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7.9
Formulas
Reflector types
Technical Data
Reduction Formulas
b
a
TS_110
The instrument calculates the slope distance, horizontal distance, height differ-
ence in accordance with the following formulas:
= D 0 · ( 1 + ppm · 10
002425_002
Displayed slope distance [m]
D
Uncorrected distance [m]
0
ppm
Atmospheric scale correction [mm/km]
AC
Additive constant of the reflector [m]
= Y - A · X · Y
TS_112
2
= X + B · Y
TS_113
Horizontal distance [m]
Height difference [m]
Y
* |sinz|
X
* cosz
z
Vertical circle reading
A
(1 - k / 2) / R = 1.47 * 10
B
(1 - k) / (2 * R) = 6.83 * 10
k
0.13 (mean refraction coefficient)
R
6
6.378 * 10
m (radius of the earth)
Earth curvature (1/R) and mean refraction coefficient (k) are automatically
taken into account when calculating the horizontal distance and height differ-
ence. The calculated horizontal distance relates to the station height and not
to the reflector height.
The reduction formulas are valid for measurements to all reflector types:
•
To prisms
To reflector tape
•
Reflectorless measurements
•
c
a
b
c
-6
) + AC
-7
-1
[m
]
-8
-1
[m
]
Mean Sea Level
Instrument
Reflector
Slope distance
Horizontal distance
Height difference
67
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