Terms
General Product Information Error Terms Error Terms Using Error Terms as a Diagnostic Tool By examining error terms, you can monitor system performance for preventive maintenance and troubleshooting purposes. The magnitude and shape of the error terms are affected by: - calibration kit devices - cables - adapters and accessories... -
Page 11: Performing Measurement Calibration
General Product Information Error Terms Performing Measurement Calibration Follow ESD-safe practices when working with the network analyzer. For more information, refer to Chapter 1 in the M937xA Startup Guide, viewable online at http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/M9370-90001.pdf 1. Connect a test cable to Port 2. 2. -
Page 12: Accessing Error Terms
General Product Information Error Terms Figure 1-2 Flowgraph of 2-Port Error Terms Where: E = Error term 1st Subscript: D = Directivity S = Source Match R = Reflection Tracking X = Crosstalk (Isolation) L = Load Match T = Transmission Tracking 2nd Subscript: F = Forward measurement (Port 1 to Port 2) R = Reverse measurement (Port 2 to Port 1) -
Page 13: Manual Access To Error Terms
General Product Information Error Terms Programmatically “GPIB Access to Error Terms” on page 1-8 Manual Access to Error Terms Soft Front Panel Access to Error Terms Ensure the calibration correction is active by making sure that the check box for Correction on/OFF has been selected. To access the error terms from the soft front panel, perform the following steps: 1. -
Page 14: Error Term Data
General Product Information Error Terms Error Term Data The error term descriptions in this section include the following information: - a table of error terms - description and significance of each error term - measurements affected by each error term - typical cause of failure for each error term The same description applies to both the forward (F) and reverse (R) terms. - Page 15 General Product Information Error Terms Directivity (E and E and E are the uncorrected forward and reverse directivity error terms of the system. The directivity error of the test port is determined by measuring the and S reflection of the calibration kit load. The load has a much better return loss specification than does the uncorrected text port.
- Page 16 General Product Information Error Terms Typical Cause of Failure The calibration kit load or a bad “thru” cable is the most common cause of load match specification failure. If the load and “thru” cable performance are independently verified, the analyzer requires repair. Refer to “Shipping Your Network Analyzer for Service or Repair”...
- Page 17 General Product Information Error Terms ) with loads attached to both ports during the measurement calibration. Isolation errors affect transmission measurements primarily where the measured signal level is very low. The measurements most affected by isolation error terms are DUTs with large insertion loss.
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Page 18: Option Enable Utility
General Product Information Option Enable Utility Option Enable Utility Accessing the Option Enable Utility To start the option enable utility: - Click Utility > System > Service > Option Enable. - The dialog box illustrated in Figure 1-3 is displayed. Figure 1-3 Option Enable Dialog Box Enabling or Removing Options... -
Page 19: Changing A Serial Number
General Product Information Option Enable Utility 102 Advanced Features ??? Enter Unlisted Option 3. Click on the option that you wish to either enable or remove, and then click Enable or Remove, whichever is appropriate. 4. If the desired option is not available in the list (unlikely to occur), select Enter Unlisted Option. -
Page 20: Firmware Upgrades
General Product Information Firmware Upgrades Firmware Upgrades How to Check the Current Firmware Version 1. With the Network Analyzer application running, click Help > About Network Analyzer. A dialog box showing the current installed Application Code Version is displayed. 2. To determine if a firmware update is available, proceed to Downloading from the Internet below. -
Page 21: Tests, Adjustments, And Troubleshooting
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Information in This Chapter Keysight M937xA PXIe Service Guide Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Information in This Chapter This chapter contains procedures to help you check, verify, adjust, and troubleshoot your network analyzer. - The checks verify the operation of the assemblies in your network analyzer. - The verification compares the operation of your analyzer to a gold standard. - Page 22 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Information in This Chapter Section Title Summary of Content The Non-Standards Compliant process of verifying your network Non-Standards Compliant Verification analyzer. Performing the Operator’s Check. Preliminary Checks Checking your test cables. NOTE Perform these checks before performing system verification. What the system verification does.
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Page 23: Before You Begin
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Before You Begin Before You Begin Before checking, verifying, or adjusting the analyzer, refer to the following paragraphs to: - get the required Service Test equipment - make sure the operating environment is within its requirements - make sure that proper electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is provided - make sure the analyzer has warmed up properly to achieve system stability - review the principles of connector care... - Page 24 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Before You Begin Equipment Critical Specifications Recommended Alternate Model Model or Part Number Number Test Instruments and Software Published port match N5241A/42A, or None specifications N5221A/22A, or E8363C/64C None specified U3070AK01 None Compression test set None specified U3020AD01 None Dynamic accuracy test set...
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Page 25: Verify The Operating Environment
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Before You Begin Equipment Critical Specifications Recommended Alternate Model Model or Part Number Number Adapters ³ 3.5 mm (-m- to -m-) 83059A P, A Return Loss: 32 dB 85052-60014 ³ 3.5 mm (-f- to -f-) 83059B Return Loss: 32 dB 85052-60012... -
Page 26: Allow The Analyzer To Warm Up
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Before You Begin Allow the Analyzer to Warm Up To achieve the maximum system stability, allow the network analyzer to warm up for at least 15 minutes. Review the Principles of Connector Care For online information on connector care, go to http://na.support.keysight.com/pna/connectorcare/Connector_Care.htm. -
Page 27: About System Verification And Performance Tests
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting About System Verification and Performance Tests About System Verification and Performance Tests The performance of the network analyzer is specified in two ways: system specifications and instrument specifications. It is the end user’s responsibility to determine which set of specifications is applicable to their use of the network analyzer. -
Page 28: Instrument Specifications
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting About System Verification and Performance Tests Instrument Specifications The network analyzer’s instrument specifications are described in the Data Sheet, available online at http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pd f/M9370-90002.pd These specifications apply when the network analyzer is used to make either raw or error-corrected measurements. -
Page 29: Certificate Of Calibration
If you have a measurement application that does not use all of the measurement capabilities of the network analyzer, you may ask your local Keysight Technologies service office to verify only a subset of the specifications. However, this “limited calibration” creates the possibility of making inaccurate measurements if you then use the analyzer in an application requiring additional capabilities. -
Page 30: Ansi/Ncsl Z540.3-2006 And Iso/Iec 17025 Verification
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting ANSI/NCSL Z540.3-2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 Verification ANSI/NCSL Z540.3-2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 Verification To meet the criteria for ANSI/NCSL Z540.3-2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 verification, perform the preliminary checks and all performance tests without stopping to repair or adjust. Refer to Figure 2-1 for test flow. -
Page 31: Non-Standards Compliant Verification
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Non-Standards Compliant Verification Non-Standards Compliant Verification To meet the criteria for non-standards compliant verification, perform the preliminary checks and the performance tests while stopping to troubleshoot. Refer to Figure 2-2 for test flow. Troubleshoot and repair the first problem encountered without continuing to other tests. -
Page 32: Preliminary Checks
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Preliminary Checks Preliminary Checks Preliminary checks include the following: The Operator’s Check The Operator’s Check tests the basic functionality of the source, switches, and receivers in the network analyzer. “The Test Port Cable Checks” on page 2-14 The test port cable checks are not required, but are recommended to verify the performance of the test port cables before performing the verification test. - Page 33 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Preliminary Checks 3. Click Begin. 4. If shorts and opens are not connected to all ports, you will be prompted to connect them as they are needed. 5. The result of the Operator’s Check will be shown as a PASS or FAIL to each test (refer to Figure 2-3).
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Page 34: The Test Port Cable Checks
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Preliminary Checks The Test Port Cable Checks A faulty test port cable can cause a failure in the verification test. The following checks are not required, but are recommended to verify the performance of the test port cable. “Cable Return Loss Check”... - Page 35 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Preliminary Checks Figure 2-4 Typical Cable Return Loss Response If the Cable Return Loss Check Fails 1. Clean the cable and devices and torque to specification. Repeat the check. 2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced. Cable Insertion Loss Check 1.
- Page 36 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Preliminary Checks Figure 2-5 Typical Cable insertion Loss Response If the Cable Insertion Loss Check Fails 1. Clean the cable and devices and torque to specification. Repeat the check. 2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced. Cable Magnitude and Phase Stability Check 1.
- Page 37 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Preliminary Checks d.In the Scale box, set the Scale Per Division for optimum viewing as shown in Figure 2-6. 8. Place a marker on the largest deflection that goes above the reference line and is within the cable’s specified frequency range. For a typical response of cable magnitude and phase stability, see Figure 2-6.
- Page 38 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Preliminary Checks a.Click the check box for Average ON. b.Select an Averaging Factor of 100. c.Use the default Average Type selection of Sweep. d.Click OK. 5. Wait for the analyzer to average the measurement 100 times (approximately five seconds).
- Page 39 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Preliminary Checks Figure 2-7 Typical Cable Connector Repeatability Response If the Cable Connector Repeatability Check Fails 1. Clean the cable and devices and torque to specification. Repeat the check. 2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced. Keysight M937xA PXIe Service Guide 2-19...
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Page 40: System Verification
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting System Verification System Verification System verification is used to verify system-level, error-corrected uncertainty limits for network analyzer measurements. The verification procedure is automated and is contained in the firmware of the network analyzer. The device data provided with the verification kit has a traceable path to a national standard. - Page 41 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting System Verification - reflection and transmission frequency tracking, and - isolation (crosstalk) The random errors include: - noise - drift - connector repeatability - test cable stability A complete description of system errors and how they affect measurements is provided in the network analyzer’s Help system (search for Measurement Errors).
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Page 42: Measurement Traceability
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting System Verification Measurement Traceability To establish a measurement traceability path to a national standard for a network analyzer system, the overall system performance is verified through the measurement of devices that have a traceable path. This is accomplished by measuring the devices in a Keysight verification kit. -
Page 43: Performing System Verification
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting System Verification Performing System Verification The following verification procedure is automated by the network analyzer firmware. The process for the verification is: - connect cables to the analyzer test ports - perform a calibration or recall a recent calibration - run the system verification program for the verification devices Each time through the verification process, you are prompted to make necessary connections and perform or recall a calibration as part of performing... - Page 44 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting System Verification Cable Substitution The test port cables specified for the network analyzer system have been characterized for connector repeatability, magnitude and phase stability with flexing, return loss, insertion loss, and aging rate. Since test port cable performance is a significant contributor to the system performance, cables of lower performance will increase the uncertainty of your measurement.
- Page 45 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting System Verification Figure 2-9 System Verification Dialog Box 5. In the Select Calibration Kit box, click on the calibration kit or electronic calibration module (ECal) being used. The corresponding verification kit to use is selected for you and displayed in the Compatible Verification Kit(s) box.
- Page 46 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting System Verification 7. To modify the number of ports to be verified or to change the number of devices to measure, click on the Configure tab and make the desired selections. 8. Click Run. 9. Follow the instructions for performing a full calibration or recalling an existing recent calibration.
- Page 47 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting System Verification Figure 2-10 System Verification Failure Flowchart Keysight M937xA PXIe Service Guide 2-27...
- Page 48 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting System Verification Interpreting the Verification Results Figure 2-11 shows an example of typical verification results with Print Tabular Data selected in the Output area of the System Verification dialog box. At the top of the printed output is the name of the device, the serial number of the device, and the date tested.
- Page 49 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting System Verification - Results of the measurements. Labeled as A in Figure 2-12. - Data measured at the factory from the verification kit. Labeled as B in Figure 2-12. - Upper and lower limit points as defined by the total system uncertainty system.
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Page 50: Performance Tests
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests Performance Tests The performance tests verify the electrical performance of your network analyzer. These performance tests are included in the analyzer’s firmware with Option 897 or Option 898. Your analyzer is automatically configured for each individual test. -
Page 51: Source Power Accuracy Test
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests Source Power Accuracy Test Function of the Test To confirm the accuracy of the source output power of your network analyzer over its full frequency range. Specification Tested Test Port Output – Power Level Accuracy Equipment Used - Components for the PNAasPowerMeter PNA (N5241A/42A, or N5221A/22A, or E8363C/64C... - Page 52 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests If the Analyzer Fails this Test - Perform the “Source Adjustment” on page 2-46 and repeat this test. - If the analyzer still fails this test, return it to Keysight for repair. Refer to “Shipping Your Network Analyzer for Service or Repair”...
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Page 53: Source Maximum Power Output Test
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests Source Maximum Power Output Test Function of the Test To confirm the maximum source output power of your network analyzer over its full frequency range. Specification Tested Test Port Output – Maximum Leveled Power Equipment Used - Components for the PNAasPowerMeter —... - Page 54 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests If the Analyzer Fails this Test - If the analyzer fails this test, return it to Keysight for repair. Refer to “Shipping Your Network Analyzer for Service or Repair” on page 1-3. 2-34 Keysight M937xA PXIe Service Guide...
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Page 55: Source Power Linearity Test
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests Source Power Linearity Test Function of the Test To verify that the power level is linear over the analyzer’s frequency range and to check the linearity of the automatic leveling control (ALC). Specification Tested Power Sweep Range and Power Level Linearity Equipment Used - Test cable... -
Page 56: Frequency Accuracy Test
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests Frequency Accuracy Test Function of the Test To verify the frequency accuracy and range of the analyzer’s source output. Specification Tested Test Port Output – CW Accuracy Equipment Used - Frequency counter - Test cable - Any necessary adapters Description of the Test This test is performed at key frequencies over the frequency range of the... -
Page 57: Trace Noise Test
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests Trace Noise Test Function of the Test To confirm the stability of a signal in the internal source and receiver system of your analyzer. Specification Tested Test Port Input – Trace Noise Magnitude and Trace Noise Phase Equipment Used - A test cable - Any necessary adapters... -
Page 58: Receiver Compression Test
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests Receiver Compression Test Function of the Test To measure the compression at the analyzer’s specified maximum power level for the receivers. Specification Tested Test Port Input – Maximum Test Port Input Level Equipment Used - U3070AK01 Compression Test Set - Two 3.5 mm (-m- to -f-) test cables - Two 11901A 2.4 mm (-m-) to 3.5 mm (-m-) adapters... - Page 59 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests 3. Connect the other 11901A 2.4 mm to 3.5 mm adapter to a 3.5 mm test cable, then connect the adapter end of the cable to the compression test set output port. 4. The analyzer is Preset. The two compression test set output attenuators are set to 0 dB.
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Page 60: Noise Floor Test
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests Noise Floor Test Function of the Test To measure the absolute power level of the noise floor for the receivers. Specification Tested Test Port Input – Maximum Test Port Noise Floor Equipment Used - 3.5 mm (-m- to -f-) test cable - 83059A 3.5 mm (-m- to -m-) adapter - 10 dB attenuator - 50 ohm loads (available in a mechanical calibration kit) - Page 61 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests 4. Connect the 83059A (-m- to -m-) adapter to the 3.5 mm (-m- to -f-) test cable. 5. Connect a 10 dB attenuator to the other end of the test cable. 6. Connect the adapter end of the test cable to the M937xA Port 1. 7.
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Page 62: Calibration Coefficients Test
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests Calibration Coefficients Test Function of the Test To verify the uncorrected calibration coefficients of your analyzer. The calibration coefficients are specified at the test port without any cables, so calibrations must be performed in both the forward and reverse directions to eliminate the effects of the test cable. -
Page 63: Dynamic Accuracy Test
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests Dynamic Accuracy Test Function of the Test To measure the relative power linearity of the analyzer’s receivers. Specification Tested Test Port Input – Dynamic Accuracy Equipment Used - U3020AD01 dynamic accuracy test set - Signal generator - U8485A USB Thermocouple Power Sensor (or N8485A power sensor with N1914A power meter - Two test cables... - Page 64 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Performance Tests 7. The test set’s output attenuator is changed in 5 dB steps from 0 to 60 dB, and this measurement is repeated. 8. With the 1 dB of overlap in each measurement, the data for each attenuator setting can be stitched together to provide a complete receiver linearity profile from +3 dBm to –63 dBm.
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Page 65: Adjustments
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Adjustments Adjustments These adjustments are firmware-driven tests that are used to fine-tune your analyzer. If multiple adjustments are to be performed, perform them in the order listed. 10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment Source Adjustment Receiver Adjustment 10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment The 10 MHz frequency adjustment is used to adjust the frequency accuracy of the network analyzer’s 10 MHz frequency reference. -
Page 66: Source Adjustment
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Adjustments Source Adjustment The source calibration is used to adjust your network analyzer for a flat source power across its full frequency range. There are differences between each test port; therefore, an adjustment is required for each port. Equipment Used for the Source Adjustment Equipment Type Model or Part Number... -
Page 67: Receiver Adjustment
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Adjustments Receiver Adjustment The receiver calibration is used to adjust your network analyzer for a flat response across its full frequency range: 1. A USB power sensor is connected to analyzer Port 1 to establish a reference for flatness. -
Page 68: Troubleshooting
Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Where you begin troubleshooting depends upon the symptoms of the failure. Start by checking the basics as outlined in the following section. Check the Basics PXI hardware does not support “hot-swap” (changing network analyzer modules while power is applied to the chassis) capabilities. - Page 69 Tests, Adjustments, and Troubleshooting Troubleshooting 8. If the problem is thought to be due to firmware, check to see if the instrument has the latest firmware before troubleshooting further. Check for firmware updates at: http://na.support.keysight.com/pxi/firmware. 9. Perform the “The Operator’s Check” on page 2-12 “System Verification Procedure”...
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Page 70: Replaceable Parts And Connector Replacement Procedure
Replaceable Parts and Connector Replacement Procedure Information in This Chapter Keysight M937xA PXIe Service Guide Replaceable Parts and Connector Replacement Procedure Information in This Chapter Chapter 3 at-a-Glance Section Title Summary of Content Replaceable Parts Replaceable parts for your network analyzer. Connector Replacement A procedure for replacing 3.5 mm or SMA connectors. -
Page 71: Replaceable Parts
Replaceable Parts and Connector Replacement Procedure Replaceable Parts Replaceable Parts The following table is a list of semi-rigid cables that are available for purchase. For purchasing information, refer to “Contacting Keysight” on page 1-3. Cable Description Connector Type Part Number RF, LO jumper cable ... -
Page 72: Connector Replacement Procedure
Replaceable Parts and Connector Replacement Procedure Connector Replacement Procedure Connector Replacement Procedure Parts Required Refer to “Replaceable Parts” on page 3-2. - SMA or 3.5 mm connectors - Nuts for connectors Tools Required Refer to “Replaceable Parts” on page 3-2. - “Spark plug”... -
Page 73: Replacement Procedure
Replaceable Parts and Connector Replacement Procedure Connector Replacement Procedure 4. Use the torque wrench to remove the connector. Refer to Figure 3-2. Figure 3-2 Removing the Connector Replacement Procedure 1. Reverse the order of the removal procedure. Be careful to install the nut with the slots facing outward. 2. - Page 74 Index Numerics 10 MHz frequency reference Help system receiver adjustment 2-47 adjustment receiver compression test 2-45 2-38 reflection tracking error terms information, where to find 1-11 removing options accessing error terms the latest 1-13 repair, connector adjustments installing a serial number 2-45 replaceable parts ANSI/NCSL Z540.3-2006...
- Page 75 URLs for product information using error terms as a diagnostic tool verification ANSI/NCSL Z540.3-2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 2-10 non-standards compliant 2-11 Where to find the latest information Keysight M937xA PXIe Service Guide...
- Page 76 This information is subject to change without notice. © Keysight Technologies 2014 – 2015 July 2015 M9370-90004 M9370-90004 www.keysight.com...
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