Application Of Settings; Overview; Introduction; Sample Busbar And Data - GE B90 Instruction Manual

B90 Low Impedance Bus Differential System
Chapter 8: Application of settings

Application of settings

This chapter provides example(s) of use.

8.1 Overview

8.1.1 Introduction

This chapter provides an example of setting calculations for a sample bus. The selected example includes various bus
configurations to clarify a number of typical situations. Both the bus configuration and numerical data used are not meant
to reflect any specific utility practice or design standards.
It is also assumed that the CTs have been selected without considering a B90 application, but the UR settings are to be
calculated for proper relay application. The CT data used in this example are kept to a minimum and in a generic form. The
CT data does not reflect any particular notation or national standards.
The analysis provided in this chapter has been performed with the following goals:
• The limits of linear operation of the CTs considering zero remanent flux have been determined in order to select the
high breakpoint settings of the biased differential characteristic
• The limits of linear operation of the CTs considering a remanent flux of 80% have been determined in order to select
the low breakpoint settings of the biased differential characteristic
• Saturation of the CTs has been analyzed in order to select the higher slope of the biased differential characteristic and
the high set differential overcurrent setting
The analysis tools and safety margins applied are examples only and do not reflect any particular protection philosophy.
Typically, for the CT saturation related calculations, it is sufficient to consider the weakest (most prone to saturation) CT
connected to the bus and the total bus fault current combined with the longest time constant among all the circuits
connected to the bus. This chapter provides more detailed analysis (see the Slopes and High Set Threshold section) in order
to illustrate the idea of using setting groups to enhance the B90 performance when the bus configuration changes (see
the Enhancing Relay Performance section).

8.1.2 Sample busbar and data

The figure shows a double bus arrangement with North and South buses. This station has five circuits (C-1 through C-5)
and a tiebreaker (B-7). Circuit C-1 is connected to the North bus; circuits C-2, C-3 and C-4 can be routed to either bus via
switches S-1 through S-6; circuit C-5 can be connected to either bus via breakers B-5 and B-6.
B90 LOW IMPEDANCE BUS DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 8-1