Deif GPC-3 Designers Reference Handbook
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Deif GPC-3 Designers Reference Handbook

Generator paralleling controller
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See also: Operator's Manual , Instruction and Installation Manual
DESIGNER'S REFERENCE HANDBOOK
Generator Paralleling Controller
GPC-3/GPC-3 Gas/GPC-3 Hydro
● Functional description
● Modes and sequences
● General product information
● PID controller
● Additional functions
DEIF A/S · Frisenborgvej 33 · DK-7800 Skive · Tel.: +45 9614 9614 · Fax: +45 9614 9615 · info@deif.com · www.deif.com
Document no.: 4189340587L
SW version: 3.09.x or later

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Summary of Contents for Deif GPC-3

  • Page 1 ● Additional functions DEIF A/S · Frisenborgvej 33 · DK-7800 Skive · Tel.: +45 9614 9614 · Fax: +45 9614 9615 · info@deif.com · www.deif.com isenborgvej 33 · DK-7800 Skive · Tel.: +45 9614 9614 · Fax: +45 9614 9615 · info@deif.com · www.deif.com Document no.: 4189340587L...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK 1. General information 1.1. Warnings, legal information and safety....................5 1.1.1. Warnings and notes ........................5 1.1.2. Legal information and disclaimer ....................5 1.1.3. Safety issues ..........................5 1.1.4. Electrostatic discharge awareness ....................5 1.1.5. Factory settings ..........................6 1.2.
  • Page 3 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK 4.6.5. RMI oil............................43 4.6.6. RMI water............................ 44 4.6.7. RMI fuel............................45 4.6.8. Illustration of configurable inputs....................46 4.6.9. Configuration..........................47 4.6.10. Scaling of 4 to 20 mA inputs......................47 4.6.11. Digital............................50 4.7. Event log.............................. 50 4.7.1. Logs.............................50 4.8.
  • Page 4 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK 7.3. Static synchronisation.........................114 7.3.1. Phase controller......................... 115 7.4. Synchronising controller........................116 7.5. Synchronising vector mismatch alarm....................117 7.6. Asynchronous synchronisation ......................118 7.7. Blackout closing ..........................118 7.8. Separate synchronising relay......................119 7.9. Inhibit conditions before synchronising mains breaker...............121...

  • Page 5: General Information

    1.1.2 Legal information and disclaimer DEIF takes no responsibility for installation or operation of the generator set. If there is any doubt about how to install or operate the engine/generator controlled by the Multi-line 2 unit, the company responsible for the installation or the operation of the set must be contacted.

  • Page 6: Factory Settings

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK General information 1.1.5 Factory settings The Multi-line 2 unit is delivered from factory with certain factory settings. These are based on average values and are not necessarily the correct settings for matching the engine/generator set in question. Precautions must be taken to check the settings before running the engine/generator set.

  • Page 7: General Product Information

    This chapter will deal with the unit in general and its place in the DEIF product range. The GPC-3 is part of the DEIF Multi-line 2 product family. Multi-line 2 is a complete range of multi-function generator protection and control products integrating all the functions you need into one compact and attrac- tive solution.

  • Page 8: Functional Descriptions

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions 3. Functional descriptions 3.1 Standard functions The standard functions are listed in the following paragraphs. Regulation modes ● Load sharing ● Fixed frequency ● Fixed power ● Frequency droop Generator protection (ANSI) ● 2 × reverse power (32) ●...

  • Page 9: Regulation Modes

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions 3.2 Regulation modes The unit can, for example, be used for the applications listed in the table below. This depends on the selec- tion of the running modes. Mode selection Select regulation mode Application...

  • Page 10: Fixed Power

    The governor droop has the purpose of applying stability in the regulation of the engine and does not give an actual droop if a controller (GPC-3) is installed. The GPC-3 droop has the purpose of causing an actual speed droop. With this droop activated, the frequency will actually change with changing load.
  • Page 11 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions Diagram A: high droop setting In this diagram, the illustrated frequency variation gives a change in the load. This is marked as ΔP. Freq (Hz) P(kW) ∆ P This can be used if the generator must operate base-loaded.

  • Page 12: P Load Sharing

    “Remote GB ON” and “Remote GB OFF”. Regulator The frequency controller is used in the GPC-3 when operating in frequency droop mode. This means that as long as the power does not match the frequency, the governor will be controlled up- or downwards. In this way, the power and the frequency will always end up matching each other according to the adjusted droop curve.

  • Page 13: Measurement Systems

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions To activate the use of “Start sync./control” from M-Logic or external communication (for exam- ple Modbus), the M-logic command “Start sync./ctrl enable” must be activated. Alternatively, you can use the functions “Remote GB ON” and “Remote GB OFF”.

  • Page 14: Single Phase System

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions Below is an example with 230/400 V AC, which can be connected directly to the GPC's terminals without the use of a voltage transformer. If a voltage transformer is necessary, the nominal values of the transformer should be used instead.

  • Page 15: Scaling

    3.8 Scaling Default voltage scaling for the GPC-3 is set to 100 V-25000 V. To be able to handle applications above 25000 V and below 100 V, it is necessary to adjust the input range so it matches the actual value of the primary voltage transformer.

  • Page 16: Single-Line Diagrams

    3.9 Single-line diagrams The GPC-3 can be used for numerous applications. A few examples are shown below, but due to the flexibili- ty of the product it is not possible to show all applications. The flexibility is one of the great advantages of this controller.
  • Page 17 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions Stand-alone Display Load Controller Diesel generator set Parallel to mains Display Controller Generator breaker (GB) Diesel generator set DEIF A/S Page 17 of 122...

  • Page 18: Sequences

    Load sharing line Diesel generator set 1 Diesel generator set 2 Diesel generator set 3 3.10 Sequences 3.10.1 Sequences The following section contains information about the sequences of the GPC-3. These sequences will be described: DEIF A/S Page 18 of 122...
  • Page 19 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions Sequence Description GB ON Synchronising GB ON Blackout closing GB OFF Open breaker GB OFF De-load/open breaker GB ON sequence/synchronising The GB ON sequence can be started when the generator is running and the terminal 25 (start sync./control) is activated.
  • Page 20 This is to ensure that there is sufficient time to change mode and control inputs. GB OFF/open breaker The GB can be opened instantly by the GPC-3. The sequence is started by this selection of the control in- puts:...

  • Page 21: Running Mode Description

    It is also possible to lock the unit into a specific mode from M-Logic. Refer to the document "ML-2 application notes M-Logic". The standard GPC-3 is equipped with a limited number of digital inputs; refer to the installation instructions and the data sheet for additional information about availability.
  • Page 22 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions Each parameter can be protected by a specific password level. To do so, the PC utility software must be used. Enter the parameter to be configured and select the correct password level. The password level can be seen in the parameter view in the column “Level”:...

  • Page 23: Parameter Access

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions 3.12.1 Parameter access To gain access to adjust the parameters, the password level must be entered: If the password level is not entered, it is not possible to enter the parameters. The customer password can be changed in jump menu 9116. The service password can be changed in jump menu 9117.

  • Page 24: Additional Functions

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 4. Additional functions 4.1 Start functions 4.1.1 Start/stop threshold Start threshold allows the user to create a scenario, in which an external requirement must be met before start is possible. If the external requirements are met, stop threshold stops the DG immediately when in "cool- ing down"...

  • Page 25: Alarm

    Cranking starts 4.2 Alarm 4.2.1 Alarm function The alarm function of the GPC-3 includes the possibility to display the alarm texts, activate relays or display alarm texts combined with relay outputs. Setup The alarms must typically be set up with set point, timer, relay outputs and enabling. The adjustable set points of the individual alarms vary in range, for example the minimum and maximum settings.
  • Page 26 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions USW 3 setup: DU-2 setup: 1170 G U< Relay 5 SP = set point. DEL= timer. OA = output A. OB = output B. ENA = enable. FC = fail class. Alarm display All enabled alarms will be shown in the display, unless the output A as well as the output B are adjusted to a “limit”...
  • Page 27 The alarm has exceeded its set point and delay, and the alarm message is dis- edged state: played. The GPC-3 is in the alarm state, and it can only leave the alarm state if the cause of the alarm disappears and the alarm message is acknowledged at the same time.
  • Page 28 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions When alarm 1 appears, output A activates relay 1 (R1) which activates an alarm horn on the diagram. Output B of alarm 1 activates relay 2 (R2). In the diagram, R2 is connected to the alarm panel.

  • Page 29: Alarm Inhibit

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 4.2.2 Alarm inhibit In order to select when the alarms are to be active, a configurable inhibit setting for each alarm has been made. The inhibit functionality is only available via the PC utility software. For each alarm there is a drop- down window, in which it is possible to select the signals that must be present in order to inhibit the alarm.
  • Page 30 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Selections for alarm inhibit: Function Description Inhibit 1 Input function (alarm inhibit 1) or M-Logic output Inhibit 2 M-Logic outputs: Conditions are programmed in M-Logic Inhibit 3 GB ON The generator breaker is closed...

  • Page 31: Alarm Jump

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 4.2.3 Alarm jump The alarm jump function is used to select the behaviour of the display view when an alarm is activated. Setup is done in menu 6900 Alarm jump: Enable Action when an alarm is activated ON (default) The display view will change to the alarm info list.

  • Page 32: Differential Measurement

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 2. The de-load input is activated and the GB is opened. 3. If the de-load input is deactivated again, the GB will give a GB close failure as the GB needs time to load the spring before it is ready to close.
  • Page 33 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Six different differential measurements between two analogue input values can be configured, dependent on the unit options. The analogue inputs can be selected from the list below. Analogue 102 Analogue 105 Analogue 108 H5/H7...
  • Page 34 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions The configuration is done in menus 4600-4606 and 4670-4676. Each alarm can be configured in two alarm levels for each differential measurement between the analogue inputs A and B as follows. The configurations are done in menus 4610-4650 and 4680-4730.

  • Page 35: Digital Inputs

    Input functions The table below illustrates all the input functions available in the GPC-3 and shows in which operation mode the described function will be active. X = function can be activated.
  • Page 36 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Input function Remote Local SWBD Input type Note Access lock Constant Start sync./control Constant De-load Constant Local mode Pulse Remote mode Pulse SWBD control Constant Manual mode Constant Alarm inhibit 1 Constant Remote GB ON...

  • Page 37: Functional Description

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Input function Remote Local SWBD Input type Note Remove starter Constant Remote start Pulse Remote stop Pulse Remote start and close GB Pulse Remote open GB and stop Pulse GB close inhibit Constant Force analogue LS...
  • Page 38 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 6. SWBD control Activates switchboard control, that is all controls and commands will stop. Protections are still active. 7. Manual Changes the present running mode to manual. 8. Alarm inhibit 1 Specific alarms are inhibited to prevent the alarms from occurring.
  • Page 39 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions The manual governor and AVR increase and decrease inputs can only be used in manual mode. 18. Island mode This input deactivates the busbar measurements during breaker operations. This makes it possible to close the breaker from the GPC even though the generator and busbar are not synchronised.
  • Page 40 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 30. Enable GB black close When the input is activated, the unit is allowed to close the generator on a dead busbar, providing that the frequency and voltage are inside the limits set up in menu 2110.
  • Page 41 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 42. Remote open GB and stop Pulse command to initiate the GB OFF sequence (de-load + open) followed by the stop sequence (cooling down + stop). 43. GB close inhibit When this input is activated, the GB ON sequence will not be initiated.

  • Page 42: Multi-Inputs

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions The desired input number can now be selected for the individual input function via the roll-down panel. 4.6 Multi-inputs The GPC unit has three multi-inputs which can be configured to be used as the following input types: 1.

  • Page 43: To 20 Ma

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions The function of the multi-inputs can only be configured in the PC utility software. Two alarm levels are available for each input, the menu numbers of the alarm settings for each multi-input are controlled by the configured input type as seen in the following table.

  • Page 44: Rmi Water

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions RMI sensor type Pressure Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Ω Ω Ω 10.0 10.0 27.2 44.9 31.3 62.9 81.0 51.5 99.2 117.1 71.0 134.7 Type 3 is not available when RMI oil is selected 151.9...

  • Page 45: Rmi Fuel

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions RMI sensor type Temperature Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 °C °F Ω Ω Ω Ω 291.5 480.7 69.3 197.3 323.6 134.0 222.5 36.0 97.1 157.1 70.1 113.2 19.8 51.2 83.2 Type 4 is not available when RMI water is selected 38.5...

  • Page 46: Illustration Of Configurable Inputs

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions RMI sensor type Value Type configurable Resistance The configurable type is configurable with eight points in the range 0 to 480 Ω. The value as well as the resistance can be adjusted. 4.6.8 Illustration of configurable inputs Resistance (Ω)

  • Page 47: Configuration

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 4.6.9 Configuration The eight curve settings for the configurable RMI inputs cannot be changed in the display, but only in the PC utility software. The alarm settings can be changed both in the display and in the PC utility software. In the PC utility software, the configurable inputs are adjusted in this dialogue box: Adjust the resistance of the RMI sensor at the specific measuring value.
  • Page 48 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions The setup of the multi-inputs and alarm parameters must be done in the above order. If not, the alarm levels will be wrong. Setting up decimals: No decimals: 0 to 5 bar oil pressure transducer (4 to 20 mA)
  • Page 49 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Decimals = 1, AUTO SCALE = disabled Regarding AUTO SCALE: if the number of decimals is changed without enabling the set point, the 4 to 20 mA will be presented as 0.4 to 2.0 mA (0.0 to 0.5 bar). In other words, the "Auto scal- ing"...

  • Page 50: Digital

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Reload parameters: It is necessary to upload the parameters from the device to the computer after changing the scale (no deci- mal/one decimal/two decimal) settings. This is in order to refresh the parameter list so the alarm settings present the correct value: In the example shown above, the value can be adjusted with one decimal.
  • Page 51 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions If “Event” is selected, the log could look like this: 400V 4170 Fuel level 06-24 15:24:10.3 INFO FIRST LAST The specific alarm or event is shown in the second line. In the example above the fuel level alarm has occur- red.

  • Page 52: External Set Points

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions The entire log can be saved in Excel format and used in that particular programme. 4.8 External set points 4.8.1 External analogue set point The genset can be controlled from internal as well as from external set points. The external set point is activa- ted with a digital signal, “Ext.

  • Page 53: Scaling Of Analogue Inputs For External Set Point Control

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 4.8.2 Scaling of analogue inputs for external set point control Scaling of fixed power: The scaling of the maximum and minimum allowed power is done in parameter 2841 “Max. P range” and 2842 “Min. P range”. The scaling is done in percent of the nominal set point.
  • Page 54 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions -10V -1Hz -2Hz -3Hz -4Hz -5Hz Parameter Name Setting 2843 Max. f/P 2844 Min. f/P -6 V Parameters 2843 “Max. f/P” and 2844 “Min. f/P” are shared between fixed frequency and fixed power because they both use the same analogue input.
  • Page 55 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 100% -10V Parameter Name Setting 2845 Max. U/Q 10 V 2846 Min. U/Q Fixed voltage The scaling of the analogue input is done in parameters 2845 “Max. U/Q” and 286 “Min. U/Q”. There is no scaling of voltage range, it will always be +/- 10 % of the nominal voltage setting.

  • Page 56: External Set Point Selection

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions -10V -10% Parameter Name Setting 2845 Max. U/Q 2846 Min. U/Q -4 V Parameters 2845 “Max. f/P” and 2846 “Min. f/P” are shared between fixed var and fixed voltage because they both use the same analogue input.
  • Page 57 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Start M-Logic M-Logic ”Ext. comm. ”Ext. comm. ctrl. enabled” ctrl.” command command ”Ext. comm. ”Ext. comm. ctrl.” input ctrl.” input configured ”Ext. GOV/AVR setpoint” input ON M-Logic Setpoint via ”Ext. GOV/AVR comm. enabled setpoint” command (menu 750x) Serial comm.

  • Page 58: Fail Class

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Set point selection Description Internal Set point is taken from the internal settings, for example nominal frequency for fixed frequency External The set point is taken from the analogue inputs (+/-10 V DC) Communication...

  • Page 59: Fail Class Configuration

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Engine stopped Fail class/Action Block engine start Block GB sequence 1 Block 2 Warning 3 Trip GB 4 Trip and stop 5 Shutdown 6 Safety stop In addition to the actions defined by the fail classes, it is possible to activate one or two relay outputs, if additional relays are available in the unit.

  • Page 60: Frequency-Dependent Power Droop

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 4.10 Frequency-dependent power droop This droop function can be used when the genset is parallel to the mains. In case the frequency drops or rises due to instability of the mains, the curve for frequency-dependent droop is made to compensate the power set point.
  • Page 61 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Menu Settings Name Description 7051 Fixed power set point. 7121 DBL[%] Deadband low in percentages of nominal frequency. 7122 DBH[%] Deadband high in percentages of nominal frequency. 7123 HYSL[%] Hysteresis low in percentages of nominal frequency. If HYSL is set above DBL, the hysteresis low is disabled.
  • Page 62 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Menu Default Name Description 2616 0.1[%/s] Ramp up speed 2 Slope of ramp 2 when ramping up. 2623 0.1[%/s] Ramp down speed 2 Slope of ramp 2 when ramping down (not used for de-load).

  • Page 63: Language Selection

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Term. number Output kvarh Common terminal The number of pulses depends on the actual adjusted setting of the nominal power: Generator power Value Number of pulses (kWh) Number of pulses (kvarh) <100 kW 1 pulse/kWh...

  • Page 64: Memory Backup

    DEIF recommends that a backup is made at least when the commissioning is tested and done. The following settings will be stored in the backup:...
  • Page 65 Principle The GPC-3 supplies a voltage on the load sharing line equal to the actual load. This voltage comes from an internal power transducer in the GPC-3. At the same time, the actual voltage on the load sharing line will be measured by the GPC-3.
  • Page 66 In the menu 2610, it is possible to enable a power ramp up function when operating in load sharing mode. When this function is enabled, the GPC-3 will not balance the load immediately when the breaker is closed, but will follow the adjusted power ramp up curve (menu 2141). This means that the other generator(s) will carry the majority of the load during the time where the actual generator is in its ramp up sequence.
  • Page 67 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Load sharing/NO RAMP This diagram shows how the load balances after breaker closing when the ramp function (in load sharing mode) is deactivated. The load is balanced immediately, followed by load sharing between the two DGs.
  • Page 68 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Ramp up with load steps When the GB is closed, the power set point continues to rise in ramp up steps, the number of steps in menu 2615. If the delay point is set to 20 % and the number of load steps is set to 3, the genset will ramp to 20 %, wait the configured delay time, ramp to 40 %, wait, ramp to 60 %, wait and then ramp to the present power set point.
  • Page 69 1. This will ensure that current across the breaker is kept at a minimum. Distance The inputs on the GPC-3 that are used for load sharing are high impedance inputs (23.5 kOhm), so a cable length of 300 metres is no problem.

  • Page 70: Power Limit Set Point

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions The primary purpose of the controller is always frequency control, because frequency is variable in a load sharing system and so is the power on the individual generator. Since the load sharing system requires power regulation as well, the controller can be affected by the power regulator.

  • Page 71: Mode Configuration

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions M-Logic is used to execute different commands at predefined conditions. M-Logic is not a PLC but substitutes one, if only very simple commands are needed. M-Logic is a simple tool based on logic events. One or more input conditions are defined, and at the activa- tion of those inputs, the defined output will occur.

  • Page 72: Not In Remote

    6370. 4.16.3 Modes active The GPC-3 is designed to control the generator before, during and after synchronising. However, in rare ca- ses it may become necessary to deactivate the regulation after the synchronising. This can be the case, for example if other load sharing equipment is installed or if an external power factor controller is installed.

  • Page 73: Nominal Settings

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Example 2, menu 2500 is adjusted to “SYNC + GOV” SYNC + GOV Regulation Regulation Close regulation circuit active after Regulation breaker CB closing Example 3, menu 2500 is adjusted to “SYNC” SYNC Regulation...

  • Page 74: Relay Setup

    9142 for busbar nominal settings 2. 4.18 Relay setup The GPC-3 has several relay outputs available. Each of these relays can be given a special function depend- ing on the required functionality. This is done in the I/O setup (menu 5000-5270).

  • Page 75: Limit Relay

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Relay functions Function Description Alarm relay The relay is activated until the alarm that caused the activation is acknowledged and gone. The alarm LED is flashing or constant, depending on the acknowledged state. Limit relay The relay will activate at the limit set point.
  • Page 76 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions In the example below, the relay will close when the generator voltage is above 103 % for 10 seconds, and no alarm will appear on the screen because both output A and output B are configured to relay 5, which is con- figured as "Limit relay".

  • Page 77: Service Menu

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions The timer in the image above is an OFF delay, meaning that when the alarm level is OK again, the relay will remain activated until the timer runs out. The timer is only effective when it is configured as "Limit relay". If it is configured to any "Alarm relay", the relay is deactivated instantly when the alarm conditions disappear and...
  • Page 78 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions TIME Shows the alarm timer and the remaining time. The indicated remaining time is minimum remaining time. The timer will count downwards when the set point has been exceeded. 1010 G -P> Remaining time 1.0s...
  • Page 79 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions activates START Power deactivates START START LIMIT Time Delay Off delay The load-dependent start relay reacts based on the power measurement of the controller together with the breaker closed feedback. Stop next generator (low load) (menu 6530) The diagram shows that the stop relay activates after a delay.
  • Page 80 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Output A and output B must be adjusted to the same relay to avoid alarms when the set point is reached. When a relay has been selected for this function, it cannot be used for other functions.

  • Page 81: Step-Up And Step-Down Transformer

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 3 DG Scenario Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 10 11 12 13 14 15 Time The above is a simplified scenario. 4.20 Step-up and step-down transformer 4.20.1 Step-up transformer In certain cases, the use of a generator with step-up transformer (called a block) is required. This may be to adapt to the closest grid voltage or to step up the voltage to minimise the losses in cables and also to bring down the cable size.

  • Page 82: Vector Group For Step-Up Transformer

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Typically the synchronising breaker is on the high voltage (HV) side, and there is no breaker (or only a man- ually operated one) on the low voltage (LV) side. In some applications, the breaker could also be placed on the LV side.
  • Page 83 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Typical vector groups Vector group Clock notation Phase shift LV lag degrees compared to HV 0 ° 0 ° -30 ° 30 ° -60 ° 60 ° -120 ° 120 ° -150 ° 150 °...
  • Page 84 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Connections: Busbar Generator AGC 3/ AGC 4/ PPU/ GPU/ PPM/ GPC AGC 200 The connection shown in the diagram should always be used when an ML-2 is used for a gen- set. Vector group 1 The phase shift is -30 degrees.
  • Page 85 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Connections: Busbar Generator AGC 3/ AGC 4/ PPU/ GPU/ PPM/ GPC AGC 200 The connection shown in the diagram should always be used when an ML-2 is used for a gen- set. Vector group 11 The phase angle shift is 11 ×...
  • Page 86 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Connections: Busbar Generator AGC 3/ AGC 4/ PPU/ GPU/ PPM/ GPC AGC 200 The connection shown in the diagram should always be used when an ML-2 is used for a genset. Vector group 6 The phase angle shift is 6 ×...
  • Page 87 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Connections: Busbar Generator AGC 3/ AGC 4/ PPU/ GPU/ PPM/ GPC AGC 200 The connection shown in the diagram should always be used when an ML-2 is used for a gen- set. Select 179 degrees in parameter 9141 when vector group 6 is used.
  • Page 88 Yd11, Dy11, Yz11 -30 ° DEIF does not take responsibility that the compensation is correct. Before closing the breaker, DEIF recommends that customers always measure the synchronisation themselves. If voltage measurement is connected incorrectly, the setting in parameter 9141 will be wrong.

  • Page 89: Setup Of Step-Up Transformer And Measurement Transformer

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 4.20.3 Setup of step-up transformer and measurement transformer If the HV side of the transformer is transforming the voltage up to a voltage level higher than 690 V AC, it will be necessary with measurement transformers. The setup of all these parameters can be done from the utility...

  • Page 90: Vector Group For Step-Down Transformer

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions Parameter Comment Setting 6002 Generator nominal power 6003 Generator nominal current 6004 Generator nominal voltage 6041 LV measurement transformer primary side (There is none here) 6042 LV measurement transformer secondary side (There is none here)
  • Page 91 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions If a step-down transformer and an ML-2 for the mains breaker are mounted, note how the measurements are mounted on the ML-2. The correct connection is shown below. Load Optional Busbar Mains AGC 3/ AGC 4/ PPU/...

  • Page 92: Setup Of Step-Down Transformer And Measurement Transformer

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions 4.20.5 Setup of step-down transformer and measurement transformer If the HV side of the transformer has a voltage level higher than 690 V AC, it will be necessary with measure- ment transformers. In this example, the HV side is 690 V, and therefore there is no need for a measurement transformer.
  • Page 93 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions These settings can be programmed via the display or the utility software. These settings must be put into the parameters shown in the table below: Parameter Comment Setting 6002 Generator nominal power 6003 Generator nominal current...

  • Page 94: Protections

    When the timer runs out, the output is activated. The total delay will be the delay setting + the reaction time. When parameterising the DEIF controller, the measuring class of the controller and an ade- quate "safety" margin must be taken into consideration.
  • Page 95 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Protections Phase-neutral Phase-phase L3-L1 L3-L1 L1-L2 L1-L2 L1-N L1-N L2-L3 L2-L3 As indicated in the vector diagram, there is a difference in voltage values at an error situation for the phase- neutral voltage and the phase-phase voltage.

  • Page 96: Inverse Time Over-Current

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Protections The result can be expressed as a curve function: % Nominal Voltage This means that if the voltage drops, the over-current set point will also drop. The voltage values for the six points on the curve are fixed; the current values can be adjusted in the range 50 to 200 %.
  • Page 97 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Protections where t(G) is the theoretical operating time constant value of G in seconds k, c, α are the constants characterising the selected curve is the measured value of the characteristic quantity is the setting value is the time multiplier setting The constants k and c have a unit of seconds, α...
  • Page 98 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Protections There is a choice between seven different curve shapes, of which six are predefined and one is user-defina- ble: IEC Inverse IEC Very Inverse IEC Extremely Inverse IEEE Moderately Inverse IEEE Very Inverse IEEE Extremely Inverse...

  • Page 99: Reverse Power

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Protections Standard curves Time IEC Inverse IEEE Moderately Inverse IEEE Very Inverse IEC Very Inverse IEEE Extremely Inverse IEC Extremely Inverse .6 .7 .9 1 5 6 7 8 9 10 Multiples of LIM The curves are shown for TMS = 1.

  • Page 100: Trip Of Non-Essential Load (Nel)

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Protections The diagram above shows that when the reverse power increases from P1 to P2, the delay will also be short- Settings related to reverse power protection: 1000 G -P> 1 AND 1010 G -P> 2...

  • Page 101: Reset Ratio (Hysteresis)

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Protections Trip of the NEL groups due to the load of a running generator set will reduce the load on the busbar and thus reduce the load percentage on the running generator set. This may prevent a possible blackout at the busbar caused by an overload on the running generator sets.

  • Page 102: Pid Controller

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK PID controller 6. PID controller 6.1 PID controller The PID controller consists of a proportional regulator, an integral regulator and a differential regulator. The PID controller is able to eliminate the regulation deviation and can easily be tuned in.

  • Page 103: Proportional Regulator

    As illustrated in the above drawing and equation, each regulator (P, I and D) gives an output which is sum- marised to the total controller output. The adjustable settings for the PID controllers in the GPC-3 unit are: The gain for the proportional part.
  • Page 104 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK PID controller P regulator 0.5 % Speed range Because of the characteristic above, it is recommended to use the full range of the output to avoid an unsta- ble regulation. If the output range used is too small, a small regulation deviation will cause a rather big output change.
  • Page 105 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK PID controller Dynamic regulation area The drawing below shows the dynamic regulation area at given values of Kp. The dynamic area gets smaller, if the Kp is adjusted to a higher value. Dynamic regulation band Kp=50...
  • Page 106 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK PID controller Integral action time, Ti Ti = 10 s Ti = 20 s As it appears from the drawing, the output reaches 5 mA twice as fast at a Ti setting of 10 s than with a set- ting of 20 s.
  • Page 107 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK PID controller D-regulator Deviation 2 D-output 2, Td=1s Deviation 1 D-output 2, Td=0.5 s D-output 1, Td=0.5 s Time [s] Deviation 1: A deviation with a slope of 1. Deviation 2: A deviation with a slope of 2.5 (2.5 times bigger than deviation 1).

  • Page 108: Relay Control

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK PID controller 6.3 Relay control Regulator output 45Hz 50Hz 55Hz Fix up signal Up pulse No reg. Down pulse Fix down signal The regulation with relays can be split up into five steps. # Range Description...
  • Page 109 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK PID controller Relay adjustments The time settings for the regulation relays can be adjusted in the control setup. It is possible to adjust the “GOV period time” and the “GOV ON time”. As it is indicated in the drawing below, the length of the relay pulse will depend on the actual regulation devia- tion.
  • Page 110 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK PID controller P regulator 0.5 % In this example we have a 2 % regulation deviation and an adjusted value of the Kp = 20. The calculated regulator value of the unit is 40 %. Now the pulse length can be calculated with a period time = 2500 ms:...

  • Page 111: Synchronisation

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation 7. Synchronisation 7.1 General information Two different synchronisation principles are available, namely static and dynamic synchronisation (dynamic is selected by default). This chapter describes the principles of the synchronisation functions and the adjust- ment. In the following, the term “synchronisation” means “synchronising and closing of the synchronised breaker”.

  • Page 112: Close Signal

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation The intention of the synchronising is to decrease the phase angle difference between the two rotating sys- tems. These two systems are the three-phase system of the generator and the three-phase system of the busbar. In the illustration above, phase L1 of the busbar is always pointing at 12 o’clock, whereas phase L1 of the synchronising genset is pointing in different directions due to the slip frequency.
  • Page 113 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation To avoid nuisance trips caused by reverse power, the synchronising settings can be set up with a positive slip frequency. FUEL INDEX Gen1 100% LOAD FUEL INDEX Gen2 100% Illustration 1, POSITIVE slip frequency ______________________________________________________________________________________...

  • Page 114: Static Synchronisation

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation It is obvious that this type of synchronisation is able to synchronise relatively fast because of the adjusted minimum and maximum slip frequencies. This actually means that when the unit is aiming to control the fre- quency towards its set point, synchronising can still occur as long as the frequency is within the limits of the slip frequency adjustments.

  • Page 115: Phase Controller

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation 7.3.1 Phase controller When the static synchronisation is used and the synchronising is activated, the frequency controller will bring the genset frequency towards the busbar frequency. When the genset frequency is within 50 mHz of the bus- bar frequency, the phase controller takes over.

  • Page 116: Synchronising Controller

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation Static synchronisation types It is possible to select between three different functions of the static synchronisation, dependent on applica- tion requirements. Breaker Normal functionality; a breaker ON pulse is activated when the requirements for synchroni- sync.:...

  • Page 117: Synchronising Vector Mismatch Alarm

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation 7.5 Synchronising vector mismatch alarm During synchronisation, the calculation and synchronisation check is based on BB-L1 and DG-L1 measure- ments. The “vector mismatch” alarm (menu 2190) will appear if a phase angle difference between BB L2/L3 and Gen L2/L3 is above 20 deg.

  • Page 118: Asynchronous Synchronisation

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation 7.6 Asynchronous synchronisation This function requires option M4. Closing of a breaker for an asynchronous generator (also called induction generator) can be selected in menu 6361 where the selection of generator type is made. When the generator type is set to “asynchronous”, the closing of the breaker is based on the MPU signal only.

  • Page 119: Separate Synchronising Relay

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation Requirements for blackout closing of the breaker: Condition Description Blackout detected Blackout is detected when the voltage on the busbar is below 30 % of nomi- nal busbar voltage Generator voltage and fre- To initiate the black closing, the generator voltage and frequency must be in-...
  • Page 120 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation Relay/ Relay selected Relay not selected Input Two relays used One relay used Synchronising: Synchronising: used The breaker ON relay and the sync. relay activate at the The breaker ON relay activates same time when synchronising is OK.

  • Page 121: Inhibit Conditions Before Synchronising Mains Breaker

    GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation 7.9 Inhibit conditions before synchronising mains breaker This function is used to inhibit the synchronising of the mains breaker after blackout. After blackout, the timer in menu 2291 ("Delay activate recovery 2") will start to run, and if the mains voltage and frequency are inside the limits (2281/2282/2283/2284) before the timer runs out, the short interruption timer (menu 2292 "Recovery...
  • Page 122 GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation Recovery timer 2 (long interruption timer) Menu 2291 = 3 s Menu 2294 = 60 s The long interruption timer will allow the MB to reconnect as soon as the mains voltage and frequency have been uninterrupted within the timer setting in menu 2294 ("Recovery del.

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