Tektronix CSA7404B User Manual
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Tektronix CSA7404B User Manual

Communications signal analyzers, digital phosphor oscilloscopes
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Table of Contents

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Download this manual See also: Service Manual
User Manual
CSA7404B
Communications Signal Analyzers,
TDS7704B, TDS7404B, TDS7254B & TDS7154B
Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes
071-1226-03
This document supports firmware version 4.0.3
and above.
www.tektronix.com

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  • Page 1 User Manual CSA7404B Communications Signal Analyzers, TDS7704B, TDS7404B, TDS7254B & TDS7154B Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes 071-1226-03 This document supports firmware version 4.0.3 and above. www.tektronix.com...
  • Page 2 Copyright © Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its suppliers and are protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013, or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of the...
  • Page 3 WARRANTY Tektronix warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. If this product proves defective during its warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, will either repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents General Safety Summary ........Preface .
  • Page 6 Table of Contents Front-Panel Map - - Quick Access to Most Often Used Features ..2- -7 Display Map - - Single Graticule ......2- -8 Front Panel I/O Map .
  • Page 7 Table of Contents Optical Bandwidth ..........3- - 60 Bandwidth for Unfiltered Settings .
  • Page 8 Table of Contents Measuring Waveforms ........3- -139 Taking Automatic Measurements .
  • Page 9 Table of Contents Printing Waveforms ..........3- - 250 To Print from Front Panel .
  • Page 10 Table of Contents Appendix D: Cleaning ........D- -1 Exterior Cleaning .
  • Page 11 Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 1- -1: Locations of peripheral connectors on rear panel ..1- -8 Figure 1- -2: Powering on the instrument ..... . . 1- -10 Figure 1- -3: Removing the hard drive .
  • Page 12 Table of Contents Figure 3- -18: Optical-to-Electrical converter and recovered clock and data connectors ........3- -56 Figure 3- -19: Using the O/E Electrical Out-to-Ch1 Input adapter 3- -57...
  • Page 13 Table of Contents Figure 3- -52: Example of the effects of setting the phase suppression threshold ..........3- -191 Figure 3- -53: Windowing the time domain record .
  • Page 14 Table of Contents List of Tables Table 1- -1: Additional accessory connection information ..1- -9 Table 1- -2: Line fuses ........1- -9 Table 1- -3: Vertical settings .
  • Page 15 Table of Contents Table B- -2: Comm measurements and their definition ... B- -4 Table B- -3: Supported measurements and their definition ..B- -9 Table C- -1: File menu commands .
  • Page 16 Table of Contents CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 17: General Safety Summary

    General Safety Summary Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as specified. Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures. While using this product, you may need to access other parts of the system.
  • Page 18 General Safety Summary Symbols and Terms Terms in this Manual. These terms may appear in this manual: WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life. CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property.

  • Page 19: Preface

    Preface This user manual covers the following information: H Describes the capabilities of the instrument, how to install it and how to reinstall its software H Explains how to operate the instrument: how to control acquisition of, processing of, and input/output of information H Lists specifications and accessories of the instrument About This Manual This manual is composed of the following chapters:...

  • Page 20: Related Manuals And Online Documents

    Preface Related Manuals and Online Documents This manual is part of a document set of standard-accessory manuals and online documentation; this manual mainly focuses on installation, background, and user information needed to use the product features. See the following list for other documents supporting instrument operation and service.

  • Page 21: Product Description

    H Accessories & Options lists the standard and optional accessories for this product. Models This manual supports the following instruments: H CSA7404B Communications Signal Analyzer H TDS7704B Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope H TDS7404B Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope H TDS7254B Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope H TDS7154B Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope Differences between the instruments will be called out when necessary.
  • Page 22 Product Description H Record lengths up to 64,000,000 samples, depending on model and option H Fast acquisition at up to 400,000 acquisitions per second for analog instrument emulation and isolation of data-dependent failures during conformance/performance testing and for examination of very low-level signals in pseudo-random bit streams H CSA7000B Series: Communication signal analysis, serial mask testing, serial pattern triggering, and triggering on communications signals.

  • Page 23: Product Software

    Occasionally new versions of software for your instrument may become available at our web site. See Contacting Tektronix on the back of the title page. Software Upgrade Tektronix may offer software upgrade kits for the instrument. Contact your Tektronix service representative for more information (see Contacting Tektronix on the back of the title page).
  • Page 24 Product Description 1- 4 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 25: Installation

    Installation This chapter covers installation of the instrument, addressing the following topics: H Unpacking on page 1- -5 H Checking the Environment Requirements on page 1- -6 H Connecting Peripherals on page 1- -7 H Powering On the Instrument on page 1- -9 H Shutting Down the Instrument on page 1- -10 H Backing Up User Files on page 1- -11 H Installing Software on page 1- -13...

  • Page 26: Checking The Environment Requirements

    Installation H The compact discs that include copies of the software installed on the instrument and additional support software that may be useful to you: the Operating System Restore, Product Software, and Optional Applications Software. Store the product software in a safe location where you can easily retrieve it.

  • Page 27: Connecting Peripherals

    Installation Operating Requirements The Specifications in Appendix A list the operating requirements for the instrument. Power source, temperature, humidity, and altitude are listed. Connecting Peripherals The peripheral connections are the same as those you would make on a personal computer. The connection points are shown in Figure 1- -1. See Table 1- -1 on page 1- -9 for additional connection information.

  • Page 28: Figure 1- 1: Locations Of Peripheral Connectors On Rear Panel

    Installation Description Icon/Label Locations Mouse ....Keyboard ....RS-232 ..Printer .

  • Page 29: Powering On The Instrument

    Table 1- 2: Line fuses Line voltage Description Part number 100 V to 250 V operation UL198G and CSA C22.2, No. Tektronix 159-0046-00 59, fast acting: 8 A, 250 V Bussman ABC-8 Littelfuse 314008 IEC127, sheet 1, fast acting Tektronix 159-0381-00 “F”, high breaking capacity:...

  • Page 30: Shutting Down The Instrument

    Installation Rear panel Front panel Turn on Check the Connect the If needed, push the On/Standby the power. fuses. power cord. switch to power on the instrument. Figure 1- 2: Powering on the instrument Shutting Down the Instrument When you push the front-panel On/Standby switch, the instrument starts a shutdown process (including a Windows shutdown) to preserve settings and then removes power from most circuitry in the instrument.

  • Page 31: Backing Up User Files

    Installation Backing Up User Files You should always back up your user files on a regular basis. Use the Back Up tool to back up files stored on the hard disk. The Back Up tool is located in the System Tools folder in the Accessories folder. 1.

  • Page 32: Reinstalling The Removable Hard Drive

    Installation Loosen thumb screws Remove the hard disk drive Figure 1- 3: Removing the hard drive Reinstalling the Removable Hard Drive To reinstall the hard drive follow these steps. See Figure 1- -4 on page 1- -13: 1. Verify that the instrument is powered off. 2.

  • Page 33: Installing Software

    Installation Tighten the thumbscrews Push the hard disk drive straight in Figure 1- 4: Reinstalling the hard drive Installing Software The instrument system and application software is preinstalled at the factory. If you have to reinstall the software for any reason, refer to the instructions that accompany the CDs that are shipped with the instrument.
  • Page 34 You can then purchase an upgrade from Tektronix if you decide that you want to continue to use the application. Refer to the instructions that accompany the CD for installation information.
  • Page 35 Some options contain software that must be installed and/or enabled. To do the installation, follow the specific instructions that come with the option. Tektronix provides a key that you must enter (one time) to enable all the options that you have purchased for your instrument. To enter the key, select Option Installation in the Utilities menu, and then follow the on-screen instructions.

  • Page 36: Enabling Or Disabling Your Lan And Connecting To A Network

    Installation Enabling or Disabling Your LAN and Connecting to a Network You can connect the instrument to a network to enable printing, file sharing, internet access, and other communications functions. Before you make the connection, do the following steps to enable (the default) network access to the instrument: Front panel Rear panel...

  • Page 37: Setting Up A Dual Display

    Installation 7. Use the arrow down key to highlight Onboard LAN in the Peripheral Configuration screen, and then press Enter. 8. Use the arrow up or down key to highlight Enabled, and then press Enter. 9. Press the F10 key to save and exit. Confirm the Save of Configuration changes when you are prompted on screen.

  • Page 38: Figure 1- 6: Setting Up A Dual Display

    Installation Use the On/Standby switch to power down. Connect a keyboard and mouse. Connect an external monitor. Power on Power on Figure 1- 6: Setting up a dual display 6. The instrument should detect that the new monitor was connected. Follow the instructions, if any, on the instrument display to install new drivers for the monitor.

  • Page 39: Figure 1- 7: Drag Area For Windows Task Bar

    Installation CAUTION. Do not change the resolution or color settings for the internal LCD monitor. The internal resolution must be 1024 x 768 and the color setting must be True Color (24 bit). 11. Select OK to apply the settings. Select Yes to restart your instrument. After the instrument restarts, the new monitor will display additional desktop area.
  • Page 40 Installation 4. If you use the instrument help system, you can drag the help windows to the external monitor so that you can read them while you operate the instrument. 5. When you open any Windows application, drag the windows from the application to the external monitor.

  • Page 41: Incoming Inspection

    If the instrument fails any test within this section, it may need service. To contact Tektronix for service, see Contacting Tektronix on the back of the title page. Make sure you have put the instrument into service as detailed in Installation starting on page 1- -5.

  • Page 42: Self Tests

    Incoming Inspection Self Tests This procedure uses internal routines to verify that the instrument functions and was adjusted properly. No test equipment or hookups are required. Equipment None required Prerequisites Power on the instrument and allow a 20 minute warm-up before doing this procedure.

  • Page 43: Functional Tests

    Incoming Inspection g. Confirm signal-path compensation returns passed status: Verify that the word Pass appears in the instrument calibration control window. 2. Return to regular service: Touch the Close button to exit the instrument calibration control window. Functional Tests The purpose of these procedures is to confirm that the instrument functions properly.

  • Page 44: Figure 1- -9: Universal Test Hookup For Functional Tests - - Ch

    Incoming Inspection NOTE. If a probe is not available, connect the probe compensation output to the channel input using a BNC cable and adapters. 3. Turn off all channels: If any of the front-panel channel buttons are lighted, push those buttons to turn off the displayed channels. See Figure 1- -10. 4.

  • Page 45: Figure 1- 10: Channel Button Location

    Incoming Inspection Channel buttons Figure 1- 10: Channel button location 5. Set up the instrument: H Push the front-panel AUTOSET button. This sets the horizontal and vertical scale and vertical offset for a usable display and sets the trigger source to the channel that you are testing. H Touch the Vert button and then touch Offset.

  • Page 46: Check Horizontal Operation

    Incoming Inspection 7. Verify that the channel acquires in all acquisition modes: From the Horiz/Acq menu, select Horizontal/Acquisition Setup ..Touch the Acquisition tab in the control window that displays. Touch each of the acquisition modes and confirm that the following statements are true (see Using the Acquisition Controls on page 3- -24 for more information): H Sample mode displays an actively acquiring waveform on-screen.

  • Page 47: Figure 1- 11: Setup For Time Base Test

    Incoming Inspection Instrument under test BNC cable from PROBE COMPENSATION output to CH 1 input Figure 1- 11: Setup for time base test 3. Set up the instrument: Push the front-panel AUTOSET button. 4. Touch the Vert button and then touch Offset. Adjust the Ch1 Offset to - -0.25 V using the multipurpose knob.

  • Page 48: Check Trigger Operation

    Incoming Inspection H From the Horiz/Acq menu, select Horizontal/Acquisition Setup ..H Touch the Horizontal tab in the displayed control window. H Touch the Delay Mode button to turn delay on. H Double-touch the Horiz Delay control in the control window to display the pop-up keypad.

  • Page 49: Figure 1- 12: Setup For Trigger Test

    Incoming Inspection Instrument under test BNC cable from PROBE COMPENSATION output to CH 1 input Figure 1- 12: Setup for trigger test 4. Touch the Vert button, and then touch Offset. Adjust the Ch1 Offset to - -0.25 V using the multipurpose knob. 5.

  • Page 50: Check File System

    Incoming Inspection c. Verify the delayed trigger counter: H Touch the TRIGGER MODE button to set the mode to NORM. H Double-touch the Trig Delay control to pop up a numeric keypad for that control. H Touch the keypad to enter a trigger delay time of 1 second, and then touch Enter.
  • Page 51 Incoming Inspection 6. Set the Vertical SCALE to 100 mV per division. 7. Set the time base: Set the horizontal SCALE to 1 ms/div. The time-base readout is displayed at the bottom of the graticule. 8. Save the settings: a. Pull down the File menu to select Instrument Setup ..This displays the instrument setups control window.

  • Page 52: Perform The Extended Diagnostics

    Incoming Inspection Perform the Extended Diagnostics Extended diagnostics and self calibration perform a more detailed functionality check than the incoming inspection and Power-on diagnostics. NOTE. Allow a 20-minute warm-up before running the self calibration. Disconnect any attached probes from the instrument. Then select the Utilities menu.

  • Page 53: Accessories & Options

    Accessories & Options This section lists the standard and optional accessories available for the instrument, as well as the product options. Options The following options can be ordered for the instrument: Table 1- 4: Options Option Description K4000 Instrument Cart Rack Mount Kit (includes: hardware and instructions for converting to rackmount configura- tion) Front-panel removable hard disk drive.

  • Page 54: Accessories 1

    Add one TCA-1MEG TekConnect high-impedance buffer amplifier Field upgrades CSA7BUP Many are available. Contact Tektronix (see the back of the title page) for a complete list of available CSA7UP options. TDS7BUP Many are available. Contact Tektronix (see the back of the title page) for a complete list of available TDS7UP options.

  • Page 55: Accessories

    Performance Verification (a pdf file on the Product Software CD) —— Programmer Online Guide (files on the Product Software CD) —— NIST, Z540-1, and ISO9000 Calibration Certificate —— Four TekConnect-to-SMA adapters, TDS7704B, CSA7404B, & TCA-SMA TDS7404B TCA-BNC Four TekConnect-to-BNC adapters, TDS7254B & TDS7154B TCA-1MEG Two TekConnect high-impedance buffer amplifiers, includes 2 P6139A 500 MHz 10x passive probes, TDS7254B &...

  • Page 56: Table 1- 6: Optional Accessories

    Click’N Burn Software CD 063-3575-xx Optional The accessories in Table 1- -6 are orderable for use with the instrument at the time this manual was originally published. Consult a current Tektronix catalog for additions, changes, and details. Table 1- 6: Optional accessories Accessory...
  • Page 57 Accessories & Options Table 1- 6: Optional accessories (Cont.) Accessory Part number P6015A high voltage probe P6015A ADA400A differential preamplifier ADA400A CT1 1 GHz current probe CT6 2 GHz current probe AM503S DC/AC current measurement system AM503S P7260 6 GHz 5X/25X active probe P7260 P6150 9 GHz/3 GHz low capacitance divider probe P6150...
  • Page 58 Accessories & Options Table 1- 6: Optional accessories (Cont.) Accessory Part number Optical Connector Adapters, CSA7404B Optical Connector Adapters, CSA7404B FC/PC FC/PC 119-5115-00 119-5115-00 SC/PC SC/PC 119 5116 00 119-5116-00 ST/PC ST/PC 119 4513 00 119-4513-00 DIN/PC 47256 119-4546-00 Diamond 2.5 Diamond 2.5...

  • Page 59: Operational Maps

    Operational Maps This chapter acquaints you with how the instrument functions and operates. It consists of several maps that describe the system, its operation, and its documen- tation: H Documentation Map, on page 2- -2, lists the documentation that supports the instrument.

  • Page 60: Documentation Map

    Documentation Map This instrument ships with documents individually tailored to address different aspects or parts of the product features and interface. The table below cross references each document to the instrument features and interfaces it supports. To read about… Refer to these documents: Description Installation, Specification, &...

  • Page 61: System Overview Maps

    System Overview Maps The instrument is a highly capable waveform acquisition, test, and measurement system. The following model provides background information on its operation, which, in turn, may provide you insight on how the instrument can be used. Functional Model Map Signal Processing Output &...
  • Page 62 System Overview Maps H Timebase System. Tells the Acquisition system to start an acquisition cycle (that is, to convert from analog to digital). In more general terms, synchronizes the capturing of digital samples in the Acquisition system to the trigger events generated from the Trigger system. H Acquisition System.

  • Page 63: Process Overview Map

    System Overview Maps Process Overview Map Process Overview Process Block Description The instrument starts in the idle state; it enters this state Idling. . . Reset upon power up, upon receiving most control setting changes, Abort or upon finishing acquisition tasks. Power on Power down Implement...

  • Page 64: User Interface Map - - Complete Control And Display

    User Interface Map - - Complete Control and Display Menu Bar: Access to data I/O, printing, online help system, and instrument functions here Buttons/Menu. Touch to Status Bar: Display of toggle between toolbar acquisition status, mode, and and menu bar modes number of acquisitions;...

  • Page 65: Front-Panel Map - - Quick Access To Most Often Used Features

    Front-Panel Map - - Quick Access to Most Often Used Features Use these buttons to start and stop acquisition or start a single acquisition sequence. The ARM, READY, and TRIG’D lights show the acquisition status. Page 3- - 72. Turn knob to adjust waveform intensity. Page 3- - 46. Push button to turn Fast Acquisition on or off.

  • Page 66: Display Map - - Single Graticule

    Display Map - - Single Graticule Drag icon to change the trigger level Drag cursors to measure waveforms on screen Drag the position icons to reposition a waveform Click icon to assign multipurpose knobs to waveform vertical position and scale Drag across the waveform area to zoom the boxed waveform segment.

  • Page 67: Front Panel I/O Map

    Front Panel I/O Map CSA7000B Series Floppy disk drive Probe compensation Ground terminal output Recovered clock output Recovered data output Channel Optical input inputs O/E converter electrical output TDS7000B Series Probe compensation Ground terminal output Auxiliary trigger input Channel Auxiliary trigger output inputs CH 3 SIGNAL OUTPUT;...

  • Page 68: Rear Panel I/O Map

    Rear Panel I/O Map Removable hard disk drive to provide individual environment for each user or to secure data. Loosen thumb screws and pull to release CD-RW drive accessible from Windows. Press to open Connectors for speaker and microphone USB connector for mouse or keyboard and mouse PS-2 connectors for mouse and keyboard RJ-45 connector to connect to network...

  • Page 69: Overview

    Overview This chapter describes in depth how the many features of the instrument operate. Please note the following points on using this chapter: H Each section in this chapter provides background information needed to operate your instrument effectively as well as the higher-level procedures for accessing and using the features.
  • Page 70 Overview Tasks or topics Subtasks or subtopics Section title Contents Page no. Signal Input Acquiring waveforms Acquiring Waveforms Overview of section contents 3- - 7 Signal Connection and Overview of signal connection and 3- - 8 Conditioning conditioning techniques and setups To Set Up Signal Input Setting up signal input 3- - 12...
  • Page 71 Overview Tasks or topics Subtasks or subtopics Section title Contents Page no. Signal Input Triggering waveforms Triggering Background on basic trigger operation 3- - 63 Triggering Concepts Background on triggering concepts 3- - 64 Triggering From the Front Using the front-panel edge trigger controls 3- - 68 Panel Access Procedures Setting up triggers with front-panel...
  • Page 72 Overview Tasks or topics Subtasks or subtopics Section title Contents Page no. Display Features Using the Display Displaying Waveforms Using display features and customizing 3- - 119 the display Using the Waveform Overview of display features and setup of 3- - 119 Display the display To Display Waveforms in...
  • Page 73 Overview Tasks or topics Subtasks or subtopics Section title Contents Page no. Data Processing Taking Measurements To Connect the Probe Connecting the probe calibration and 3- - 162 (Calculation) (Cont.) Calibration Fixture deskew fixture to the instrument (Cont ) (Cont.) To Calibrate Probes Improving measurement accuracy by 3- - 162...
  • Page 74 Overview Tasks or topics Subtasks or subtopics Section title Contents Page no. Data Input and All uploading and down- Data Input/Output Primary reference for uploading and 3- - 221 Output loading of waveforms, downloading of any data to or from the calculation results, and instrument other data...

  • Page 75: Acquiring Waveforms

    Acquiring Waveforms Before you can do anything (display, print, measure, analyze, or otherwise process) to a waveform, you must acquire the signal. This instrument comes equipped with the features that you need for capturing your waveforms before further processing them according to your requirements. The following topics cover capturing signals and digitizing them into waveform records: H Signal Connection and Conditioning: How to connect waveforms to the instrument channels;...

  • Page 76: Signal Connection And Conditioning

    Acquiring Waveforms NOTE. This section describes how the vertical and horizontal controls define the acquisition of live waveforms. These controls also define how all waveforms are displayed, both live and derived waveforms (math waveforms, reference waveforms, and so on). The sections that follow cover display-related usage: H Displaying Waveforms on page 3- -119.

  • Page 77: Connecting And Conditioning Your Signals 3

    SMA cables to characterize a device. The connection to the instrument depends on your application. Tektronix provides a variety of probes and cables for this product. For a list of probes available for use, see Accessories and Options on page 1- -33. You can also check your Tektronix catalog for connection accessories that may support your application.
  • Page 78 Acquiring Waveforms Coupling. All instruments and probes specify a maximum signal level. (See Specifications in your user manuals for exact limits.) CAUTION. Exceeding the maximum limit, even momentarily, may damage the input channel. Use external attenuators, if necessary, to prevent exceeding the limits.
  • Page 79 Acquiring Waveforms H Set horizontal scale, position, and resolution (record length) so that the acquired waveform record includes the waveform attributes of interest with good sampling density on the waveform. The settings that you make define the horizontal acquisition window (see Horizontal Acquisition Window Considerations on page 3- -20).

  • Page 80: To Set Up Signal Input

    Acquiring Waveforms To Set Up Signal Input Use the procedure that follows when setting up the instrument to scale and position input signals for acquisition. For more information, display online help while performing the procedure. Overview To set up signal input Related control elements and resources Prerequisites The acquisition system should be set to run...
  • Page 81 Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set up signal input (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Select input Touch Vert to display the Vertical control window. To change the input coupling, select the channel tab and coupling then select from: DC to couple both the AC and DC components of an input signal GND to disconnect the input signal from the acquisition...
  • Page 82 Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set up signal input (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set horizontal Use horizontal knobs to scale and position the waveform on screen and to set record length. acquisition Dragging the reference icon window also positions the waveform. Scaled horizontally Positioned horizontally The Resolution knob sets the record length.

  • Page 83: To Autoset The Instrument

    Acquiring Waveforms To Autoset the Instrument Autoset automatically sets up the instrument controls (acquisition, display, horizontal, trigger, and vertical) based on the characteristics of the input signal. Autoset is much faster and easier than a manual control-by-control setup. When the input signal is connected, do an autoset to automatically set up the instru- ment: Overview To autoset the instrument...

  • Page 84: To Reset The Instrument

    Acquiring Waveforms NOTE. Autoset may change the vertical position to position the waveform appropriately. It sets vertical offset to 0 V unless an offsetable probe is attached. If you are not using an offsetable probe and your signal contains offset (such as the probe compensation signal), you may need to adjust the Vertical Offset and SCALE to display the signal.

  • Page 85: Input Conditioning Background 3

    Acquiring Waveforms Overview To get more help (Cont.) Control elements and resources Access Touch the Help button in toolbar mode or select Help on Window from the Help menu in menu bar mode. vertical set up help You can also select topics related to the vertical controls from the online help Contents/Index/Find window: select Contents and Index in the Help menu, as shown at right.
  • Page 86 Acquiring Waveforms H Signals with multiple or unstable signal periods H Signals with too low amplitude H No recognizable trigger signal H Signals with a frequency >50 Hz H Signals with a frequency above the bandwidth of the instrument H Signals with high offset and low peak-to-peak variations Vertical Acquisition Window Considerations.

  • Page 87: Figure 3- 2: Setting Vertical Range And Position Of Input Channels

    Acquiring Waveforms H As you vary the vertical position, the vertical acquisition window moves up and down (±5 divisions) on the waveform. With input signals that are smaller than the window, it appears the waveform moves in the window. Actually, the position moves the vertical acquisition window up and down on the input signal.

  • Page 88: Figure 3- 3: Varying Offset Moves The Vertical Acquisition Window On The Waveform

    Acquiring Waveforms H Applying a negative offset moves the vertical range down relative to the DC level of the input signal. Likewise, applying a positive offset moves the vertical range up. See Figure 3- -3. Vertical Window = 100 mV (8 divs X 10 mV /div + (+/- 1 divs of position)) Acquisition window shifts Offset +300 mV positive to capture overshoot...

  • Page 89: Figure 3- 4: Horizontal Acquisition Window Definition

    Acquiring Waveforms H The Horizontal Delay that you set determines the time from the trigger point to the Horizontal Reference. H The horizontal scale and waveform record length (number of samples) that you set determines the horizontal size of the window relative to any waveform, allowing you to scale it to contain a waveform edge, a cycle, or several cycles.
  • Page 90 Acquiring Waveforms 2. Time Duration (seconds) = Sample Interval (seconds/sample) x Record Length (samples), where: Time Duration is the horizontal acquisition window time duration and: Sample Interval (sec/sample) = Resolution (sec/sample) = 1/Sample Rate (samples/sec) In (2) above, note that it is Sample Interval that varies to accommodate the window time duration (and its scale setting) and the Record Length setting as these latter two elements can be set by you.

  • Page 91: Setting Acquisition Controls

    Acquiring Waveforms Independent vs. Shared Window. The instrument applies the same horizontal acquisition window to all channels from which it acquires data. Unlike the vertical acquisition window that you size and offset independently for each channel, the same time/div, resolution (record length), and horizontal position (from the same trigger point) apply to all channels simultaneously.

  • Page 92: Using The Acquisition Controls

    Acquiring Waveforms Vertical Acquisition scale mode Acquisition Input system Horizontal Record Vertical scale length position Roll mode gives a strip chart recorder-like display for low frequency signals. Roll mode lets you see acquired data points without waiting for the acquisition of a complete waveform record.

  • Page 93: Table 3- 1: Additional Resolution Bits

    Acquiring Waveforms H Peak Detect. The instrument alternates between saving the lowest sample in one acquisition interval and the highest sample in the next acquisition interval. This mode only works with real-time, noninterpolated sampling. H Hi Res. The instrument creates a record point by averaging all samples taken during an acquisition interval.
  • Page 94 Acquiring Waveforms Table 3- 1: Additional resolution bits (Cont.) Theoretical en- Resulting effective Sample Rate (S/s) Nd (extra samples) hancement (bits) bits 5.00E+06 2.50E+02 3.98 9.98 1.00E+07 1.25E+02 3.48 9.48 2.50E+07 5.00E+01 2.82 8.82 5.00E+07 2.50E+01 2.32 8.32 1.00E+08 1.25E+01 1.82 7.82 2.50E+08...
  • Page 95 Acquiring Waveforms measurements derived from the database use statistical techniques to produce more stable, accurate results. If you select Infinite Persistence, the counts accumulate continuously. Samples sets the minimum number of samples required to complete a single acquisition sequence and the minimum number of samples required to complete a mask test.

  • Page 96: Figure 3- 6: Roll Mode

    Acquiring Waveforms H Single Sequence. In addition to the Run/Stop Button, which can always stop an acquisition, the SINGLE button (or Single Sequence control) will automatically stop acquisition when one complete acquisition sequence is completed. See step 4, Set the stop mode, on page 3- -30, or access the online help from the Run/Stop control window for more information.

  • Page 97: To Set Acquisition Modes

    Acquiring Waveforms Preventing Aliasing. Under certain conditions, a waveform may be aliased on screen. Read the following description about aliasing and the suggestions for preventing it. When a waveform aliases, it appears on screen with a frequency lower than the actual waveform being input or it appears unstable even though the TRIG’D light is lighted.
  • Page 98 Acquiring Waveforms acquisition start/stop methods. For more information, display online help when performing the procedure. Overview To set acquisition modes Control elements and resources Prerequisites Instrument must be powered up, with horizontal and vertical controls set up. Triggering should also be set up. See page 3- - 63 for trigger setup.
  • Page 99 Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set acquisition modes (Cont.) Control elements and resources To select To select real-time sampling, interpolated real-time sampling, or equivalent-time sampling: real-time or equivalent- time sampling Touch the Horiz button. Select the Acquisition tab from the Horiz/Acq control window, Or select Horizontal/Acquisition Setup from the Horiz/Acq menu to display the Acquisition Mode control window.

  • Page 100: To Start And Stop Acquisition 3

    Acquiring Waveforms To Start and Stop Use the procedure that follows to start and stop acquisition. Acquisition Overview To start and stop acquisition Control elements and resources Prerequisites The horizontal and vertical controls must be set up. Triggering should also be set up. See page 3- - 29 for acquisition setup and page 3- - 63 for trigger setup.

  • Page 101: To Set Roll Mode

    Acquiring Waveforms To Set Roll Mode Use the procedure that follows to set up roll mode acquisitions. Overview To set Roll Mode Control elements and resources Prerequisites The horizontal and vertical controls must be set up. Triggering should also be set up. See page 3- - 29 for acquisition setup and page 3- - 63 for trigger setup.

  • Page 102: Acquisition Control Background

    Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set Roll Mode (Cont.) Control elements and resources To disable roll Touch the Horiz button. Select Acquisition tab from the Horiz/Acq control window, mode Or select Horizontal/Acquisition Setup from the Horiz/Acq menu to display the Acquisition Mode control window.

  • Page 103: Sampling Process

    Acquiring Waveforms Digitizer CH 1 Digitizer CH 2 CH 3 Digitizer Digitizer CH 4 Figure 3- 8: Digitizer configuration Sampling Process Acquisition is the process of sampling the analog input signal of an input channel, converting it into digital data, and assembling it into a waveform record, which is then stored in acquisition memory.

  • Page 104: Waveform Record

    Acquiring Waveforms Waveform Record While sampling on the input signal provides the data that makes up the waveform record for any given channel, the instrument builds the waveform record through use of some common parameters (common means that they affect the waveforms in all channels).

  • Page 105: Real-Time Sampling

    Acquiring Waveforms Real-Time Sampling The two general methods of sampling are real-time and equivalent-time. This instrument uses both real- and equivalent-time sampling. In real-time sampling, the instrument digitizes all the points it acquires after one trigger event (see Figure 3- -11). Always use real-time sampling to capture single-shot or transient events.

  • Page 106: Table 3- 2: Sampling Mode Selection

    Acquiring Waveforms Table 3- 2: Sampling mode selection Channels on 3 or 4 Time base 10 ns Real-time sampling Real-time sampling Real-time sampling 20 ns 5 ns Real-time sampling Real-time sampling Equivalent-Time or Interpolated Sampling 2.5 ns Real-time sampling Equivalent-Time or Equivalent-Time or Interpolated Sampling Interpolated Sampling...

  • Page 107: Equivalent-Time Sampling

    Acquiring Waveforms Record points 1st Acquisition cycle 2nd Acquisition cycle 3rd Acquisition cycle nth Acquisition cycle Figure 3- 12: Equivalent-time sampling The type of equivalent-time sampling the instrument uses is called random equivalent-time sampling. Although it takes the samples sequentially in time, it takes them randomly with respect to the trigger.

  • Page 108: Interleaving

    (See Equivalent-Time Sampling on page 3- -37.) Table 3- 3: How interleaving affects sample rate Maximum digitizing rate when real-time sampling Number of channels Number of channels in use CSA7404B TDS7704B TDS7404B TDS7254B TDS7154B 20 GS/sec 20 GS/sec...

  • Page 109: Using Fast Acquisitions

    Acquiring Waveforms Measurements and histograms are done directly on the two dimensional array of display pixels. In infinite persistence mode, the array accumulates more information and measurements are more accurate. Some modes/features are incompatible with Fast Acquisitions mode and if you select them they will inhibit Fast Acquisitions: H FastFrame and Zoom modes H Envelope, Average, Waveform Database, Hi Res, and Single Acquisition...
  • Page 110 Acquiring Waveforms control the waveform intensity using adjustable or automatic brightness (see To adjust the intensity on page 3- -46 for more information). Fast Acquisitions mode adds intensity or gray scale information, like an analog instrument, to each point in the waveform array. The waveform array is a three dimensional array, two dimensions of display pixels and a third dimension of pixel values.

  • Page 111: Figure 3- 13: Normal Dso Acquisition And Display Mode Versus Fast Acquisition Mode

    Acquiring Waveforms Normal DSO mode 1st acquired Next acquired Next acquired waveform record waveform record waveform record Dead time Dead time Dead time Waveform Waveform Waveform memory memory memory Display Updated display Updated display Fast Acquisition mode Acquired waveform records Waveform Waveform Waveform...

  • Page 112: To Turn Fast Acquisitions On And Off

    Acquiring Waveforms Fast Acquisition display Normal DSO display Figure 3- 14: Normal DSO and Fast Acquisition displays To Turn Fast Acquisitions Use the procedure that follows to set up Fast Acquisitions mode. On and Off Overview To turn Fast Acquisitions on and off Control elements and resources Prerequisites The horizontal and vertical controls must be set up.
  • Page 113 Acquiring Waveforms Overview To turn Fast Acquisitions on and off (Cont.) Control elements and resources To enable fast Enable fast acquisitions in one of three ways: acquisitions Push the front-panel FastAcq button. mode Touch the Horiz button. Select the Acquisition tab from the Horiz/Acq control window Select Horizontal/Acquisition Setup from the Horiz/Acq menu to display the Acquisition Mode...
  • Page 114 Acquiring Waveforms Overview To turn Fast Acquisitions on and off (Cont.) Control elements and resources To adjust the Rotate the INTENSITY knob to adjust the intensity of displayed waveforms, or touch Intensity and enter the intensity intensity value with the keypad or the multipurpose knob.

  • Page 115: To Set Display Format

    Acquiring Waveforms To Set Display Format The instrument displays waveforms in one of three formats: YT, XY, or XYZ. Use the procedure that follows to set the display format. Overview To set display format Control elements and resources To select the To set the display axis format, touch the DISP button and select the Appearance tab.

  • Page 116: Using Fastframe

    Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set display format (Cont.) Control elements and resources To select the XYZ. This format compares the voltage levels of the CH 1 (X) and CH 2 (Y) waveform records point by point format (Cont.) as in XY format. XYZ requires Fast Acquisitions mode. The displayed waveform intensity is modulated by the CH 3 (Z) waveform record.

  • Page 117: Using Fastframe Acquisitions

    Acquiring Waveforms Real time FastFrame Figure 3- 16: FastFrame FastFrame is not compatible with these features or modes: H Equivalent Time H Histograms H Fast Acquisitions H Average H Envelope H Waveform Database Using FastFrame Consider the following operating characteristics when using FastFrame: Acquisitions H You can push RUN/STOP to terminate a FastFrame sequence.

  • Page 118: To Set Fastframe Mode

    Acquiring Waveforms H FastFrame reduces the time required before the trigger is rearmed, while preserving the individual subrecords, a detail lost in Fast Acquisitions, which writes all acquired records to a single pixel map. To Set FastFrame Mode Use the procedure that follows to set up FastFrame mode acquisitions. Overview To set FastFrame mode Control elements and resources...
  • Page 119 Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set FastFrame mode (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set frame Touch Frame Count, and enter the number of frames to acquire per waveform record. count Frame count is the number of acquisitions to store in the acquisition memory of the channel.

  • Page 120: Time Stamping Frames

    Acquiring Waveforms Time Stamping Frames Use Time Stamps to display the absolute trigger time for a specific frame and the relative time between triggers of two specified frames. To start FastFrame Time Stamps, do the following steps: Overview Time stamping frames Control elements and resources Prerequisites FastFrame mode should be set up as described in the...
  • Page 121 Acquiring Waveforms Overview Time stamping frames (Cont.) Control elements and resources Select the In the Time Stamps controls, touch Source and select the source of the reference frame. reference frame In the Time Stamps controls, touch Frame and use the multipurpose knob or keypad to enter the number of the reference frame.

  • Page 122: Figure 3- 17: Fastframe Time Stamp

    Acquiring Waveforms Overview Time stamping frames (Cont.) Control elements and resources To lock the 10. Touch the Horiz button. Select the Acquisition tab from the Horiz/Acq control window. Touch FastFrame Setup reference to display the FastFrame Setup control window. position frames Note.

  • Page 123: O/E Converter

    62.5/50 m or singlemode fiber with a core diameter of 9 m. Alternate types can be coupled by use of UCI (universal connector interface) series adapters. (Refer to a current Tektronix catalog for details.) Attach the fiber optic cable with a suitable connector or a UCI Interface adapter to the optical input receptacle as follows: 1.

  • Page 124: Front Panel Connectors

    Some of the standard UCI interfaces supported are FC, ST, SC, and DIN. (Refer to a current Tektronix catalog for details.) Output Connectors Clock and data-recovery circuitry provides recovered clock and data outputs. The signals are also available internally for use by the instrument.

  • Page 125: O/E Electrical Out-To-Ch1 Input Adapter

    Acquiring Waveforms ELECTRICAL OUT. This output is the electrical output from the O/E converter. Use the supplied adapters to connect to the Ch1 input or other equipment. O/E Electrical Out-to-Ch1 Use the O/E Electrical Out-to-Ch1 Input adapter to connect the Electrical Out of Input Adapter the optical-to-electrical converter to the CH1 input of the instrument.

  • Page 126: Optical Dark Compensation

    Cleaning kits for optical connectors (such as the Tektronix Optical Connector Cleaner kit number 020-2357-00) are available from a number of suppliers.

  • Page 127: Wavelength, Filter, And Bandwidth Selection

    Acquiring Waveforms Select the Optical Wavelength appropriate for the signals with which you are working. Optical conversion gain is set appropriately for the wavelength you select. Before performing dark level calibration, remove your optical signal from the input and cover the optical input. Select Dark Level Calibration to start the dark level compensation.

  • Page 128: Optical Bandwidth

    Acquiring Waveforms Optical Bandwidth CSA7000B Series: Traditionally bandwidth is defined as the frequency at which the power out is one half the power out at a frequency near DC. In the voltage domain the power dissipated into a resistive load (such as a 50 Ω termination of an input) is the V /R where V is the RMS of the voltage swing seen at...

  • Page 129: Bandwidth For Unfiltered Settings

    Acquiring Waveforms In CSA7000B Series instruments, the vertical units displayed for an optical module are not in voltage, but watts; this is a unit of power. The optical-to-elec- trical converter inside the instrument outputs a voltage whose amplitude is linearly dependent on the incoming optical power; in this condition the voltage applied at the electrical input already represents optical power in its linear form (as opposed to having to square the voltage and divide by R).
  • Page 130 Acquiring Waveforms 3- 62 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 131: Triggering

    Triggering To properly acquire data, that is, to use the instrument to sample a signal and digitize it into a waveform record that you want to measure or otherwise process, you need to set up the trigger conditions. This section provides background on, and the procedures for using, the basic elements of triggering: source, holdoff, mode, and so on.

  • Page 132: Triggering Concepts

    Triggering Triggering Concepts Triggers determine when the instrument stops acquiring and displays a wave- form. They help create meaningful waveforms from unstable jumbles or blank screens. (See Figure 3- -21.) The instrument has simple edge triggers as well as a variety of advanced triggers you can use.

  • Page 133: Trigger Types

    Triggering Trigger Types The instrument provides the following categories of trigger types: H Edge is the simplest and most commonly used trigger type. You can use it with analog or digital signals. An edge trigger event occurs when the trigger source (the signal the trigger circuit is monitoring) passes through a specified voltage level in the specified direction (the trigger slope).

  • Page 134: Trigger Holdoff

    Triggering Be aware that auto mode, when forcing triggers in the absence of valid triggering events, does not synchronize the waveform on the display. See the Automatic trigger mode part of Figure 3- -22. Successive acquisitions will not be triggered at the same point on the waveform; therefore, the waveform will appear to roll across the screen.

  • Page 135: Trigger Coupling

    Triggering Holdoff Holdoff Holdoff Trigger level Indicates trigger points Holdoff Holdoff Holdoff Holdoff Trigger level At the longer holdoff time for the top waveform, unstable triggering occurs. With a shorter holdoff set for the bottom waveform, triggers all occur on the first pulse in the burst to remedy the unstable trigger. Figure 3- 23: Holdoff adjustment can prevent false triggers Trigger Coupling Trigger coupling determines what part of the signal is passed to the trigger...

  • Page 136: Delayed Trigger System

    Triggering You set trigger slope by pushing the SLOPE button on the front panel to toggle between the positive-going and negative-going edge. The level control determines where on that edge the trigger point occurs. (See Figure 3- -24.) You can set the trigger level with the LEVEL knob on the front panel.
  • Page 137 Triggering Overview Triggering from the front panel Control elements and resources Prerequisites 1. The instrument must be installed and operating. Acquisition system should be set to Run, and the vertical and horizontal controls should be set appropri- ately for the signal to be acquired. See page 3- - 23 for acquisition setup To select the Push the EDGE button to select edge type triggering.
  • Page 138 Triggering Overview Triggering from the front panel (Cont.) Control elements and resources To set to 50% 5. To quickly obtain an edge, glitch, timeout, serial, or width trigger, push the trigger LEVEL knob. The instrument sets the trigger level to the halfway point between the peaks of the trigger signal.
  • Page 139 Triggering Overview Triggering from the front panel (Cont.) Control elements and resources To set the Push the up and down arrow buttons to toggle through trigger the possible trigger couplings: coupling DC passes all (both AC and DC components) of the input signal.

  • Page 140: To Check Trigger Status

    Triggering To Check Trigger Status To see the state and setup of the triggering circuit, use the trigger status lights, readout, and screen. Overview To check trigger status Control elements and resources Trigger status To quickly determine trigger status, check the three from trigger sta- status lights TRIG’D, READY, and ARM in the Trigger tus lights...

  • Page 141: Additional Trigger Parameters

    Triggering Overview To check trigger status (Cont.) Control elements and resources Trigger To see the trigger point and level on the waveform Trigger point indicator shows the trigger position on the location and display, check the graphic indicators Trigger Point and waveform record.
  • Page 142 Triggering Overview Additional trigger parameters Control elements and resources To set holdoff You can change the holdoff time to help stabilize triggering. See Trigger Modes and Trigger Holdoff beginning on page 3- - 65 for a description of trigger holdoff. To set holdoff, do the following steps: Push the ADVANCED button, and select the Mode tab.
  • Page 143 Triggering Overview Additional trigger parameters (Cont.) Control elements and resources To select a Push the ADVANCED button, select the A Event tab, preset trigger and touch either of the Trigger Type buttons. level Select a Trigger Type, such as Edge, that uses a level adjustment.
  • Page 144 Triggering Overview Additional trigger parameters (Cont.) Control elements and resources To define new If the Menu Bar is not displayed, touch the Menu button trigger level to display the Menu Bar. presets Touch Utilities, and select User Preferences to display the User Preferences control window.

  • Page 145: Advanced Triggering

    Triggering Overview Additional trigger parameters (Cont.) Control elements and resources To single trigger 1. To trigger on the next valid trigger event and then stop, push the SINGLE front-panel button. Push the SINGLE button each time you want to initiate the single sequence of acquisitions.

  • Page 146: Figure 3- -25: Example Advanced Trigger Readout 3

    Triggering channels. If the logic qualifying signals are present, a trigger is generated. Due to this timing, there is a chance that the pulse and the logic qualifying signals were present at the same time, but not when the instrument checks for them. You can check the advanced trigger status in the readout.
  • Page 147 Triggering Transition Trigger. A transition (slew rate) trigger occurs when the trigger source detects a pulse edge that transitions (slews) between two amplitude levels at a rate faster or slower than you specify. The instrument can trigger on positive or negative transitions.

  • Page 148: Table 3- 5: Pattern And State Logic

    Triggering Table 3- 5: Pattern and state logic 1, 2 Pattern State Definition Clocked AND If all the preconditions selected for the logic inputs are TRUE, then the instrument triggers. NAND Clocked NAND If not all of the preconditions selected for the logic inputs are TRUE, then the instrument triggers.
  • Page 149 Triggering H The direction of the clock edge to use H The clocking level and data level that the instrument uses to determine if a clock or data transition has occurred H The setup and hold times that together define a time range relative to the clock Data that changes state within the setup/hold violation zone triggers the instrument.

  • Page 150: Figure 3- -26: Violation Zones For Setup/Hold Triggering 3

    Triggering Setup/Hold violation = Setup time zone = Hold time Setup/Hold violation zone = T must be ≥ +500 ps Clock level Clock signal Setup/Hold violation zone - - T Clock level Clock signal Setup/Hold violation zone - - T Clock level Clock signal Positive T...

  • Page 151: To Trigger On A Glitch

    Triggering To Trigger on a Glitch When you select the type Glitch, the instrument will trigger on a pulse narrower (or wider) in width than some specified time. To set up for glitch triggering, do the following procedures. Overview To trigger on a glitch Control elements and resources Prerequisites 1.
  • Page 152 Triggering Overview To trigger on a glitch (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set to trigger if To specify whether to trigger on glitches narrower or width greater than the width you specify, touch Glitch Width and select from the list: Trig if Width Less Than will trigger only on pulses narrower than the width you specified.

  • Page 153: To Trigger On A Runt Pulse 3

    Triggering To Trigger on a Runt Pulse When you select the type Runt, the instrument will trigger on a short pulse that crosses one threshold but fails to cross a second threshold before recrossing the first. To set up for runt triggering, do the following procedures. Overview To trigger on a runt pulse Control elements and resources...
  • Page 154 Triggering Overview To trigger on a runt pulse (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set the To set the two threshold levels used in detecting a runt pulse, touch Upper Limit or Lower Limit, and use the thresholds multipurpose knob or keypad to set the values for the upper and lower thresholds.

  • Page 155: To Trigger On A Runt Pulse

    Triggering Overview To trigger on a runt pulse (Cont.) Control elements and resources To set mode Mode and holdoff can be set for all standard trigger and holdoff types. See To set holdoff on page 3- - 74 and To select the the trigger mode on page 3- - 71 for mode and holdoff setup.
  • Page 156 Triggering Overview Trigger based on pulse width (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set to trigger To set the range of widths (in units of time) the trigger source when will search for and to specify whether to trigger on pulses that are outside this range or within this range, do the following steps: Touch Pulse Width, and select from the list:...

  • Page 157: To Trigger Based

    Triggering To Trigger Based When you select the type Transition Time (slew rate), the instrument will trigger on Transition Time on a pulse edge that traverses between an upper and lower threshold faster or slower than a transition time you specify. To set up for transition time triggering, do the following procedures.

  • Page 158: On Transition Time

    Triggering Overview To trigger based on transition time (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set the The threshold levels and the delta time setting determine the transition time transition time (slew rate) setting. To set these parameters: Touch the Upper Level or Lower Level button and use the multipurpose knob or keypad to set the values for the upper and lower levels.
  • Page 159 Triggering Overview To trigger based on transition time (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set to trigger The instrument compares the pulse edge of the trigger when source against the transition time (slew rate) set by the upper and lower threshold settings and the delta time set in the window.

  • Page 160: Triggering On A Window

    Triggering Triggering on a Window Use this procedure to trigger the instrument when the input signal enters or leaves a window set by an upper or lower threshold level. Overview To trigger on a window threshold violation Control elements and resources Select window Push the front-panel ADVANCED button.
  • Page 161 Triggering Overview To trigger on a window threshold violation Control elements and resources To qualify the window trigger, select from these Trigger Qualify window drop-down list combinations. Note that the Trigger trigger controls change as you select different combinations of options.

  • Page 162: Trigger Based On

    Triggering Trigger Based on When you select the type Timeout, the instrument will trigger if a pulse Pulse Timeout transition does not occur within a specified time limit. That is, the trigger will occur when, depending on the polarity that you select, the signal stays higher or stays lower than the trigger level for the timeout value.

  • Page 163: Trigger On A Pattern

    Triggering Overview Trigger based on pulse timeout (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set the level 6. To set the Level, touch Level and use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to set the timeout trigger level. Note. You can set the level to a value appropriate to either TTL or ECL logic families.
  • Page 164 Triggering Overview Trigger on a pattern (Cont.) Control elements and resources To Trigger on a From the toolbar, touch Trig, select the A Event tab of pattern the Trigger control window, and touch Select. Touch Pattern. To define To set the logic state for each of the input channels pattern inputs (Ch1, Ch2, .
  • Page 165 Triggering Overview Trigger on a pattern (Cont.) Control elements and resources To set mode Mode and holdoff can be set for all standard trigger and holdoff types. See To set holdoff on page 3- - 74 and To select the trigger mode on page 3- - 71 for mode and holdoff setup.

  • Page 166: To Trigger On A State

    Triggering To Trigger on a State When you select the type State, the instrument uses channel 4 as a clock and triggers on a logic circuit made from the rest of the channels (page 3- -80 describes how state triggers work). To use state triggering, do the following procedures.

  • Page 167: To Trigger On Setup

    Triggering Overview To trigger on a state (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set trigger To choose to trigger when the logic condition is met when (goes TRUE) or when the logic condition is not met (goes FALSE), touch Trigger When Pattern and select False or True from the list.
  • Page 168 Triggering Overview To trigger on setup/hold time violations (Cont.) Control elements and resources Define the data To select the channel that is to contain the data signal, source touch Data Source, and select the source from the list. Note. Do not select the same channel for both the data and clock sources.

  • Page 169: Logic Qualify A Trigger

    Triggering Overview To trigger on setup/hold time violations (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set the setup To set the setup time and the hold time relative to the clock: and hold times Touch Setup Time and use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to set the setup time.
  • Page 170 Triggering The instrument recognizes the violation and triggers at the clock edge. Data (Ch1) transition occurs within 6.59 ns before the clock violating the hold time limit. Cursors measure the setup/hold violation zone which equals setup time + hold time (10 ns). Figure 3- 27: Triggering on a Setup/Hold time violation Logic Qualify a Trigger When you logic qualify a trigger type, the instrument will trigger when the...

  • Page 171: Sequential Triggering

    Triggering Overview Trigger on a pattern (Cont.) Control elements and resources To define To set the logic state for each of the input channels pattern inputs (Ch1, Ch2, . . .), touch each Input Threshold, and select either High (H), Low (L), or don’t care (X) from the menu.

  • Page 172: Using Sequential Triggering

    Triggering You can set the trigger delay time with the keypad or the multipurpose knobs. H Trigger on n Event: After the A trigger arms the trigger system, the instrument triggers on the n B event. You can set the number of B events with the keypad or the multipurpose knobs.

  • Page 173: Figure 3- -28: Triggering With Horizontal Delay Off 3

    Triggering Posttrigger record Pretrigger record A (Main) Only Waveform record A trigger source A trigger point Start posttrigger acquisition Trig After Time Waveform record A trigger point A trigger source B trigger source Trigger delay time B trigger point; Start posttrigger acquisition on first B trigger after delay Trig on n Event...

  • Page 174: Figure 3- -29: Triggering With Horizontal Delay On 3

    Triggering Triggering with Horizontal Delay On. You can use horizontal delay when you want to acquire a waveform record that is separated from the trigger event by a significant interval of time. The horizontal delay function can be used with any trigger setup.

  • Page 175: Figure 3- -30: Reset Trigger Limitation 3

    Triggering Triggering with Reset. You can specify a condition that, if it occurs before the B trigger event, resets the trigger system. When the reset event occurs, the trigger system stops waiting for the B event, and returns to waiting for an A event. You can specify a Reset when the B trigger event does not occur: H before a timeout that you specify H before an input signal that you specify enters a state that you specify...

  • Page 176: Figure 3- -31: Trigger And Horizontal Delay Summary 3

    Triggering The flow diagram in Figure 3- -31 summarizes all combinations of triggering and horizontal delay. Wait for Acquire Trigger on A Only with A (Main) posttrigger horizontal delay off trigger data Wait Trigger on A Only with user-specified horizontal delay on horizontal delay time Reset...

  • Page 177: To Trigger On A Sequence 3

    Triggering Sequential Trigger Reset. You can choose three methods to reset sequential triggers: H None does not reset sequential triggers. Triggers function as previously explained H Timeout resets sequential triggers if the time you set expires before the B trigger event occurs H Transition resets sequential triggers if a signal transition you select occurs before the B trigger event occurs H State resets sequential triggers if a signal state you select occurs before the B...
  • Page 178 Triggering Overview To trigger on a sequence (Cont.) Control elements and resources To trigger on To set the time base to run after an A trigger, a trigger delay, and a B trigger, from the toolbar, touch Trig, and B after time select the A- - >B Seq tab of the Trigger control window Touch Trig After Time.
  • Page 179 Triggering Overview To trigger on a sequence (Cont.) Control elements and resources To reset To reset sequential triggers, select the Trigger Reset sequential Type: triggers None to sequential trigger without using Trigger Reset Timeout to reset sequential triggers if the time you set occurs before the B trigger Transition to reset sequential triggers if the transition event you specify occurs before the B...
  • Page 180 Triggering Overview To trigger on a sequence (Cont.) Control elements and resources A event End of trigger delay B event Reset timeout To reset If the Transition Type of Trigger Reset is selected, touch sequential Source and select the source of the transition from the triggers (Cont.) list.
  • Page 181 Triggering Overview To trigger on a sequence (Cont.) Control elements and resources A event End of trigger delay B event Reset event To reset If the State Type of Trigger Reset is selected, touch sequential Source and select the source of the state from the list. triggers (Cont.) Touch State and select the True level of the event from the list.

  • Page 182: To Trigger On A Sequence

    Triggering Overview To trigger on a sequence (Cont.) Control elements and resources A event End of trigger delay B event Reset event start Reset event end 3- 114 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...
  • Page 183 Triggering Overview To trigger on a sequence (Cont.) Control elements and resources To set up B To set the B Event trigger, from the toolbar, touch Trig, and select the B Event tab of the Trigger control window. triggering To specify the trigger type, select it from the Trigger Type list.
  • Page 184 Triggering Overview To trigger on a sequence (Cont.) Control elements and resources To Reset if To set the trigger system to reset the sequence if a B no B Trigger trigger does not occur within certain constrains, from the toolbar, touch Trig, and select the A- - >B Seq tab of the Trigger control window.

  • Page 185: Comm Triggering

    Triggering Comm Triggering The instrument can trigger on communication signals (optional on TDS7000B Series). For detailed information on using comm triggering to trigger on your communications signals, see the CSA7000B & TDS7000B Series Options SM Serial Mask Testing and Option ST Serial Triggering User Manual. Serial Pattern Triggering In applications that involve signals with serial data patterns, you may be able to use serial pattern triggering (optional on TDS7000B Series) to capture more...
  • Page 186 Triggering 3- 118 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 187: Displaying Waveforms

    Displaying Waveforms This instrument includes a flexible, customizable display that you can control to display the waveforms that you acquire. This section presents the following topics: H Using the Waveform Display H Setting MultiView Zoom Controls H Customizing the Display Storage Acquisition Display...

  • Page 188: Figure 3- -32: Display Elements 3

    Displaying Waveforms Horizontal reference Graticule Display Horizontal scale readout Figure 3- 32: Display elements (1) Display area. The area where the waveforms appear. The display comprises the timebase and graticules, the waveforms, histograms, and some readouts. (2) Graticule. A grid marking the display area. When MultiView Zoom is on, the upper graticule displays unmagnified waveforms, and the lower graticule displays magnified waveforms.

  • Page 189: Using The Display

    Displaying Waveforms complete setup of all the display parameters. Anything you can do with the mouse, you can do with the touch screen. H Fast Access to MultiView Zoom. Waveform inspection has never been easier. Just touch and drag a box around the feature of interest and select zoom from the choices offered, and the feature of interest displays zoomed in the magnified graticule.

  • Page 190: Table 3- 7: Operations Performed Based On The Waveform Type

    Displaying Waveforms Operations on Waveforms. In general, the method of adjusting (vertically scaling, offsetting, positioning, and so on) is from the front panel: adjust a waveform using its Vertical Scale and Position knobs. Table 3- -7 summarizes operations you can perform for the three waveform types. Table 3- 7: Operations performed based on the waveform type Control function Waveform supports...

  • Page 191: Figure 3- -33: Horizontal Position Includes Time To Horizontal Reference 3

    Displaying Waveforms H The instrument displays a math waveform with the horizontal settings derived from the math expression that creates it. You cannot change these directly. See Creating and Using Math Waveforms on page 3- -167 for more information on math waveforms. H All waveforms are displayed fit-to-screen;...

  • Page 192: To Display Waveforms In The Main Graticule 3

    Displaying Waveforms To Display Waveforms in Use the procedure that follows to become familiar with the display adjustments the Main Graticule you can make. Overview To display waveforms in the main graticule Related control elements and resources Prerequisites The instrument must be installed and operating. The acquisition system should be set to run continuously.

  • Page 193: Setting Multiview Zoom Controls

    Displaying Waveforms Overview To display waveforms in the main graticule (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Adjust the To adjust the point around which the waveforms Horizontal reference expand and contract, touch the Horizontal Reference, horizontal and drag it left or right on screen. reference Move the Horizontal Reference along the horizontal axis until it aligns to the point on the waveform that...

  • Page 194: Using With Waveforms

    Displaying Waveforms Use MultiView Zoom (push the MultiView Zoom button) when you want to expand a waveform to inspect small feature(s) on that waveform or compare the feature to the non-zoomed waveform(s). For example, to temporarily expand the front corner of a pulse to inspect its aberrations, use MultiView Zoom to expand it horizontally and vertically.

  • Page 195: To Zoom Waveforms

    Displaying Waveforms Overview To zoom waveforms (Cont.) Control elements and resources Select zoom You can select zoom in two ways: To zoom a waveform, touch and drag across the segment of the waveform that you want to see in greater detail. Then select Zoom 1 On, Zoom 2 On, Zoom 3 On, or Zoom 4 On to magnify the highlighted waveform segment in one of the 4 zoom areas.
  • Page 196 Displaying Waveforms Overview To zoom waveforms (Cont.) Control elements and resources Zoom a To zoom a waveform, start by using one of two methods to select the axis that you want to adjust: waveform Push the button or the button to select HORIZ VERT the axis that you want to adjust in the zoom...
  • Page 197 Displaying Waveforms Overview To zoom waveforms (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set up To display the Zoom setup window, touch Setup in the controls window. Select the tab for the zoomed MultiView waveform area that you want to set up. Zoom Note.
  • Page 198 Displaying Waveforms Overview To zoom waveforms (Cont.) Control elements and resources Checking the To quickly determine the zoom factor and position of a zoomed waveform, check the readouts: zoom factor and position The Zoom setup window displays the horizontal and vertical position and zoom factor of the selected zoom area.

  • Page 199: Customizing The Display 3

    Displaying Waveforms Overview To zoom waveforms (Cont.) Control elements and resources To Lock and 12. To display the zoom Lock and Scroll setup window, touch Setup in the controls window. Select the Lock and Automatically Scroll tab. Scroll Zoom Areas 13.

  • Page 200: Table 3- 8: Customizable Display Elements

    Displaying Waveforms Using Display Controls Read the following topics; they provide the details that can help you set up the the display system so that it displays waveforms and other display elements as you prefer. Display Settings. Table 3- -8 lists display attributes that you can set and where they are accessed.
  • Page 201 Displaying Waveforms Table 3- 8: Customizable display elements (Cont.) Display attribute Access Options Menu name Entry Math Colors Display Colors Choose Default to use the default system color (red) for math waveforms. Disp Colors Choose Inherit to use the same color for the math waveform as the waveform the math function is based on.
  • Page 202 Displaying Waveforms Normal and Persistence Displays. Use the display persistence to control how waveform data ages: H Off style displays waveforms without persistence: each new waveform record replaces the previously acquired record for a channel. You can choose to display normal waveforms as vectors, which displays lines between the record points or dots (vectors off) which displays the record points only.

  • Page 203: Set Display Styles 3

    Displaying Waveforms Set Display Styles Use the procedure that follows to become familiar with the display adjustments that you can make. Overview Set display styles Related control elements and resources Prerequisites The instrument must be powered up, with any waveform you want to display on screen.
  • Page 204 Displaying Waveforms Overview Set display styles (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Select a From the the Display setup control window (see right), choose a persistence mode: persistence mode Infinite Persistence to make data persist indefinite- ly. Waveform displays accumulate data as new waveform records acquire, resulting in a build up of data in the displayed waveforms.

  • Page 205: Customize Graticule And Waveforms 3

    Displaying Waveforms Customize Graticule and Use the procedure that follows to become familiar with the display adjustments Waveforms that you can make. Overview Customizations you can make Related control elements and resources Prerequisites Display the waveforms to be measured on screen. The waveform may be a channel, reference, or math waveform.
  • Page 206 Displaying Waveforms Overview Customizations you can make (Cont.) Related control elements and resources To set the Touch the DISP button and select the Objects tab. display Touch Display Date/Time to toggle between On and Off. readout (On displays the date and time.) options Touch Display Trigger T to toggle between On and Off.

  • Page 207: Measuring Waveforms

    Measuring Waveforms The instrument comes equipped with cursors and automatic measurements to assist you in analyzing your waveforms. This section describes these tools and how you use them: H Taking Automatic Measurements, on page 3- -140, describes how you can setup the instrument to automatically measure and display a variety of waveform parameters.

  • Page 208: Taking Automatic Measurements

    Measuring Waveforms Cursors Readouts Cursor Graticule Measurement readouts readouts Figure 3- 34: Graticule, Cursor, and Automatic measurements Taking Automatic Measurements The instrument automatically takes and displays waveform measurements. This section describes how to set up the instrument to let it do the work of taking measurements for you.

  • Page 209: Figure 3- -35: Annotated Display 3

    Measuring Waveforms Figure 3- 35: Annotated display Customize Measurements. To allow you control over how your waveform data is characterized by measurements, the instrument lets you set the methods used for each measurement. See High/Low Method on page 3- -142 and Reference Levels Method on page 3- -143.

  • Page 210: Using Automatic Measurements

    Measuring Waveforms Take Measurements on a Frame. In FastFrame, measurements are taken only on the displayed frame. Using Automatic Read the following topics; they provide the details that can help you set up Measurements automatic measurements so that they best support your data-analysis tasks. Measurement Selection.

  • Page 211: Figure 3- -36: High/Low Tracking Methods 3

    Measuring Waveforms High (Min/Max) High (Mean) High (Histogram) Mid reference Low (Histogram) Low (Mean) Low (Min/Max) Figure 3- 36: High/Low tracking methods H Min-max. Uses the highest and lowest values of the waveform record. This setting is best for examining waveforms that have no large, flat portions at a common value, such as sine waves and triangle waves —...

  • Page 212: To Take Automatic Measurements

    Measuring Waveforms Reference level calculation methods High (50 mV) High reference 40 mV 0 mV Mid reference (0 mV) - - 40 mV Low reference Low (- - 50 mV) Figure 3- 37: Reference-level calculation methods The High and Low levels from which the reference levels are calculated are the levels established using the selected Hi/Low method described on page 3- -142.
  • Page 213 Measuring Waveforms Overview To take automatic measurements (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Select the From the toolbar, touch Meas to display the Measure- ment setup control window. waveform To select the source waveform that you want to measure, select the Ch, Math, or Ref Source tab, and then touch the Channel, Math, or Reference button for the waveform.
  • Page 214 Measuring Waveforms Overview To take automatic measurements (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Display From the Measurements setup control window, touch Setup Statistics. measurement statistics 10. From the Statistics control window, select Off, Mean, or All. Off. Turns off measurement statistics Mean.
  • Page 215 Measuring Waveforms Overview To take automatic measurements (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Show more 14. To select the amount of annotation detail shown with a measurement, from the menu bar touch Utilities, User annotation Preferences, and then select the Measurement tab to detail display the Annotation Type setup window.
  • Page 216 Measuring Waveforms Overview To take automatic measurements (Cont.) Related control elements and resources 18. To select how the instrument determines the base and top of the waveform, touch Min-Max, Histogram, or measurement Histogram mean. reference levels (Cont.) Min-max. Uses the highest and lowest values of the waveform record.

  • Page 217: To Localize A Measurement 3

    Measuring Waveforms Overview To take automatic measurements (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Take a 21. From the Measurement setup control window, touch the Snapshot button (Comm Snapshot button if the Comm snapshot of tab is selected) to display a window of all single measurements waveform measurements or Comm measurements (optional on TDS7000B Series).
  • Page 218 Measuring Waveforms Overview To gate a measurement (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Access gating From the toolbar, select Meas, and then select Gating from the Measurement setup control window. Enable and To select how to control the gated area, touch Measurement Gating Cursor, Zoom 1, Zoom 2, Zoom 3, position the Zoom 4, or Off:...

  • Page 219: Taking Cursor Measurements

    Measuring Waveforms Taking Cursor Measurements Because cursor measurements give immediate feedback of the amplitude or time values they measure, they are usually quick to take and are more accurate than graticule measurements. Since you position cursors wherever you want them on the waveform, they are easier to localize to a waveform segment or feature than automatic measurements.

  • Page 220: Using Cursors

    Measuring Waveforms Cursors can measure channel, reference, and math waveforms. You must set the source of each cursor explicitly in the Cursor Setup control window. Cursors are not available with histograms, XY, or XYZ modes. Using Cursors Cursor operation is easy, you move the cursors on screen and read the results in the cursor readouts.

  • Page 221: Figure 3- -39: Components Determining Time Cursor Readout Values 3

    Measuring Waveforms After you have selected the source from the Cursors Setup control window, you can operate the cursor from the front-panel knobs and buttons. Cursors Treat Sources Independently. Each cursor can take a different, indepen- dent source, with each source having its own amplitude scale. Consider the example presented by Figure 3- -38 on page 3- -152: H Cursor 1 is set to measure channel 3 (Ch3), which is set to 100 mV per division, so cursor readout v1 measures Ch3 relative to its ground as...

  • Page 222: Table 3- 10: Cursor Units

    Measuring Waveforms Note that a vertical cursor readout includes and varies directly with the Time-to- First-Point component, which varies directly with the horizontal position set for the timebase. To see the amount of time to the first point, set Horizontal DELAY to 0.0 and set Horizontal Ref to 0%.

  • Page 223: To Set The Cursor Sources

    Measuring Waveforms To Set the Cursor Sources You must target the cursors to the source they are to measure. (See Cursors Treat Sources Independently on page 3- -153). To do so, use the procedure that follows. Overview To set the cursor sources Related control elements and resources Prerequisites Display the waveform to be measured on screen.
  • Page 224 Measuring Waveforms Overview To set the cursor sources (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set cursor To change the cursor tracking mode, from the Cursor controls window select Setup. tracking Touch Track Mode Indep or Tracking: Indep. Makes each cursor positionable without regard to the position of the other cursor.

  • Page 225: Taking Histograms

    Measuring Waveforms Taking Histograms The instrument can display histograms constructed from the selected waveform data. You can display both vertical (voltage) and horizontal (time) histograms, but only one at a time. Use histogram measurements to get statistical measure- ment data for a section of a waveform along one axis. Horizontal histogram Histogram measurements Figure 3- 40: Horizontal histogram view and measurement data...

  • Page 226: Using Histograms

    Measuring Waveforms A histogram source can be any waveform (channel or math), including a reference waveform. In addition to using limit controls to set histogram box boundaries, you can also use standard Windows drag-and-drop to resize and reposition the histogram box. Histograms are not available in FastFrame, Record View XY, or Zoom modes.
  • Page 227 Measuring Waveforms Overview To start and reset histogram counting (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set, display, and Select either the Source Ch, Math, or Ref tab, and then select the waveform source for the histogram. reset histogram source and type Touch either Histogram Mode Horiz or Vert to start histogram counting and display the histogram data: Horiz.

  • Page 228: Histogram Measurements

    Measuring Waveforms Overview To start and reset histogram counting (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set histogram Touch Adjust Histogram Box Limits, and use the Top Limit, Bottom Limit, Left Limit, and Right Limit controls limit controls to set the size of the histogram box. The histogram box selects the section of the waveform used for histograms.
  • Page 229 Measuring Waveforms Overview To compensate the instrument (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Display the From the menu bar, select Utilities, and then select Instrument Calibration. calibration instructions Check the The calibration status should be Pass. If the status is Warm-up, wait until the status changes.

  • Page 230: To Compensate The Instrument

    Measuring Waveforms To Connect the Probe To compensate or calibrate probes you must connect the Probe Calibration and Calibration Fixture Deskew Fixture to the instrument; use the procedure in the manual that came with the deskew fixture you are using (see Figure 3- -41). 071-0730- - xx 071-7022- - xx Figure 3- 41: Probe calibration and deskew fixtures...

  • Page 231: To Compensate Passive Probes

    Measuring Waveforms To Compensate Passive To compensate passive probes to ensure maximum distortion-free input to the Probes instrument and to avoid high frequency amplitude errors, use the procedure that follows. Overview To compensate passive probes Related control elements and resources Prerequisites Instrument should be powered on.
  • Page 232 Measuring Waveforms Overview To compensate passive probes (Cont.) Related control elements and resources For further Touch the Help button to access the online assistance. assistance See page 3- - 263 to learn about using online help. 3- 164 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 233: Serial Mask Testing

    Measuring Waveforms Serial Mask Testing The instrument provides a portfolio of masks (optional on the TDS7000B Series) for verifying compliance to optical and electrical standards. You can verify circuit design performance and perform interface compliance testing. Mask testing results are reported live, providing real time feedback. Mask hits are highlighted on the display and accompanied by readouts indicating the number of waveforms tested, pass/fail results, and hit counts.
  • Page 234 Measuring Waveforms 3- 166 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 235: Creating And Using Math Waveforms

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Once you have acquired waveforms or taken measurements on waveforms, the instrument can mathematically combine them to create a waveform that supports your data-analysis task. For example, you might have a waveform obscured by background noise. You can obtain a cleaner waveform by subtracting the background noise from your original waveform (note that the background noise you subtract must be identical to the noise in your signal).

  • Page 236: Defining Math Waveforms 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Defining Math Waveforms This instrument supports mathematical combination and functional transforma- tions of waveforms it acquires. Figure 3- -44 shows this concept: Channel waveform Math expression Math waveform (Ch2) (Function(source)) (Math1) Diff(Ch2) Figure 3- 44: Functional transformation of an acquired waveform You create math waveforms to support the analysis of your channel and reference waveforms.

  • Page 237: Using Math 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms integrate, differentiate, average, square root, and log, can be taken on single waveforms or complicated expressions. In FastFrame, math is applied to each frame. Some operations that you cannot use with math waveforms follow: H Circular Math-on-Math, Measurements in Math, and Measurements on Math—You cannot use circular definitions of math waveforms.

  • Page 238: Table 3- 11: Math Expressions And The Math Waveforms Produced

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Some examples of typical math waveforms follow: Table 3- 11: Math expressions and the math waveforms produced To. . . Enter this math expression. . . and get this math waveform. . . Normalize a waveform .
  • Page 239 Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Clearing the data in a waveform source causes a baseline (ground) to be delivered to any math waveform that includes that source until the source receives new data. Expression Syntax. You build math waveforms using the Define/Edit Expression control window.

  • Page 240: Figure 3- -45: Derivative Math Waveform 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Derivative waveforms are used in the measurement of slew rate of amplifiers and in educational applications. You can create a derivative math waveform and then use it as a source for another derivative waveform. The result is the second derivative of the waveform that was first differentiated.

  • Page 241: Figure 3- -46: Peak-Peak Amplitude Measurement Of A Derivative Waveform 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Cursor Measurements. You can also use cursors to measure derivative wave- forms. Use the same procedure as is found under Take cursor measurements on page 3- -181. When using that procedure, note that the amplitude measurements on a derivative waveform will be in volts per second rather than in volt-seconds as is indicated for the integral waveform measured in the procedure.
  • Page 242 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Integral waveforms find use in the following applications: H Measuring power and energy, such as in switching power supplies H Characterizing mechanical transducers, as when integrating the output of an accelerometer to obtain velocity The integral math waveform, derived from the sampled waveform, is computed based on the following equation: Σ...

  • Page 243: To Define A Math Waveform 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms To Define a Math Use the procedure that follows when defining a math waveform. Remember, to Waveform ensure that the sources you use exist. Acquisitions should be running or the channels should already be on, and reference waveform sources should contain saved waveforms, and so on.
  • Page 244 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources To define/edit Use the control window at right to define a math expression. See Table 3- - 11 on page 3- - 170 for a math expression examples;...

  • Page 245: Operations On Math Waveforms

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Apply 10. Touch Avgs to display the Math Averaging control window. The controls in the window apply to the math averaging waveform defined by the expression. 11.

  • Page 246: Using Math Waveforms

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Many of the same instrument tools that prove to be powerful adjuncts for displaying, processing, and analyzing other waveforms also work on math waveforms. For example, in addition to the operations listed above, you can save math waveforms as references.

  • Page 247: To Use Math Waveforms

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms To Use Math Waveforms The procedure that follows demonstrates some common operations that you can perform on math waveforms: Overview To use math waveforms Related control elements and resources Prerequisites The Math waveform must be defined and displayed. See the reference listed at right.
  • Page 248 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To use math waveforms (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set scale and Touch Position or Scale and use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to size and position the waveform on screen position as you want it. Note.
  • Page 249 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To use math waveforms (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Take cursor You can also use cursors to measure math waveforms. Use the same procedures found under Taking Cursor Measure- measurements ments on page 3- - 151. From the toolbar, touch the Cursor button to display the cursors and the cursor control window.

  • Page 250: Defining Spectral Math Waveforms

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Defining Spectral Math Waveforms The math capabilities of the instrument include spectrum analysis of a wave- form. This section describes a spectral analyzer that allows you to control the analysis intuitively with time domain and frequency domain controls. These controls merge the time domain controls with the frequency domain controls to provide a complete spectral analyzer.

  • Page 251: Using Spectral Math Controls

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Multiple analyzer control locks: Up to four spectral analyzers may be used simultaneously. They may all be assigned to different gates on the same source waveform or to different channel sources. The controls of Math1 and Math2 may be locked and the controls of Math3 and Math4 may be locked;...

  • Page 252: Figure 3- -47: Duration And Resolution Control Effects 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Resolution 0.04 ms Record length 25 Duration 1 ms Adjust Duration via Adjust Duration via record length sample rate Record length 25 Resolution 0.04 ms Record length 50 Resolution 0.08 ms Duration 2 ms Duration 2 ms Resolution 0.02 ms Record length 100 Adjust Resolution...

  • Page 253: Figure 3- -48: Definition Of Gate Parameters 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Duration Zero phase reference Gate position Gate Time domain acquisition Gate width Trigger position Frequency domain samples Figure 3- 48: Definition of gate parameters The gate must reside within the duration interval of the source waveform. If the source waveform duration is adjusted and the gate position and width would result in the gate being outside of that duration then the gate position or width is set within the limits.
  • Page 254 Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Center. This is the frequency at the center of the spectral waveform. Center is equal to the start frequency plus one half of the span. The adjustment range depends on the sample rate and the current span setting. Remember that the span must always be in the interval of zero to one half of the sample rate.

  • Page 255: Figure 3- -49: Effects Of Frequency Domain Control Adjustments 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Center frequency is 1.0 and span is 0.5. Gate width = 200 Increase the center frequency. Decrease the center frequency. Set center frequency back to 1 and decrease the Span. Decrease the Span again. Increase resolution by reducing Resolution BW (increasing the gate length).
  • Page 256 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Using the magnitude controls. Vertical units can be either linear or logarithmic. You can select these choices by touching the Math menu button. Then touch the Spectral Analysis Setup button. Then select the Mag tab. Then select the desired scale type from Linear, dB, or dBm.

  • Page 257: Figure 3- -50: Effects Of Adjusting The Reference Level 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms 20 dB 15 dB 10 dB 0 dB Figure 3- 50: Effects of adjusting the reference level H Reference Level Offset. This changes the value of Ref in the equation for dB shown above. Unlike the Reference Level control, this control actually changes the output data values in the spectrum.
  • Page 258 Creating and Using Math Waveforms To turn on a real or imaginary spectrum, touch the Math button, the Define/Edit Expression Editor button, and then select the Freq tab. Touch either the Real or the Imag menu items to enter an expression. Then touch the Ch tab and one of the channel buttons.

  • Page 259: Threshold 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Magnitude vs. frequency Suppression threshold - - 35 dB Phase vs. frequency 0 ° Figure 3- 52: Example of the effects of setting the phase suppression threshold H Group Delay. When the phase spectrum is a continuous function of frequency, group delay may be computed.
  • Page 260 Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Perform fine adjustment using the front-panel trigger level control H Adjust the front-panel HORIZONTAL POSITION control Using windows to filter. There are eight different spectral analyzer windows: H Rectangular H Hamming H Hanning H Kaiser- -Bessel H Gaussian H Blackman- -Harris H Flattop2...

  • Page 261: Figure 3- -53: Windowing The Time Domain Record 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Source waveform Waveform data points × Point-by-point multiply Window function (Hanning) Waveform after windowing Zero fill With windowing Figure 3- 53: Windowing the time domain record Accurate magnitude measurements require that the input source waveform be stationary within the gate region.

  • Page 262: Table 3- 13: Window Characteristics

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Table 3- 13: Window characteristics Nearest Zero phase Window 3 dB BW in bins Scallop loss side lobe reference Coefficients 0.89 3.96 dB - - 13 dB Rectangular 1.78 dB - - 43 dB 0.543478, 0.456522 Hamming 1.44 1.42 dB...

  • Page 263: Figure 3- -54: Example Of Scallop Loss For A Hanning Window Without Zero Fill 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Hanning scallop loss is 1.42 dB - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 Frequency bins Figure 3- 54: Example of scallop loss for a Hanning window without zero fill H Nearest Side Lobe.

  • Page 264: Figure 3- -55: Time And Frequency Graphs For The Gaussian Window 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Gaussian Window. This is the default window function (see Figure 3- -55). It is unique in that the time-domain shape of an exponential Gaussian function transforms into a Gaussian exponential shape in the frequency domain. This window provides optimal localization in both the time and the frequency domain.

  • Page 265: Figure 3- -56: Time And Frequency Domain Graphs For The Rectangular Window 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Rectangular Window. This window is equal to unity (see Figure 3- -56). This means the data samples in the gate are not modified before input to the spectral analyzer. This window has the narrowest resolution bandwidth of any of the windows, but it also has the most spectral leakage and the highest side lobes.

  • Page 266: Figure 3- -57: Time And Frequency Graphs Of The Hamming Window 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Hamming Window. This window is unique in that the time domain shape does not taper all the way to zero at the ends (see Figure 3- -57). This makes it a good choice if you wanted to process the real and imaginary parts of the spectrum off line and inverse transform it back to the time domain.

  • Page 267: Figure 3- -58: Time And Frequency Graphs For The Hanning Window 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Hanning, Kaiser- -Bessel, and Blackman- -Harris Windows. These windows have various resolution bandwidths and scallop losses (see figures 3- -58, 3- -59, and 3- -60). Choose the one that best allows you to view the signal characteristics that you are interested in.

  • Page 268: Figure 3- -59: Time And Frequency Graphs For The Kaiser-Bessel Window 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Amplitude Time - - 67 dB side lobe - - 40 - - 80 Frequency bins Figure 3- 59: Time and frequency graphs for the Kaiser-Bessel window 3- 200 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 269: Figure 3- -60: Time And Frequency Graphs Of The Blackman-Harris Window 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Amplitude Time - - 92 dB side lobe - - 40 - - 80 Frequency bins Figure 3- 60: Time and frequency graphs of the Blackman-Harris window H Flattop2 Window. This window has the lowest scallop loss of any of the windows (see Figure 3- -61).

  • Page 270: Figure 3- -61: Time And Frequency Domain Graphs For The Flattop2 Window 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Amplitude Time - - 90 dB side lobe - - 40 - - 80 - - 120 Frequency bins Scallop loss is 0.0065 dB - - 0.05 - - 0.1 Frequency bins Figure 3- 61: Time and frequency domain graphs for the Flattop2 window 3- 202 CSA7000B Series &...

  • Page 271: Figure 3- -62: Tek Exponential Window In The Time And The Frequency Domains 3

    H Tek Exponential Window. The Tek Exponential window (see Figure 3- -62) was invented at Tektronix. In the time domain, it is not a symmetrical bell shape as is the case with the other windows (see Figure 3- -62). Instead, it is exponential with a peak at the 20% position of the time domain gate.

  • Page 272: Recognizing Aliasing

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms There are only two samples per cycle of a signal that have a frequency equal to one half of the sample rate. This is the highest nonaliased signal that can be output from the spectral analyzer. Thus, at this frequency, one sample of acquisition jitter will show up in the spectrum as 180 degree phase variations.

  • Page 273: Figure 3- -63: How Aliased Frequencies Appear In A Spectral Waveform 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Higher order harmonics usually have decreasing magnitudes compared to lower order harmonics. Thus, if you see a series of increasing harmonic magnitude values as frequency increases, then you can suspect that they may be aliased. In the spectral math waveform, the actual higher frequency components are undersampled, and therefore, they appear as lower frequency aliases that “fold back”...

  • Page 274: To Select A Predefined Spectral Math Waveform

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Swept Sine Wave Analysis. Many applications of the spectral analyzer require swept sine wave input. The following equation determines the maximum sweep speed of the sine wave generator for a given span and resolution bandwidth. ( freq span * K ) T = minimum time to sweep the sine over the requested span freq span = frequency span of interest...

  • Page 275: To Define A Spectral Math Waveform 3

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms To Define a Spectral Math Use the procedure that follows when defining a spectral math waveform. Waveform Remember to ensure that the sources you use exist. Channel sources must be acquiring or have acquired data. These sources do not have to be displayed to be used.
  • Page 276 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Display the To display your spectral waveform, touch either the spectral Apply or the OK button. waveform 3- 208 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...
  • Page 277 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set the Select the Mag tab. magnitude 10. To select the vertical scale factor, touch dB, dBm, or scale Linear. The units will be dB, W, A, V, or whatever units are attached to the spectral analyzer input waveform.
  • Page 278 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set the phase 13. Select the Phase tab. scale 14. To select the vertical scale factor, touch Degree, Radian, or GroupDelay: Degree sets the phase units to degrees. Phase is displayed using degrees as the scale, where degrees wrap from - - 180_ to +180_.
  • Page 279 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set time and 17. Touch the Control tab. frequency 18. To allow changing time and frequency domain controls domain control for one math waveform to change the same controls for tracking another math waveform, touch the Track Time/Freq Domain Controls buttons to toggle them on or off.
  • Page 280 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set the The spectral analyzer center frequency and the frequency span must be within the bandwidth setting determined by the frequency sample rate. domain controls See Figure 3- - 49 on page 3- - 187 to see how a signal consisting of two sine waves looks on screen as the spectral...

  • Page 281: To Define A Spectral Math Waveform

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set the time Time domain controls of the spectral analyzer determine the sample rate and record length of the acquisition. Front panel domain controls controls also affect the sample rate and record length, but not in the same way.
  • Page 282 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Take cursor 27. From the toolbar, touch the Cursor button to display the measurements cursors and the cursor control window. 28. Select the Math tab and touch the numbered button for the spectral waveform that you want to measure.

  • Page 283: Spectral Math Example

    Creating and Using Math Waveforms Spectral Math Example The following procedure is an example of setting up the instrument to perform spectral analysis of a signal. This example uses the probe compensation signal available on the front panel of the instrument. Overview Spectral math example Control elements and resources...
  • Page 284 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview Spectral math example (cont.) Control elements and resources Display the From the toolbar, touch Math, and select the spectral math Math 1 tab. waveform Touch the Predefined Mag button. The instrument sets up a predefined magnitude spectral analysis waveform.
  • Page 285 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview Spectral math example (cont.) Control elements and resources Display the Window Type affects the shape of the spectral spectral math analyzer response in the frequency domain; that is, waveform the ability to resolve frequency in the output (Cont.) spectrum.
  • Page 286 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview Spectral math example (cont.) Control elements and resources Set up the 10. From the toolbar, touch Cursors. cursors 11. To assign the cursors to the spectral analysis math waveform, touch the Cursor Source Math tab, and touch the Math 1 button.
  • Page 287 Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview Spectral math example (cont.) Control elements and resources Measure the 14. Use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to set the Curs1 test results Pos to 3.0 kHz and the Curs2 Pos to 11.0 kHz. In this example, the cursors are now on the third and eleventh harmonic of the probe compensation signal.
  • Page 288 Creating and Using Math Waveforms 3- 220 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 289: Data Input/Output

    Data Input/Output This section describes the input and output capabilities of your instrument. Specifically, it covers: H Saving and Recalling a Setup on page 3- -221 H Saving and Recalling Waveforms on page 3- -227 H Exporting and Copying Waveforms on page 3- -235, including exporting and copying of images, waveforms, measurements, and histograms H Printing Waveforms on page 3- -250 H Remote Communication on page 3- -255...

  • Page 290: Using Auto-Increment File Name

    Data Input/Output H Waveforms in Math Waveforms (Math1-Math4). Control settings and the math expression are retained but not the waveform data. Upon setup recall, however, the recalled math waveform expressions will be applied, but math waveform data is not restored. H User Options that are stored in the Windows Registry.

  • Page 291: To Save Your Setup

    Data Input/Output Figure 3- 64: Auto-increment file name feature Enter a Base file name and touch Save. For the initial save, the default count is 000. Your first file is saved as [Basefilename][count].ext, where ext is the file extension. On subsequent saves, the instrument searches for the highest numbered file name and increases the number by one, as in Basefilename001.ext.
  • Page 292 Data Input/Output Overview To save your setup (Cont.) Control elements and resources Display the From the toolbar, touch Setups and select the Save setups control Setups tab of the Setups control window. window Save the setup 4. Touch the number of the setup in which you want to save your setup.
  • Page 293 Data Input/Output Overview To save your setup (Cont.) Control elements and resources Name a Use the Save in: drop-down list and buttons to navigate destination to the directory in which to save your setup. Name your Name your setup file by doing one of the following setup steps: Accepting the default file name that appears in the...

  • Page 294: To Recall Your Setup

    Data Input/Output To Recall Your Setup Use the procedure that follows to recall a setup to the instrument. Remember that recalling a setup replaces the existing setup, which is lost. Overview To recall your setup Control elements and resources Prerequisites 1. The instrument must be powered up.

  • Page 295: Saving And Recalling Waveforms

    Data Input/Output Overview To recall your setup (Cont.) Control elements and resources Select your If not selected, select *.set in the Save as type of file to setup include in the file listing. (Setup files are always type *.set.) Note. Only change the type if you want to temporarily see other types of files in the current directory.

  • Page 296: To Save Your Waveform

    Data Input/Output H Extend the waveform carrying capacity of the instrument. The instrument supports four reference, four channel, and four math waveforms. If you want more than four references, you can save the additional reference to disk for recall later. The Reference Waveform control window contains a Label field for including comments with your saved waveforms.
  • Page 297 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Label the If you want to label the waveform, touch Label, and use waveform your keyboard or the pop-up keyboard to create a label for your waveform. You can label any channel, math, or reference waveform and position the label relative to the display edge and the vertical position of the waveform using the Label control window:...
  • Page 298 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Save the To save the waveform to a file, touch the Save Wfm to waveform to a File Save button, or to save all active waveforms to file files, touch the Save all Wfms to Files Save button.

  • Page 299: To Recall Your Waveform

    Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Save your 10. Touch the Save button to save the waveform file or waveform reference. To cancel without saving, touch the Cancel button. For further 11. For more help on saving waveforms, touch the Help assistance button in the toolbar to access the contextual online help.
  • Page 300 Data Input/Output Overview To recall your waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Recall a To display the Recall Reference Waveform window, reference from the Recall Ref(x) from File window, touch Recall. waveform from a file The Recall Reference Waveform window allows navigation to directories, lists waveform files in the directory, and provides for selection of a waveform file.

  • Page 301: To Clear References

    Data Input/Output Overview To recall your waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Recall your Touch the Recall button to recall the waveform file. To waveform cancel without recalling a waveform, touch the Cancel button. Display your Touch Display to toggle the display of the reference reference waveform on.
  • Page 302 Data Input/Output Overview To clear references (Cont.) Control elements and resources Delete a To display the Delete Reference Waveform window, reference from the Delete Wfm File window, touch Delete. waveform file The Delete Reference Waveform window allows navigation to directories, lists waveform files in the directory, and provides for selection of a waveform file.

  • Page 303: Exporting And Copying Waveforms

    Data Input/Output Overview To clear references (Cont.) Control elements and resources Delete the file 8. Touch the Delete button to Delete the file. To cancel without deleting a file, touch the Cancel button. For further For more help on deleting files, touch the Help button assistance to access contextual online help.

  • Page 304: To Export Your Waveform

    Data Input/Output H JPEG creates files (.jpg) in a compressed image format usable by many graphic programs. H PNG creates files (.png) in a compressed image format that is nonlossy. H Spreadsheet creates files (.CSV) in a format usable by spreadsheets (Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, and Quattro Pro).
  • Page 305 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Select for From the menu bar, select File, and then select Select export for Export. The menu lists all available waveform, image, and measurement types available for export: Full Screen to export a bitmap of all screen contents Graticule to export a bitmap of only the graticule...
  • Page 306 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Setup to export Select the Images tab to display the Images control images window. In the Palette window, select Color or Black & White for the color palette of your exported images. In the View window, select whether you want to export the Full Screen or Graticules Only.
  • Page 307 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Setup to export 10. Select the Waveforms tab to display the Waveforms waveforms control window. 11. Touch Data Destination, and select the destination (format) of your exported waveform file (see File Formats on page 3- - 235 for information on the available formats).
  • Page 308 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources 15. In the Waveform data range window, select the data to include in the exported files: Samples to enter the data range of the data to include in the exported files Save Samples between Cursors to include data between the cursors in the exported files Save Samples in Zoom Area to include data in...
  • Page 309 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Setup to export 17. Select the Measurements tab to display the Measure- measurements ments control window. 18. Touch Data Format, and select the data format (text or numeric) from the list. 19.
  • Page 310 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Export your file 21. To export the file, from the menu bar, select Export. You can also attach the front-panel PRINT button to Export. Then, pressing the PRINT button will export your file.
  • Page 311 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Edit path and file name Name the file 24. Select the file type in the Save as type drop-down list to force the file listing to only include these types. Use *.dat for waveforms.

  • Page 312: To Use An Exported Waveform 3

    Data Input/Output To Use an How you use the exported waveform depends on your application. The following Exported Waveform example is a simple application; the procedure is general and may require adapting for your spreadsheet or other data-analysis tool. Overview To use exported waveforms Control elements and resources Prerequisites 1.
  • Page 313 Data Input/Output Overview To use exported waveforms (Cont.) Control elements and resources Begin your Touch the row or column number to select the entire row chart or column containing your imported waveform values (see right). Select the Chart button from the toolbar or from the Insert menu.

  • Page 314: To Use An Exported Waveform

    Data Input/Output Overview To use exported waveforms (Cont.) Control elements and resources For further For more help on exporting waveforms, touch the Help button in the window to access contextual online assistance help. See page 3- - 263 to learn about accessing online help. To Copy Your Waveform Use the procedure that follows to copy a waveform to the clipboard.
  • Page 315 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Setup to copy Select the Images tab to display the Images control images window. In the Palette window, select Color or Black & White for the color palette of your copied images. In the View window, select whether you want to copy the Full Screen or Graticules Only.
  • Page 316 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Setup to copy Touch Source Waveform, and select the source of the waveforms waveform (a channel, math, or reference waveform) to (Cont.) copy from the list. 10. If you want waveform scale factors included in your Mathcad files, touch Include waveform scale factors.
  • Page 317 Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources 13. If using FastFrame, select the frame range to include in the copied files: All Frames to include all frames in the copied files Frames to enter a range of frames to include in the copied files Setup to copy 14.

  • Page 318: Printing Waveforms

    Data Input/Output Printing Waveforms You can print the display screen, including any waveforms displayed. Before you can print, you must install and set up your printer. Consult the instructions that come with your printer. Also for printer setup instructions, you can display Windows help and access its section on printers.

  • Page 319: To Set Up The Page

    Data Input/Output To Set Up the Page To set the format of the printed page, from the menu bar select the File menu, and then select Page Setup. The instrument displays the Page Setup window shown in Figure 3- -67. H Paper: select the paper size and source from the drop-down lists.

  • Page 320: To Preview The Page

    Data Input/Output Figure 3- 67: Page setup window To Preview the Page To preview your printout, from the menu bar select the File menu, and then select Print Preview. The instrument displays the standard MS Windows XP Print Preview window shown in Figure 3- -68. Access the Windows help system for more information.

  • Page 321: To Print Using Print Screen 3

    Data Input/Output Figure 3- 68: Print preview window To Print Using Pressing the Windows Print Screen key copies the currently displayed bitmap to Print Screen the clipboard. This bitmap does not include the instrument waveforms or graticule. The waveforms and graticule are displayed by the graphics adapter outside of normal Windows mechanisms.

  • Page 322: To Date/Time Stamp Hardcopies

    Data Input/Output To Date/Time Stamp You can display the current date and time on screen so that they appear on Hardcopies hardcopies that you print. To date and time stamp your hardcopy, do the following steps: Overview To date/time stamp hardcopies Control elements and resources Prerequisites 1.

  • Page 323: Remote Communication

    Data Input/Output Remote Communication Remote communication is performed through the GPIB interface. Consult the online Programmer Guide for help with establishing remote communication and control of the instrument. To access the Programmer Guide, locate the Product Software CD that was shipped with the instrument.
  • Page 324 Data Input/Output 3- 256 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 325: Myscope

    MyScope MyScope allows you to create custom control windows that include only the controls that you use regularly. Instead of switching between several control windows, you can put the controls that you use into a custom control window. Creating MyScope Control This section contains procedures for creating MyScope control windows.
  • Page 326 MyScope Overview To create a new MyScope control window (Cont.) Control elements and resources Click a control to preview it. Make control selections Double-click the control or click the + to expand the control list. (If there is no +, then the control cannot be customized further.) Clear the check boxes to remove any components that you do not want included in the control.
  • Page 327 MyScope Overview To create a new MyScope control window (Cont.) Control elements and resources Click New Tab to add a tab to your MyScope control Add tabs window. You can have up to eight tabs. To rename a tab do one of the following: Click Rename Tab Double-click the tab Then type the new name.

  • Page 328: Using Myscope Control Windows

    MyScope Using MyScope Control Windows The following section describes how to use MyScope control windows after you have created them. To Open a MyScope Use the following procedure to open an existing MyScope control window. Control Window Overview To open a MyScope control window Control elements and resources Select MyScope >...
  • Page 329 MyScope To Display the Active Use the following procedure to display the active MyScope control window. Myscope Control Window Overview To display the active MyScope control window Control elements and resources Select MyScope > Current... or click MyScope in the Select from toolbar mode.
  • Page 330 MyScope 3- 262 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 331: Accessing Online Help

    Accessing Online Help This manual represents only part of the user assistance available to you — the online help system, integrated as part of the instrument user interface, provides quick-to-access support for operating this instrument. This section describes the help system and how to access it. This instrument provides the following help resources online: H Help Topics H Programmers Guide...
  • Page 332 Accessing Online Help Overview To use online help (Cont.) Control elements and resources For in-depth, When using the toolbar and you have a control window displayed, touch the Help button to open the help contextual system with an overview of the control window that is overviews currently displayed.
  • Page 333 Accessing Online Help Overview To use online help (Cont.) Control elements and resources To dig deeper You can search for help using the usual methods available for help on a PC: From the menu bar, select Help, and then select Contents and Index. From the online help finder (see below), choose from the three tabs.
  • Page 334 Accessing Online Help Overview To use online help (Cont.) Control elements and resources To enable If you cannot find the information in the Contents or Index tabs of the online finder, you may want to enable full-text full text search: From the application menu bar, select search Help, and then select Contents and Index.

  • Page 335: Appendix A: Specifications

    Appendix A: Specifications This chapter contains the specifications for the CSA7000B Series Communica- tions Signal Analyzers and the TDS7000B Series Digital Phosphor Oscillo- scopes. All specifications are guaranteed unless labeled “typical.” Typical specifications are provided for your convenience but are not guaranteed. Specifications that are marked with the n symbol are checked in chapter four, Performance Verification, of the service manual.

  • Page 336: Product And Feature Description

    Your instrument is shown in Table A- -1. Table A- 1: Instrument models Number of Maximum sample Model channels Bandwidth rate (real time) TDS7704B 7 GHz 20 GS/s CSA7404B 4 GHz 20 GS/s TDS7404B 4 GHz 20 GS/s TDS7254B 2.5 GHz 20 GS/s TDS7154B 1.5 GHz...

  • Page 337: Display Features

    Appendix A: Specifications Optical-to-Electrical Converter. CSA7000B Series only. Test optical signals using the integrated optical-to-electrical converter and a fully calibrated signal path. Recovered clock and data signals are available. Optical reference receivers are available for selected optical communications standards. Signal Processing Average, Envelope, and Hi Res Acquisition.

  • Page 338: Trigger Features

    Appendix A: Specifications Automatic Measurements. Choose from a large palette of amplitude, time, and histogram measurements. You can customize the measurements by changing reference levels or by adding measurement gating. Mask Testing. Optional on TDS7000B Series. Provides mask testing for verifying compliance to optical (CSA7000B Series only) and electrical standards.

  • Page 339: Specification Tables

    DC 50 Ω and GND nInput impedance, DC coupled 50 Ω ±2.5% at 25 _C (77 _F), 0.2% over 0 to 50 _C (122 _F) VSWR, typical CSA7404B, TDS7404B, TDS7254B, & 1.5 for f <1 GHz TDS7154B 1.7 for f <2.5 GHz...
  • Page 340 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description nMaximum input voltage, <1 V for <100 mV/division settings and CSA7404B, TDS7404B, TDS7254B, & <5 V 100 mV settings TDS7154B 45 °C TDS7704B <6.5 V 100 mV settings for temperatrues 45 °C...
  • Page 341 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description CSA7404B, TDS7404B, TDS7254B, & 2 mV/div to 3.98 mV/div (2.5% +(6% | net offset/1V | )) TDS7154B TDS7154B 4 mV/div to 99.5 mV/div (2% +(2% | net offset/1V | ))
  • Page 342 DC 50 Ω coupling, Full bandwidth, operating ambient 15 °C to 30 °C (59 °F to Analog bandwidth with P7240 active probe or 86 °F), derated by 20 MHz/°C above 30 °C (86 °F) TCA-BNC adapter, typical CSA7404B & TDS7404B CSA7404B & TDS7404B SCALE range Bandwidth 2 mV/div to 3.9 mV/div...
  • Page 343 DC 50 Ω coupling, Full bandwidth, operating ambient 15 °C to 30 °C, derated by Analog bandwidth with P7330 active probe, 20 MHz/°C above 30 °C typical CSA7404B and TDS7404B CSA7404B and TDS7404B SCALE range Bandwidth 2 mV/div to 3.9 mV/div DC to 1 GHz 4 mV/div to 9.9 mV/div...
  • Page 344 Net offset is the nominal voltage that must be applied to the channel to bring the trace to center screen. Net offset = offset - - ( position volts/division). Offset accuracy is the accuracy of this voltage level. CSA7404B, TDS7404B, TDS7254B, & SCALE range Offset accuracy TDS7154B TDS7154B ±(0.2%...

  • Page 345: Table A- 3: Horizontal And Acquisition System Specifications

    Delay between channels ≤ 30 ps between any two channels with the same scale and coupling settings n Channel-to-channel crosstalk ≥15:1 at rated bandwidth (CSA7404B, TDS7704B, TDS7404B & TDS7254B only), ≥ 80:1 at 1.5 GHz or the rated bandwidth, whichever is less.
  • Page 346 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 3: Horizontal and acquisition system specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Equivalent-time sample rate or interpolated Equivalent-time acquisition can be enabled or disabled. When disabled, waveforms waveform rate range are interpolated at the fastest time base settings. 10GS/s to 1TS/s Acquisition modes Sample, Peak detect, Hi Res, Average, Envelope, and Waveform database...
  • Page 347 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 3: Horizontal and acquisition system specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Maximum record length, HiRes mode, sample 2,000,000 points (1, 2, 3, or 4 channels) rate 1.25 GS/s Seconds/division range 50 ps/div to 10 s/div Maximum FastFrame update rate, nominal 265,000 frames per second Frame length and maximum number of frames Maximum number of frames for Sample or Peak Detect acquisition mode,...
  • Page 348 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 3: Horizontal and acquisition system specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Update rate, maximum Fast Acquisition on: 400,000 waveforms per second Fast Acquisition off: 60 waveforms per second n Internal time-base reference frequency 10 MHz 2.5 ppm over any 100 ms interval.

  • Page 349: Table A- 4: Trigger Specifications

    Trigger jitter, typical TDS7704B 1.2 ps rms for low frequency, fast rise time signal CSA7404B & TDS7404B 1.5 ps rms for low frequency, fast rise time signal TDS7254B, & TDS7154B 2 ps rms for low frequency, fast rise time signal n Edge Trigger Sensitivity All sources, for vertical scale settings ≥10 mV/div and ≤1 V/div...
  • Page 350 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 4: Trigger specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Edge trigger sensitivity, 4 GHz, typical CSA7404B, TDS7704B, TDS7404B CH1 — CH4 Trigger coupling Sensitivity Main trigger, DC coupled 2.7 divisions at 4 GHz All sources, for vertical scale settings ≥10 mV/div and ≤1 V/div...
  • Page 351 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 4: Trigger specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Transition type Minimum transition time = 0 ps 225 ps Timeout type Minimum timeout time = 340 ps 450 ps Logic or state type, typical Minimum event width = 100 ps 500 ps Setup/Hold type, typical Minimum clock pulse width from active...
  • Page 352 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 4: Trigger specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description n Time-qualified trigger timer accuracy For Glitch, Timeout, or Width types Time range Accuracy ±5% of setting 340 ps to 1.5 s (360 ps to 1.8 ns typical) ±91 ns 1.5 s to 1 s Trigger level or threshold range Trigger Source...

  • Page 353: Table A- -5: Serial Trigger Specifications (Optional On Tds7000B Series

    Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 5: Serial Trigger specifications (optional on TDS7000B Series) Characteristic Description Serial trigger number of bits Serial trigger encoding types nSerial trigger baud rate limits Up to 1.25 GBd Edge trigger, DC coupling, for signals having a slew rate at the trigger point of ≥ 0.5 Serial trigger, serial word recognizer position accuracy division/ns...

  • Page 354: Table A- 7: Input/Output Port Specifications

    Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 7: Input/output port specifications Characteristic Description Rear-panel I/O ports Ports located on the rear panel Video output port Upper video port, DB-15 female connector, connect a second monitor to use dual-monitor display mode. Video is DDC2B compliant. Scope XGA video port Lower video port, DB-15 female connector, 31.6 kHz sync, EIA RS-343A compliant, connect to show the instrument display, including live waveforms,...
  • Page 355 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 7: Input/output port specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description n Probe Compensator Output Front-panel BNC connector, requires Probe Cal Deskew Fixture for probe attachment Note: During probe calibration only, a relay switches a DC calibration voltage to this output in place of the 1 kHz square wave. This voltage varies from - - 10 V to +10 V with a source impedance less than 1 Ω...
  • Page 356 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 7: Input/output port specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Auxiliary Output pulse width, typical Pulse width varies, 1 s minimum External reference Run SPC whenever the external reference is more than 2000 ppm different than the internal reference or the reference at which SPC was last run. Frequency range 9.8 MHz to 10.2 MHz nInput sensitivity...

  • Page 357: Table A- -8: O/E Converter (Csa7000B Series Only

    (1.6 W +0.1 division W/div) from 10 W to 50 W per division vertical scale setting nMaximum noise output, rms CSA7404B: 1310 nm and 1550 nm 1.1 W + (6.5% of W/div setting) 1.1 W + (6.5% of W/div setting) 850 nm 2.1 W + (6.5% of W/div setting)
  • Page 358 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 8: O/E converter (CSA7000B Series only) (Cont.) Characteristic Description Optical return loss, typical With 50 m or 62.5 m core multimode fiber (CPC6): >14 dB for 780 nm 20 nm >14 dB for 850 nm 20 nm With 9 m core singlemode fiber (SMF-28): >28 dB for 1310 nm...

  • Page 359: Table A- 9: Data Storage Specifications

    (Tektronix part number 159-0046-00, Bussman ABC-8, Littelfuse 314008) 5 mm 20 mm size IEC127, sheet 1, fast acting “F”, high breaking capacity: 6.3 A, 250 V (Tektronix part number 159-0381-00, Bussman GDA 6.3, Littelfuse 21606.3) A- 25 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 360: Table A- 11: Mechanical Specifications

    Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 11: Mechanical specifications Characteristic Description Weight Benchtop configuration 17.7 kg (39 lbs) instrument only 19.1 kg (42 lbs) with fully accessorized pouch 38.8 kg (85.5 lbs) when packaged for domestic shipment Rackmount kit 18.6 kg (41 lbs) rackmounted instrument 5.6 kg (12.5 lbs) kit packaged for domestic shipment Dimensions Benchtop configuration...

  • Page 361: Table A- 12: Environmental Specifications

    Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 12: Environmental specifications Characteristic Description +5 °C to +50 °C (41 °F to +122 °F), excluding floppy disk and compact disk drives Temperature, operating +10 °C to +45 °C (50 °F to +113 °F), including floppy disk and compact disk drives - - 22 °C to +60 °C (71 °F to +140 °F) Nonoperating 20% to 90% relative humidity with a maximum wet bulb temperature of +29 °C...

  • Page 362: Table A- 13: Certifications And Compliances

    Voltage Changes, Fluctuations, and Flicker If interconnect cables are used, they must be low-EMI shielded cables such as the following Tektronix part numbers or their equivalents: 012-0991-00, 012-0991-01, 012-0991-02 or 012-0991-03 GPIB Cable; 012-1213-00 (or CA part number 0294-9) RS-232 Cable;...
  • Page 363 Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 13: Certifications and compliances (Cont.) Category Standards or description EC Declaration of Conformity - - Compliance was demonstrated to the following specification as listed in the Official Journal of the Low Voltage European Union: Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC EN 61010-1/A2:1995 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use.
  • Page 364 Appendix A: Specifications A- 30 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 365: Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported

    Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported This appendix provides a list of all supported measurements and their defini- tions. An illustration showing the levels used to take measurements is also included. Table B- 1: Supported measurements and their definition Name Definition Amplitude Voltage measurement.
  • Page 366 Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 1: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Name Definition The value used as 0% whenever High Ref, Mid Ref, and Low Ref values are needed (as in fall time and rise time measurements). May be calculated using either the min/max or the histogram method.
  • Page 367 Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 1: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Name Definition Positive Overshoot Voltage measurement over the entire waveform or gated region. Max–High PositiveOvershoot 100% Amplitude Positive Width Timing measurement of the first pulse in the waveform or gated region. The distance (time) between MidRef (default 50%) amplitude points of a positive pulse.
  • Page 368 Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 2: Comm measurements and their definition Name Definition Ext Ratio The ratio of eye top to base. Ext Ratio = PTop /PBase mean mean Extinction Ratio % The ratio of eye base to top in %. Ext Ratio % = 100*(PBase /PTop mean...

  • Page 369: Levels Used In Taking Amplitude, Timing, And Area Measurements

    Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 2: Comm measurements and their definition (Cont.) Name Definition S/N Ratio Ratio of the signal amplitude to the noise of the top or base of the signal as specified by the user. by the user. S/N Ratio = (PTop - - PBase)/(PTop or PBase sigma...

  • Page 370: Levels Used In Taking Eye Measurements

    Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported High. The value used as the 100% level in amplitude measurements, such as Peak and +Overshoot. High is also used to help derive the HighRef, MidRef, MidRef2, and LowRef values. Low. The value used as the 0% level in amplitude measurements, such as Peak and - -Overshoot.
  • Page 371 Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported PTop TCross TCross PCross PCross PBase Aperture Figure B- 2: Eye-diagram and optical values P Values The P values include the mean and standard deviation of the vertical location of PTop and PBase. These areas are used with a specified sample size to statisti- cally measure the following values: H PTop , the mean value of PTop...

  • Page 372: T1 Values

    Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported T1 Values The T1 values are vertical and horizontal values associated with the leftmost crossing point. These areas are used to establish the following directions: H TCross1 , the horizontal mean of the left crossing point at TCross mean H TCross1 , the horizontal standard deviation of the left crossing point...

  • Page 373: Measurements Annotations

    Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Measurements Annotations Table B- -3 describes the annotations for each measurement. Table B- 3: Supported measurements and their definition Measurements Annotation descriptions Amplitude Amplitude 2 horizontal bars indicating the amplitude value. measurement High 1 horizontal bar indicating the high value. annotations 1 horizontal bar indicating the low value.
  • Page 374 Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 3: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Measurements Annotation descriptions Time These annotations are not visible when the reference level units are absolute instead of a percentage. measurement Rise Time 2 horizontal arrows facing each other at the high and low ref indicating the start and end time. annotations In detailed mode there are 2 horizontal bars indicating the high and low.
  • Page 375 Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 3: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Measurements Annotation descriptions Histogram Wfm Ct None measurement Hts in Box None annotations Peak Hits 1 vertical or horizontal bar indicating the peak hits. Median 1 vertical or horizontal bar indicating the median bin. 1 vertical or horizontal bar indicating the max bin.
  • Page 376 Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 3: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Measurements Annotation descriptions Comm Ext Ratio 4 horizontal arrows and 2 horizontal bars indicating the eye top, and eye base. measurement annotations Ext Ratio % 4 horizontal arrows and 2 horizontal bars indicating the eye (Cont.) top, and eye base.
  • Page 377 Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 3: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Measurements Annotation descriptions Comm Noise P-P 1 box indicating the histogram boundaries. In detailed mode, 4 horizontal arrows and 2 horizontal bars indicating the eye window left, measurement right, top, and base.
  • Page 378 Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported B- 14 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

  • Page 379: Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Both the instrument menu bar and a toolbar allow you to control instrument operation. Where possible, this manual describes operation using first, the front panel and then, the toolbar. This appendix describes functions available from the menu bar.
  • Page 380 Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 1: File menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Page Setup Displays the Page Setup dialog box that you use to define the page before sending data to a printer Print Preview Shows you a preview of the page before you print the page Print Displays the Print dialog box that you use to send data to your printer Export Setup...

  • Page 381: Edit Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Edit Commands Table C- -2 lists the commands available from the Edit menu on the menu bar. Table C- 2: Edit menu commands Menu Submenu Function Undo Last Autoset Undoes the last autoset Copy Copies the full screen, graticule, waveform, or measurement to the clipboard for use with other applications Select for Copy Full Screen (bitmap)

  • Page 382: Vertical Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Vertical Commands Table C- -3 lists the commands available from the Vertical menu. Table C- 3: Vertical menu commands Menu Submenu Function Vertical Setup Displays the Vertical Setup window that you use to set the position, scale, offset, termination, coupling, and bandwidth of a channel.

  • Page 383: Horizontal And Acquisition Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 3: Vertical menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Zoom Setup Displays the Zoom Setup window you use to set up the horizontal and vertical zoom controls Zoom Graticule Size 50/50% Sets the zoom graticule split mode to 50/50% 80%/20% Sets the zoom graticule split mode to 80/20% 100%...
  • Page 384 Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 4: Horiz/Acq menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Run/Stop Displays the Run/Stop control window that you can use to start and stop acquisitions, control a single sequence of acquisitions, and display the acquisition status Delay Mode On Toggles horizontal delay mode on and off Roll Mode Auto...

  • Page 385: Trigger Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 4: Horiz/Acq menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Zoom Graticule Size 50/50% Sets the zoom graticule split mode to 50/50% 80%/20% Sets the zoom graticule split mode to 80/20% 100% Sets the zoom graticule split mode to 100% Size Displays the Zoom Display Area control window that you use to set the zoom graticule size...
  • Page 386 Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 5: Trig menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Edge Setup Displays the Trigger Setup window and sets up the selected trigger type Glitch Setup Width Setup Runt Setup Window Setup Timeout Setup Transition Setup Setup/Hold Setup Logic Pattern Setup Logic State Setup...

  • Page 387: Display Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Display Commands Table C- -6 lists the commands available from the Display menu. Table C- 6: Display menu commands Menu Submenu Function Display Setup Displays the Display Setup window (select the display appearance, display screen text, display screen objects, and select colors) Appearance Displays the Appearance tab of the Display Setup window (select the display style, persistence, intensity, format, and interpolation)
  • Page 388 Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 6: Display menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Record View Palette Normal, Choose Normal to use system colors for best viewing Monochrome Gray, Choose Green to display waveforms in shades of green Monochrome Green, Temperature Grading, Choose Gray to display waveforms in shades of gray Spectral Grading...

  • Page 389: Cursors Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Cursors Commands Table C- -7 lists the commands available from the Cursors menu. Table C- 7: Cursor menu commands Menu Submenu Function Cursor Controls Displays the Cursor Controls window that you use to set up and control cursors Cursors On Toggles cursors on and off Cursor Type...
  • Page 390 Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 8: Measure menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Time Rise Time, Fall Time, Displays the selected measurement of the selected waveform Positive Width, Negative Width, Period, Frequency, Delay, Pos Duty Cycle, Neg Duty Cycle Comm Ext Ratio, Ext Ratio %, Displays the selected measurement of the selected waveform...

  • Page 391: Masks Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 8: Measure menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Annotation Standard, Detailed, Off, Allows you to select the type of measurement annotations, turn measurement Meas1, Meas 2, Meas 3, annotations off, or to select the measurement that you want to annotate. Meas 4, Meas 5, Meas 6, Meas 7, Meas 8 Masks Commands...

  • Page 392: Application Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 10: Math menu commands Menu Submenu Function Math Setup Displays the Math Setup control window that you use to create math waveforms Display On/Off Toggles the display of math waveforms on and off Position/Scale Displays the vertical Position and Scale control window that you can use to change the vertical position and scale of waveforms...

  • Page 393: Utilities Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Utilities Commands Table C- -12 lists the commands available from the Utilities menu. Table C- 12: Utilities menu commands Menu Submenu Function Tek Secure Erase Erases all setup and reference memory Set Time & Date Displays a menu that you use to set the instrument date and time GPIB Configuration Displays a control window that you use to set the GPIB talk/listen mode and the...

  • Page 394: Help Commands

    Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Help Commands Table C- -13 lists the commands available from the Help menu on the menu bar. Table C- 13: Help menu commands Menu Submenu Function Help on Window Displays online help on the current window Contents and Index Displays the contents and index dialog of the online help Restore Help...
  • Page 395 Use only deionized water when cleaning the front-panel buttons. Use a 75% isopropyl alcohol solution as a cleaner and rinse with deionized water. Before using any other type of cleaner, consult your Tektronix Service Center or representative.
  • Page 396 Appendix D: Cleaning Flat Panel Display Cleaning The display is soft plastic and must be treated with care during cleaning. CAUTION. Improper cleaning agents or methods can damage the flat panel display. Do not use abrasive cleaners or commercial glass cleaners to clean the display. Do not spray liquids directly on the display surface.
  • Page 397 Glossary AC coupling A type of signal transmission that blocks the DC component of a signal but uses the dynamic (AC) component. Accuracy The closeness of the indicated value to the true value. Acquisition The process of sampling signals from input channels, digitizing the samples into data points, and assembling the data points into a waveform record.
  • Page 398 Glossary Area Measurement of the waveform area taken over the entire waveform or the gated region. Expressed in mixed amplitude and time units, such as volt-seconds. Area above ground is positive; area below ground is negative. Attenuation The degree the amplitude of a signal is reduced when it passes through an attenuating device such as a probe or attenuator.
  • Page 399 Glossary Control knob See Knob. Channel One type of input used for signal acquisition. The instrument has four channels. Channel/probe deskew A relative time delay for each channel. This lets you align signals to compensate for the fact that signals may come in from cables of differing length.
  • Page 400 Glossary Decibel: a method of expressing power or voltage ratios. The decibel scale is logarithmic. It is often used to express the efficiency of power distribution systems when the ratio consists of the energy put into the system divided by the energy delivered (or in some cases, lost) by the system.
  • Page 401 Glossary Display system The part of the instrument that shows waveforms, measurements, control windows, status, and other parameters. Dragging The act of changing your touch panel selection by moving your finger without removing it from the screen. The selection that is activated is the last one that you were touching before removing your finger.
  • Page 402 Glossary Fall Time A measurement of the time it takes for the trailing edge of a pulse to fall from a HighRef value (typically 90%) to a LowRef value (typically 10%) of its amplitude. Fiber Optics A method of transmitting information in which light is modulated and transmitted over high-purity, filaments of glass.
  • Page 403 Glossary Ground (GND) coupling Coupling option that disconnects the input signal from the vertical system. Hardcopy An electronic copy of the display in a format useable by a printer or plotter. Hi Res acquisition mode An acquisition mode in which the instrument averages all samples taken during an acquisition interval to create a record point.
  • Page 404 Glossary Initialize Setting the instrument to a completely known, default condition. Interpolation The way the instrument calculates values for record points when the instrument cannot acquire all the points for a complete record with a single trigger event. That condition occurs when the instrument is limited to real time sampling and the time base is set to a value that exceeds the effective sample rate of the instrument.
  • Page 405 Glossary Logic state trigger The instrument checks for defined combinatorial logic conditions on channels 1, 2, and 3 on a transition of channel 4 that meets the set slope and threshold conditions. If the conditions of channels 1, 2, and 3 are met then the instrument triggers.
  • Page 406 Glossary Measurement Tracking The process of automatically adjusting the measurement parameters to reflect changes in the trace. Mesial The middle point of a range of points. The middle measurement point between proximal and distal points for timing measurements, and the intermediate height between baseline and topline for amplitude measure- ments.
  • Page 407 Glossary Negative width A timing measurement of the distance (time) between two amplitude points — falling-edge MidRef (default 50%) and rising-edge MidRef (default 50%) — on a negative pulse. Normal trigger mode A mode on which the instrument does not acquire a waveform record unless a valid trigger event occurs.
  • Page 408 Glossary Persistence The amount of time a data point remains displayed. There are three persistence modes available in the instrument Variable, Infinite, and Off. Phase A timing measurement between two waveforms of the amount one leads or lags the other in time. Phase is expressed in degrees, where 360_ comprise one complete cycle of one of the waveforms.
  • Page 409 Glossary Probe An input device. Probe compensation Adjustment that improves low-frequency response of a probe. Proximal The point closest to a reference point. As used in the instrument, the beginning measurement point for timing measurements. Pulse trigger A trigger mode in which triggering occurs if the instrument finds a pulse, of the specified polarity, with a width between, or optionally outside the user-specified lower and upper time limits.
  • Page 410 Glossary Rise time The time it takes for a leading edge of a pulse to rise from a LowRef value (typically 10%) to a HighRef value (typically 90%) of its amplitude. Amplitude (voltage) measurement of the true Root Mean Square voltage. Runt trigger A mode in which the instrument triggers on a runt.
  • Page 411 Glossary Setup/Hold trigger A mode in which the instrument triggers when a data source changes state within the setup or hold time relative to a clock source. Positive setup times precede the clock edge; positive hold times follow the clock edge. The clock edge may be the rising or falling edge.
  • Page 412 Glossary Time base The set of parameters that let you define the time and horizontal axis attributes of a waveform record. The time base determines when and how long to acquire record points. Timeout trigger A trigger mode in which triggering occurs if the instrument does NOT find a pulse, of the specified polarity and level, within the specified time period.
  • Page 413 Glossary Waveform database mode An acquisition mode that processes and displays a larger sample of data. The waveform database is a three-dimensional accumulation of source waveform data over several acquisitions. In addition to amplitude and timing informa- tion, the database includes a count of the number of times a specific waveform point has been acquired.
  • Page 414 Glossary Glossary- 18 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...
  • Page 415 Index Symbols pattern, 3- - 96 polarity and width, 3- - 83, 3- - 85, 3- - 87 **Empty**, C- - 14 positive, 3- - 83, 3- - 85, 3- - 87, 3- - 89 <, A Trigger control window, 3- - 84 pulse, 3- - 83, 3- - 85, 3- - 87, 3- - 89, 3- - 94 >, A Trigger control window, 3- - 84 rising edge, 3- - 98, 3- - 100...
  • Page 416 Index modes, 3- - 35 to take a single acquisition, 3- - 32 Envelope, 3- - 49 to turn off roll mode acquisitions, 3- - 33 record, 3- - 36 trigger point, 3- - 36 sampling (see sampling), 3- - 35 untriggered roll, 3- - 28 Acquisition controls untriggered roll with single sequence, 3- - 28...
  • Page 417 Index undoing, 3- - 15 reference indicator, Glossary- - 3 undo, C- - 5 trigger input, 3- - 64, 3- - 70 Autoset Undo, 3- - 15 Channel- - probe deskew, 3- - 162, Glossary- - 3 Autoset undo, C- - 3 Channels AUX Out configuration, C- - 15 deskew, 3- - 162...
  • Page 418 Index Controlling data input and output, 3- - 221 Copy, C- - 3 a waveform, 3- - 246 DATA, 3- - 56 setup, C- - 3 Data, controlling input and output, 3- - 221 waveforms, 3- - 246 Data Clear, 3- - 133 Copy MyScope control window, 3- - 261 Data input/output, 3- - 221 Copying waveforms, 3- - 235...
  • Page 419 Index retaining current settings, 3- - 222 setting, 3- - 133, 3- - 254 save all waveforms to files, 3- - 230 dB, 3- - 209, Glossary- - 4 save the file, 3- - 243 dBm, Glossary- - 4 save the setup, 3- - 224 DC coupling, Glossary- - 4 save the waveform to a file, 3- - 230 DC offset, with math waveforms, 3- - 174...
  • Page 420 Index Display control window adjust the horizontal reference, 3- - 125 dots, 3- - 134 change graticule style, 3- - 137 infinite persistence, 3- - 134 change waveforms colors, 3- - 137 variable persistence, 3- - 134 checking the zoom scale and position, 3- - 130 vectors, 3- - 134 color palette, 3- - 132 Display controls, intensity, 3- - 46...
  • Page 421 Index select a persistence mode, 3- - 136 select the display persistence, 3- - 135 select the display style, 3- - 135 ECL, 3- - 84, 3- - 90, 3- - 95, 3- - 100 select zoom, 3- - 127 A Trigger level, 3- - 75, 3- - 76 set date and time, 3- - 133 Edge...
  • Page 422 Index height, B- - 4 FastFrame setup, horizontal menu, 3- - 50, 3- - 54 top, B- - 4 FFT math waveform width, B- - 4 automated measurements of, 3- - 205 Eye base, C- - 12 phase suppression, 3- - 210 Eye height, C- - 12 procedure for displaying, 3- - 207 Eye top, C- - 12...
  • Page 423 Index Fuses, 1- - 9 customer feedback, C- - 16 help on window, C- - 16 restore help, C- - 16 specifications, C- - 16 technical support, C- - 16 Gate controls, 3- - 184 Hi Res, 3- - 25 Gated measurements, Glossary- - 6 acquisition mode, Glossary- - 7 Gating, 3- - 150, C- - 12...
  • Page 424 Index reference, 3- - 120, 3- - 123 Intensified samples, 3- - 135, C- - 9 scale, 3- - 21, 3- - 122 Intensity, 3- - 46, Glossary- - 8 zoom, 3- - 130 display menu, 3- - 46 Horizontal menu Waveform, 3- - 133 FastFrame setup, 3- - 50, 3- - 54 Interleaving, 3- - 40, Glossary- - 8...
  • Page 425 Index pattern, Glossary- - 9 cursor measurements, 3- - 173 state, 3- - 79, 3- - 80, Glossary- - 9 defining math waveforms, 3- - 168 Logic triggering, 3- - 77 defining spectral math waveforms, 3- - 182 Logic, A Trigger control window, 3- - 98, 3- - 99 See also Spectral Math logic, 3- - 96 derivative.
  • Page 426 Index burst width, C- - 12 snapshot, C- - 11 Comm, C- - 12 standard deviation, C- - 12 crossing %, C- - 12 statistics, C- - 12 cycle area, C- - 12 statistics controls, C- - 12 cycle distortion, C- - 12 time, C- - 12 cycle mean, C- - 11 value count, C- - 12...
  • Page 427 Index period, B- - 2, Glossary- - 11 display the cursor controls window, 3- - 155 phase, B- - 2, Glossary- - 12 enable & position the gates, 3- - 150 pk-pk, B- - 3 FastFrame, 3- - 142 positive duty cycle, B- - 2 gates, 3- - 141 positive overshoot, B- - 3 gating, 3- - 150...
  • Page 428 Index sources, 3- - 141, 3- - 142 Neg overshoot, C- - 11 split cursors, 3- - 151 Negative duty cycle, B- - 2 standard deviation, 3- - 146 Negative overshoot, B- - 2 statistics, 3- - 141 Negative width, B- - 2, C- - 12 take a snapshot of measurements, 3- - 149 Negative, A Trigger control window, 3- - 83, 3- - 85, 3- - 87, take measurements on a frame, 3- - 142...
  • Page 429 Index Overshoot, Glossary- - 12 Probe accessories, 1- - 36 cal, C- - 4 calibrate, 3- - 162 calibration fixture, 3- - 162 Page preview, 3- - 252 compensation, Glossary- - 13 Page setup, C- - 2 definition, Glossary- - 13 Palette, printing, 3- - 251 low frequency compensation, 3- - 163 Paper, printing, 3- - 251...
  • Page 430 Index integral math waveforms, 3- - 174 Runt setup, C- - 8 Recovered Runt trigger, 3- - 78, C- - 7, Glossary- - 14 clock, 3- - 55, 3- - 56, 3- - 65, 3- - 117, Glossary- - 13 A Trigger control window, 3- - 85 data, 3- - 55, 3- - 56 how to set up, 3- - 85–3- - 118...
  • Page 431 Index Set to ECL, A Trigger control window, 3- - 90 Specifications, A- - 1 Set to TTL, A Trigger control window, 3- - 90 help menu, C- - 16 Set vertical acquisition window, 3- - 13 Spectral analysis, displaying phase, 3- - 210 Set/hold trigger, 3- - 81 Spectral analyzer controls, 3- - 212 Setting, Glossary- - 14...
  • Page 432 Index how aliased frequencies appear in a spectral time and frequency domain graphs for the Rectangu- waveform, illustrated, 3- - 205 lar window, illustration, 3- - 197 impulse response testing, 3- - 191 time and frequency graphs for the Gaussian Window, Kaiser-Bessel window, 3- - 192, 3- - 194, 3- - 199, 3- - 211 illustration, 3- - 196 linear, 3- - 188, 3- - 209...
  • Page 433 Index Status, calibration, 3- - 161 level marker, 3- - 133 Stddev, B- - 3 line, 3- - 64, 3- - 70 logic, 3- - 77, 3- - 80 marker, 3- - 133 mode, 3- - 65 overview, 3- - 63 Trig events, A- - >B Seq Trigger control window, 3- - 110 pattern, 3- - 79, 3- - 96 Technical support, C- - 16...
  • Page 434 Index runt, C- - 7 select width triggering, 3- - 87 runt setup, C- - 8 sequential trigger reset, 3- - 109 serial pattern, C- - 7 sequential triggering, 3- - 103 serial pattern setup, C- - 8 serial pattern triggering, 3- - 65, 3- - 117 setup/hold, C- - 7 set the data and clock levels, 3- - 100 setup/hold setup, C- - 8...
  • Page 435 Index trigger and horizontal delay summary, 3- - 108 user preferences, C- - 15 trigger based on pulse timeout, 3- - 94 trigger based on pulse width, 3- - 87 trigger coupling, 3- - 67 trigger holdoff, 3- - 66 Value count, C- - 12 trigger location and level from display, 3- - 73 Value mean, C- - 12...
  • Page 436 Index overrange and underrange points, 3- - 18 Gaussian, 3- - 211 overview, 3- - 18 Hamming, 3- - 211 Hanning, 3- - 211 Kaiser- - Bessel, 3- - 211 rectangular, 3- - 211 rectangular vs. bell-shaped, 3- - 197 Waveform, C- - 2, C- - 3, C- - 11, Glossary- - 16 selecting, 3- - 193 acquiring and displaying of, 3- - 7...
  • Page 437 Index setup, 3- - 122, C- - 5, C- - 6 Size, C- - 5 Index- 23 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...
  • Page 438 Index Index- 24 CSA7000B Series & TDS7000B Series Instruments User Manual...

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