Tektronix KEITHLEY SourceMeter 2450 User Manual
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Tektronix KEITHLEY SourceMeter 2450 User Manual

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Model 2450
Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument
User's Manual
2450-900-01 Rev. A / June 2013
*P245090001A*
2450-900-01
A Greater M easure O f Confidence
www.keithley.com
A T ektr onix Company

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  • Page 1 www.keithley.com Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User’s Manual 2450-900-01 Rev. A / June 2013 *P245090001A* 2450-900-01 A Greater M easure O f Confidence A T ektr onix Company...
  • Page 2 Model 2450 ® Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User's Manual © 2013, Keithley Instruments, Inc. Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized reproduction, photocopy, or use of the information herein, in whole or in part, without the prior written approval of Keithley Instruments, Inc. is strictly prohibited. ®...
  • Page 4 Safety precautions The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury.
  • Page 5 impaired. Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card. When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard. Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as protective earth (safety ground) connections.

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Introduction ....................... 1-1 Welcome ..........................1-1 Introduction to this manual ....................1-1 Extended warranty ....................... 1-1 Contact information ......................1-2 CD-ROM contents ........................ 1-2 Organization of manual sections ..................1-3 Applications .......................... 1-3 Using the front-panel interface ................2-1 Front-panel overview ......................
  • Page 7 Table of Contents Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Making basic front-panel measurements ..............4-1 Introduction .......................... 4-1 Equipment required for this example ................... 4-2 Device connections ......................4-2 Making front-panel measurements ..................4-2 Procedure for making front-panel measurements ..............4-3 Measuring low-resistance devices ................
  • Page 8 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Table of Contents Device connections ......................7-4 Remote control of FET testing using SCPI commands ............7-5 Using SCPI commands with the trigger model to set up the test ..........7-6 Using SCPI commands in a linear sweep to set up the test ............7-8 Remote control of FET testing using TSP commands ............

  • Page 10: Introduction

    Section 1 Introduction In this section: Welcome .................. 1-1 Introduction to this manual ............1-1 Extended warranty ..............1-1 Contact information ..............1-2 CD-ROM contents ..............1-2 Organization of manual sections ..........1-3 Applications ................1-3 Welcome ® Thank you for choosing a Keithley Instruments product. The Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter instrument is a precise, low-noise instrument that combines a stable DC power supply, true current source, electronic load, and a high-impedance multimeter.

  • Page 11: Contact Information

    Section 1: Introduction Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Contact information If you have any questions after you review the information in this documentation, please contact your local Keithley Instruments representative or call Keithley Instruments corporate headquarters (toll-free inside the U.S. and Canada only) at 1-888-KEITHLEY (1-888-534-8453), or from outside the U.S. at +1-440-248-0400.

  • Page 12: Organization Of Manual Sections

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 1: Introduction Organization of manual sections This manual is organized into the following sections: • Using the front-panel interface (on page 2-1): Describes the basics of using the front-panel interface. • Using a remote interface (on page 3-1): Describes the basics of remote communications and using the instrument web interface.
  • Page 14 Section 2 Using the front-panel interface In this section: Front-panel overview ..............2-1 Power the instrument on or off ..........2-3 Turning the Model 2450 output on ........... 2-4 Turning the Model 2450 output off ........... 2-4 Using the touch-screen interface ..........2-5 Storing measurements to a USB flash drive ......

  • Page 15: Using The Front-Panel Interface

    Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual USB port Supports flash drives that comply with USB 2.0 standards and USB 1.0 and 1.1 standards. You can save data to the USB flash drive from the front panel, or you can create a script to save data to the USB flash drive from a remote interface.

  • Page 16: Power The Instrument On Or Off

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Chassis connection Banana jack connector that provides a chassis connection. Power the instrument on or off Follow the procedure below to connect the Model 2450 to line power and turn on the instrument. The Model 2450 operates from a line voltage of 100 V to 240 V at a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

  • Page 17: Turning The Model 2450 Output On

    Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual To turn a Model 2450 on and off: 1. Disconnect any devices under test (DUTs) from the Model 2450 before turning the instrument on. 2. To turn your instrument on, press the front-panel POWER switch to place it in the on (I) position. A status bar is displayed as the instrument powers up.

  • Page 18: Using The Touch-Screen Interface

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Using TSP commands: To turn the output on, send the command: smu.source.output = smu.ON To turn the output off, send the command: smu.source.output = smu.OFF Using the touch-screen interface The touch-screen display gives you quick front-panel access to source-measure settings, system configuration, instrument and test status, reading buffer information, and other instrument functionality.
  • Page 19 Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Figure 3: SETTINGS swipe screen To disable or enable a setting, select the box next to the setting so that it shows an X (disable) or a check mark (enable).

  • Page 20: Menu Overview

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 2: Using the front-panel interface DATA TREND swipe screen The DATA TREND swipe screen shows a graphical representation of the readings in the presently selected buffer. Figure 6: DATA TREND swipe screen For a larger view of the graph and to access graph settings, swipe the DATA TREND screen in an upward motion.

  • Page 21: Storing Measurements To A Usb Flash Drive

    Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Storing measurements to a USB flash drive You can export the measurement data from the Model 2450 to a USB flash drive. The information is saved in the .csv file format. To store measurement data: 1.

  • Page 22: Using A Remote Interface

    Section 3 Using a remote interface In this section: Remote communication interfaces ........... 3-1 Supported remote interfaces ............ 3-1 GPIB communications .............. 3-1 LAN communications ............... 3-4 USB communications ............... 3-7 Using the web interface ............3-11 Determining the command set you will use ......3-13 Remote communication interfaces You can choose from one of several communication interfaces to send commands to and receive responses from the Model 2450.

  • Page 23: Install The Gpib Driver Software

    Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual You can have up to 15 devices connected to a GPIB, including the controller. The maximum cable length is the lesser of either: • The number of devices multiplied by 6.5 ft (2 m) •...

  • Page 24: Set The Gpib Address

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface Figure 9: IEEE-488 connection example Set the GPIB address The GPIB address value is set to 18 at the factory. You can set the address to any address between 0 and 30 if it is unique in the system.

  • Page 25: Lan Communications

    Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual LAN communications You can communicate with the instrument using a local area network (LAN). When you connect using a LAN, you can use a web browser to access the internal web page of the instrument and change some of the instrument settings.
  • Page 26 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface To set up automatic IP address selection using the front panel: 1. From the Home screen, press MENU. 2. Under System, select Communication. 3. Select the LAN tab. 4.

  • Page 27: Set Up Lan Communications On The Computer

    Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Set up LAN communications on the computer This section describes how to set up the LAN communications on your computer. Do not change your IP address without consulting your system administrator. Entering an incorrect IP address can prevent your computer from connecting to your corporate network.

  • Page 28: Usb Communications

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface Run the LXI Discovery Browser To run the LXI Discovery Browser software: 1. From the Windows Start menu, select Keithley Instruments. 2. Select LXI Discovery Browser, and then double-click LXI Discovery Browser. The Keithley LXI Discovery Browser window is displayed.

  • Page 29: Communicate With The Instrument

    Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Communicate with the instrument For the instrument to communicate with the USB device, you must use NI-VISA . VISA requires a resource string in the following format to connect to the correct USB instrument: USB0::0x05e6::0x2450::[serial number]::[INSTR] Where: •...
  • Page 30 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface Figure 10: Select Communication Bus dialog box 4. Select USB. 5. Click Next. The Select Instrument Driver dialog box is displayed. Figure 11: Select Instrument Driver dialog box 2450-900-01 Rev.
  • Page 31 Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual 6. Select Auto-detect Instrument Driver - Model. 7. Click Next. The Configure USB Instrument dialog box is displayed with the detected instrument VISA resource string visible. 8. Click Next. The Name Virtual Instrument dialog box is displayed. Figure 12: Name Virtual Instrument dialog box 9.

  • Page 32: Using The Web Interface

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface 13. In the Keithley Communicator, select File > Open Instrument to open the instrument you just named. Figure 13: Keithley Communicator Open Instrument 14. Click OK. 15. Send a command to the instrument and see if it responds. If you have a full version of NI-VISA on your system, you can run NI-MAX or the VISA Interactive Control utility.

  • Page 33: Connecting To The Instrument Web Interface

    Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Connecting to the instrument web interface When a connection between the LAN and the instrument has been established, you can open a web page for the instrument. To access the web interface: 1.

  • Page 34: Identify The Instrument

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface Identify the instrument If you have a bank of instruments, you can click ID to determine which one you are communicating with. Before trying to identify the instrument, make sure you have a remote connection to the instrument. To identify the instrument: In the upper right corner of the Home page, click The button turns green...
  • Page 35 Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Using the front panel: 1. Press the MENU key. 2. Under System, select Settings. 3. Select the button next to Command Set. 4. Select the command set. 5.

  • Page 36: Making Basic Front-Panel Measurements

    Section 4 Making basic front-panel measurements In this section: Introduction ................4-1 Equipment required for this example ........4-2 Device connections ..............4-2 Making front-panel measurements ........... 4-2 Introduction You can use the Model 2450 to source and make measurements from the front panel. Because many parameters you set are related to a specific function, make sure you select the source and measure functions before you make changes to other instrument settings.

  • Page 37: Equipment Required For This Example

    Section 4: Making basic front-panel measurements Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Equipment required for this example Equipment required to perform this test: • ® Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter instrument • Two insulated banana cables (you can use the set that is provided with the Model 2450, the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High-Performance Clip Lead Set) •...

  • Page 38: Procedure For Making Front-Panel Measurements

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 4: Making basic front-panel measurements Procedure for making front-panel measurements To make a measurement from the front-panel: 1. Press the POWER button on the front panel to turn on the instrument (or cycle power if the instrument is already on).

  • Page 40: Measuring Low-Resistance Devices

    Section 5 Measuring low-resistance devices In this section: Introduction ................5-1 Equipment required ..............5-1 Device connections ..............5-1 Low-resistance measurements ..........5-4 Introduction This example demonstrates how to use the Model 2450 to measure a low-resistance device. You may need to make low-resistance measurements (<10 Ω) in a number of applications, including continuity testing of cables and connectors, substrate vias, and resistors.
  • Page 41 Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual To use the 4-wire connection method: • Connect one set of test leads to the FORCE LO and FORCE HI terminals, which force a current through the device under test. •...
  • Page 42 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices The physical connections for the front and rear panels are shown in the following figures. Note that you must use either the front terminals or rear terminals — you cannot mix connections. The rear-terminal connections are triaxial.

  • Page 43: Low-Resistance Measurements

    Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Low-resistance measurements This example demonstrates how to use the Model 2450 to measure a low-resistance device from the front panel and over the remote interface using SCPI code and TSP code. For this test, you will perform the following steps: •...

  • Page 44: Viewing The Buffer Statistics On The Front Panel

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Figure 19: DATA TREND plot To view the measurements on the front-panel graph: 1. Press the MENU key. 2. Under View, select Graph. Viewing the buffer statistics on the front panel You can view statistics on the Model 2450 front panel, including: •...

  • Page 45: Set Up Remote Communications

    Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Set up remote communications This application can be run from the front panel or any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument (GPIB, USB, or ethernet). The rear panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces are shown in the following figure.

  • Page 46: Setting Up The Low-Resistance Test Using Tsp Commands

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Setting up the low-resistance test using TSP commands The following example TSP code is designed to be run from Keithley Instruments Test Script Builder (TSB). TSB is a software tool included on one of the CD-ROMs that came with your Model 2450. You can install and use TSB to write code and develop scripts for TSP-enabled instruments.
  • Page 47 Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Send the following commands for this example application: --Reset the instrument to the default settings reset() --Configure the Simple Loop trigger template to take 100 readings. trigger.model.load("SimpleLoop", 100) --Change the view on the front panel to the DATA TREND plot.

  • Page 48: Leakage Current And Insulation Resistance

    Section 6 Leakage current and insulation resistance In this section: Introduction ................6-1 Equipment required ..............6-1 Set up remote communications ..........6-2 Device connections ..............6-2 Measuring leakage current ............6-4 Measuring insulation resistance ..........6-8 Introduction Measuring leakage current or insulation resistance of a device involves applying a fixed voltage to the device and measuring the resulting current.

  • Page 49: Set Up Remote Communications

    Section 6: Leakage current and insulation resistance Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Set up remote communications This application can be run from the front panel or any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument (GPIB, USB, or ethernet). The rear panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces are shown in the following figure.
  • Page 50 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 6: Leakage current and insulation resistance Figure 23: Connection schematic for the capacitor leakage and insulation resistance tests The rear-terminal connections to the device under test (DUT) for these applications are shown in the figures below.

  • Page 51: Measuring Leakage Current

    Section 6: Leakage current and insulation resistance Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Measuring leakage current The following example demonstrates how to use the Model 2450 to measure the leakage current of a 1 nF capacitor by sourcing a voltage and measuring the resulting current using the front panel and the remote interface.

  • Page 52: Viewing The Measurements On The Front-Panel Graph

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 6: Leakage current and insulation resistance 7. Select the button next to Source (at the bottom of the screen). 8. Enter 20 V and select OK. 9. Press the MENU key. 10. Under Trigger, select Templates. 11.

  • Page 53: Setting Up The Leakage Current Example Using Scpi Commands

    Section 6: Leakage current and insulation resistance Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Setting up the leakage current example using SCPI commands The following example SCPI code makes leakage current measurements using the Duration Loop trigger template. Specifically, current readings are taken every 200 ms for 60 seconds. The test voltage is 20 V.
  • Page 54 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 6: Leakage current and insulation resistance The following TSP code performs a capacitor leakage measurement by sourcing 20 V and measuring the resulting leakage current. The Duration Loop trigger template is used to apply the voltage for 60 seconds and take measurements at 200 ms intervals.

  • Page 55: Measuring Insulation Resistance

    Section 6: Leakage current and insulation resistance Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Figure 27: Leakage current test results Measuring insulation resistance The following examples demonstrate how to use the Model 2450 to measure insulator resistance using the front-panel interface and using the remote interface SCPI commands and Test Script ®...

  • Page 56: Setting Up The Insulation Resistance Example Using The Front Panel

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 6: Leakage current and insulation resistance Setting up the insulation resistance example using the front panel To set up the application from the front panel: 1. Connect the device under test (DUT) to the rear panel of the Model 2450, as described in Device connections (on page 6-2).

  • Page 57: Setting Up The Application Using Scpi Commands

    Section 6: Leakage current and insulation resistance Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Setting up the application using SCPI commands The following sequence of SCPI commands makes insulation resistance measurements by sourcing 20 V and measuring the resistance. The Simple Loop trigger template is used to take 10 readings at 100 ms intervals.
  • Page 58 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 6: Leakage current and insulation resistance The following TSP code performs insulation resistance measurements by sourcing 20 V and measuring resistance. The Simple Loop trigger template is used to take 10 measurements at 100 ms intervals.

  • Page 60: Measuring I-V Characteristics Of Fets

    Section 7 Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs In this section: Introduction ................7-1 Equipment required ..............7-1 Set up remote communications ..........7-2 Set up external hardware triggers ..........7-2 Device connections ..............7-4 Remote control of FET testing using SCPI commands .... 7-5 Remote control of FET testing using TSP commands ....

  • Page 61: Set Up Remote Communications

    Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual • Cabling from the computer to the Model 2450 instruments is different depending on the command set you are using: • For SCPI commands, use two GPIB cables, two USB cables, or two ethernet cables •...

  • Page 62: Connections For The Tsp Command Set

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs Figure 29: GPIB and DB-9 cable connections for the SCPI programming example The figure above also shows the communication cabling if you are using the GPIB remote communication interface.

  • Page 63: Device Connections

    Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Figure 30: Connections for the TSP command set For GPIB communication from the computer to the Model 2450 instruments, only one cable is necessary from the GPIB interface to one of the Model 2450 IEEE-488 interfaces (Model 2450 #1 in the figure above).

  • Page 64: Remote Control Of Fet Testing Using Scpi Commands

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs Figure 31: Three-terminal I-V test configuration for a MOSFET The connections from the rear panel terminals of both Model 2450 instruments to the MOSFET are shown in the following figure. Figure 32: Two Model 2450s configured to test a three-terminal MOSFET For this example, four triaxial cables (Model 7078-TRX-10) are used to connect from the Model 2450 rear-panel female triaxial connectors to the MOSFET device, which is mounted in a metal-shielded...
  • Page 65 Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Using SCPI commands with the trigger model to set up the test In this example, the gate voltage steps from 2 V to 5 V in 1 V steps, the drain voltage sweeps from 0 V to 5 V in 51 steps, and the drain current is measured.
  • Page 66 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs • SMU 2 *RST Reset the instrument. • SENS:FUNC "CURR" Set to measure current. • Set to measure with autorange enabled. SENS:CURR:RANG:AUTO ON • Set to rear terminals. ROUT:TERM REAR •...
  • Page 67 Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Using SCPI commands in a linear sweep to set up the test In this example, the gate voltage steps from 2 V to 6 V in 1 V steps, the drain voltage sweeps from 0 V to 5 V in 51 steps, and the drain current is measured.

  • Page 68: Remote Control Of Fet Testing Using Tsp Commands

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs • SMU 2 SOUR:VOLT i Set the source level to the iteration number of the loop. • Pseudocode delay(0.5) Delay for 500 ms to allow for settling. •...

  • Page 69: Using Tsp Commands With The Trigger Model To Set Up The Test

    Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Using TSP commands with the trigger model to set up the test Send the following commands for this example application: --[[ ******************************************************************** MOSFET Test: This test steps the gate-source voltage and sweeps the drain-source voltage at each step, and measures the drain-source current.
  • Page 70 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs trigger.model.setblock(3, trigger.BLOCK_WAIT, trigger.EVENT_TSPLINK2) trigger.model.setblock(4, trigger.BLOCK_DELAY_CONSTANT, 0.01) trigger.model.setblock(5, trigger.BLOCK_MEASURE) trigger.model.setblock(6, trigger.BLOCK_CONFIG_NEXT, "sweepVals") trigger.model.setblock(7, trigger.BLOCK_BRANCH_COUNTER, num, 4) trigger.model.setblock(8, trigger.BLOCK_NOTIFY, trigger.EVENT_NOTIFY1) trigger.model.setblock(9, trigger.BLOCK_BRANCH_COUNTER, 4, 3) trigger.model.setblock(10, trigger.BLOCK_SOURCE_OUTPUT, smu.OFF) --############################SMU-2 (gate) setup#################### --Source settings.

  • Page 71: Using Tsp Commands In A Linear Sweep To Set Up The Test

    Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Using TSP commands in a linear sweep to set up the test In this example, the code steps the gate-source voltage, sweeps the drain-source voltage at each step, and measures the drain-source current.
  • Page 72 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs --Turn the stepper output on. node[2].smu.source.output = node[2].smu.ON readings = {} sourcevalues = {} iteration = 0 steppoints = 4 --Set the stepper V level, delay, start sweep, and wait to complete. for i = 2, 5 do node[2].smu.source.level = i delay(0.01)
  • Page 73 Section 7: Measuring I-V characteristics of FETs Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Figure 33: MOSFET drain family of curves generated with two Model 2450s 7-14 2450-900-01 Rev. A / June 2013...

  • Page 74: Rechargeable Battery Measurements

    Section 8 Rechargeable battery measurements In this section: Introduction ................8-1 Equipment required ..............8-3 Device connections ..............8-3 Automated battery charge and discharge cycle testing .... 8-5 Introduction This example application demonstrates how to use a single Model 2450 to perform automated battery discharge and charge cycle testing.
  • Page 75 Section 8: Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Figure 34: Battery charge-discharge cycle circuit diagram Model 2450 is in source mode (V > V ). Instrument functions as a power supply; charge current (i) is positive. Model 2450 is in sink mode (Vs >...

  • Page 76: Equipment Required

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 8: Rechargeable battery measurements If you are using the current source to charge or discharge batteries, the following precautions must be observed. Failure to observe these precautions could result in instrument damage that is not covered by the warranty.
  • Page 77 Section 8: Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Figure 35: Circuit diagram for the battery charge and discharge cycle test There is no internal connection between protective earth (safety ground) and the LO terminals of the Model 2450. Therefore, hazardous voltages (more than 30 V ) can appear on LO terminals.

  • Page 78: Automated Battery Charge And Discharge Cycle Testing

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 8: Rechargeable battery measurements Figure 36: Model 2450 front-panel connections for the battery discharge and charge test The figure below shows the rear-panel connections. You can make these connections with four triaxial cables. Figure 37: Rear-panel connections for the battery discharge and charge test Automated battery charge and discharge cycle testing Battery charge and discharge cycles often take several hours, so automating the test is important.

  • Page 79: Set Up Remote Communications

    Section 8: Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual For this test, you will perform the following steps: • Reset the instrument. • Set the measurement to a 4-wire configuration. • Set the instrument to source voltage and measure current. •...

  • Page 80: Setting Up The Battery Application Using Scpi Commands

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 8: Rechargeable battery measurements Setting up the battery application using SCPI commands The SCPI code in this example sets the Model 2450 to the source voltage and measure current mode. Specifically, the voltage source is set to 1 V and the source limit is set to 460 mA. The voltage, current, and relative timestamp are returned.

  • Page 81: Setting Up The Battery Application Using Tsp Commands

    Section 8: Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual • Pseudocode hours[iteration] = Calculate the hours taken at each iteration. • seconds[iteration]/3600 Print the measured values. • print(voltage[iteration], Compare the voltage reading from this iteration to the voltage limit. If the current[iteration], measured value is less than or equal to the hours[iteration])
  • Page 82 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 8: Rechargeable battery measurements Send the following TSP commands for this example application: --Reset the instrument and clear the buffer. reset() --Source settings. smu.source.func = smu.FUNC_DC_VOLTAGE smu.source.offmode = smu.OFFMODE_HIGHZ smu.source.level = 1 smu.source.range = 2 smu.source.readback = smu.ON smu.source.ilimit.level = 460e-3...
  • Page 83 Section 8: Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual The results of this test application are shown in the following figures. Figure 39: Model 2450 USER DISPLAY screen showing test results Measured load current Measured battery voltage Elapsed test time Figure 40: Results of battery charge and discharge test 8-10...

  • Page 84: Measuring I-V Characteristics Of Solar Cells

    Section 9 Measuring I-V characteristics of solar cells In this section: Introduction ................9-1 Equipment required ..............9-1 Set up remote communications ..........9-2 Device connections ..............9-2 Solar cell characterization ............9-4 Introduction This example application demonstrates how to use the Model 2450 to measure the I-V characteristics of a solar cell.

  • Page 85: Set Up Remote Communications

    Section 9: Measuring I-V characteristics of solar cells Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Set up remote communications This application can be run from the front panel or any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument (GPIB, USB, or ethernet). The rear panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces are shown in the following figure.
  • Page 86 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 9: Measuring I-V characteristics of solar cells The circuit diagram for the application is shown in the following figure. Figure 42: Model 2450 connections to a solar cell The physical connections for the front and rear panels are shown in the following figures. Note that you must use either the front terminals or rear terminals —...

  • Page 87: Solar Cell Characterization

    Section 9: Measuring I-V characteristics of solar cells Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Figure 44: Model 2450 4-wire connections to the rear panel Solar cell characterization This example demonstrates how to use the Model 2450 to characterize a solar cell from the front panel, using SCPI code over a remote interface, and using TSP code over a remote interface.
  • Page 88 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 9: Measuring I-V characteristics of solar cells To set up the application from the front panel: 1. Make connections to the instrument and device under test (DUT) as described in Device connections (on page 9-2).

  • Page 89: Setting Up The Solar Cell I-V Sweep Using Scpi Commands

    Section 9: Measuring I-V characteristics of solar cells Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Setting up the solar cell I-V sweep using SCPI commands The example sequence of SCPI commands generates an I-V sweep on a solar cell. You must make the appropriate changes so it will run in your programming environment.
  • Page 90 Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 9: Measuring I-V characteristics of solar cells Send the following commands for this example application: --Define the number of points in the sweep. num = 56 --Reset the instrument and clear the buffer. reset() --Set the source and measure functions.
  • Page 91 Section 9: Measuring I-V characteristics of solar cells Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual In the example above, the instrument is programmed to display custom text on the User Display screen using the display.screen and display.settext commands. After the test is finished, the display will indicate the maximum power (P ), the short circuit current (I ), and the open circuit...

  • Page 92: Troubleshooting Faqs

    Section 10 Troubleshooting FAQs In this section: About this section ..............10-1 Where can I find updated drivers? ......... 10-1 How do I upgrade the firmware? ..........10-2 Why can't the Model 2450 read my USB flash drive? .... 10-2 How do I change the command set? ........

  • Page 93: How Do I Upgrade The Firmware

    Section 10: Troubleshooting FAQs Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual How do I upgrade the firmware? Do not turn off power or remove the USB flash drive until the upgrade process is complete. From the front panel: 1. Copy the firmware upgrade file to a USB flash drive. 2.

  • Page 94: Why Am I Getting A 5074 Event Code

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 10: Troubleshooting FAQs You cannot combine the command sets. As delivered from Keithley Instruments, the Model 2450 is set to work with the Model 2450 SCPI command set. If you choose the SCPI2400 command set, you will not have access to some of the extended ranges and other features that are now available using the SCPI command set.

  • Page 95: How Do I Save The Present State Of The Instrument

    Section 10: Troubleshooting FAQs Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual If the safety interlock is not asserted and the source is turned on, the following actions occur: • The nominal output is limited to ±37 V. • The front-panel INTERLOCK indicator is not illuminated. To recover from this error, properly engage the interlock using a safe test fixture before turning on the Model 2450 output.

  • Page 96: What Are The Quick Setup Options

    Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 10: Troubleshooting FAQs What are the Quick Setup options? The QUICKSET key opens a screen that provides predefined function, performance, and quick setups. The Function button allows you to select the source and measurement functions. These are the same options that are available through the FUNCTION key The Performance slider allows you to adjust speed and resolution.

  • Page 98: Next Steps

    Section 11 Next steps In this section: Additional Model 2450 information ......... 11-1 Additional Model 2450 information ® This manual has prepared you to start using your new Model 2450 Interactive SourceMeter instrument for your application. For more detailed information, refer to the Keithley Instruments Model 2450 Reference Manual (part number 2450-901-01).
  • Page 99 Specifications are subject to change without notice. All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. Keithley Instruments, Inc. Corporate Headquarters • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • 1-888-KEITHLEY • www.keithley.com A Greater M e asure of Confidence A T ektr onix Company 6/13...

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