Intel 80960KB Manual
Intel 80960KB Manual

Intel 80960KB Manual

Embedded 32-bit microprocessor with integrated floating-point unit

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EMBEDDED 32-BIT MICROPROCESSOR
WITH INTEGRATED FLOATING-POINT UNIT
High-Performance Embedded
Architecture
— 25 MIPS Burst Execution at 25 MHz
— 9.4 MIPS* Sustained Execution at
25 MHz
512-Byte On-Chip Instruction Cache
— Direct Mapped
— Parallel Load/Decode for Uncached
Instructions
Multiple Register Sets
— Sixteen Global 32-Bit Registers
— Sixteen Local 32-Bit Registers
— Four Local Register Sets Stored
On-Chip
— Register Scoreboarding
4 Gigabyte, Linear Address Space
Pin Compatible with 80960KA
FOUR
SIXTEEN
80-BIT FP
32-BIT GLOBAL
REGISTERS
REGISTERS
80-BIT
FPU
512-BYTE
INSTRUCTION
INSTRUCTION
FETCH UNIT
CACHE
Figure 1. The 80960KB Processor's Highly Parallel Architecture
© INTEL CORPORATION, 2004
80960KB
Built-in Interrupt Controller
— 31 Priority Levels, 256 Vectors
— 3.4 µs Latency @ 25 MHz
Easy to Use, High Bandwidth 32-Bit Bus
— 66.7 Mbytes/s Burst
— Up to 16 Bytes Transferred per Burst
132-Lead Packages:
— Pin Grid Array (PGA)
— Plastic Quad Flat-Pack (PQFP)
On-Chip Floating Point Unit
— Supports IEEE 754 Floating Point
— Four 80-Bit Registers
— 13.6 Million Whetstones/s (Single
64- BY 32-BIT
32-BIT
LOCAL
INSTRUCTION
REGISTER
EXECUTION
CACHE
UNIT
MICRO-
INSTRUCTION
INSTRUCTION
DECODER
SEQUENCER
August, 2004
Standard
Precision) at 25 MHz
32-BIT
BUS CONTROL
LOGIC
MICRO-
INSTRUCTION
ROM
Order Number: 270565-008
80960KB
32-BIT
BURST
BUS

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Summary of Contents for Intel 80960KB

  • Page 1 EXECUTION CACHE UNIT 80-BIT 32-BIT BUS CONTROL LOGIC MICRO- 512-BYTE MICRO- 32-BIT INSTRUCTION INSTRUCTION INSTRUCTION INSTRUCTION INSTRUCTION BURST FETCH UNIT DECODER SEQUENCER CACHE Figure 1. The 80960KB Processor’s Highly Parallel Architecture © INTEL CORPORATION, 2004 August, 2004 Order Number: 270565-008...
  • Page 2 Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice.
  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents 80960KB EMBEDDED 32-BIT MICROPROCESSOR 1.0 THE i960® PROCESSOR .......................... 1 1.1 Key Performance Features ......................... 2 1.1.1 Memory Space And Addressing Modes ................... 4 1.1.2 Data Types ..........................4 1.1.3 Large Register Set ........................4 1.1.4 Multiple Register Sets ......................5 1.1.5 Instruction Cache ........................
  • Page 4 Contents FIGURES Figure 1. 80960KA Programming Environment ..................1 Figure 2. Instruction Formats ........................4 Figure 3. Multiple Register Sets Are Stored On-Chip ................6 Figure 4. Connection Recommendations for Low Current Drive Network ..........11 Figure 5. Connection Recommendations for High Current Drive Network ..........11 Figure 6.
  • Page 5 Contents TABLES Table 1. 80960KA Instruction Set ......................3 Table 2. Memory Addressing Modes ....................... 4 Table 3. 80960KA Pin Description: L-Bus Signals ................... 8 Table 4. 80960KA Pin Description: Support Signals ................9 Table 5. DC Characteristics ........................15 Table 6.
  • Page 7: The I960® Processor

    Since time to market is critical, The 80960KB is a member of Intel’s i960® 32-bit embedded microprocessors need to be easy to use processor family, which is designed especially for in both hardware and software designs.
  • Page 8: Key Performance Features

    4. Simple Instruction Formats. All instructions in the 80960KB are 32 bits long and must be aligned on word boundaries. This alignment makes it possible to eliminate the instruction alignment stage in the pipeline. To simplify the...
  • Page 9 80960KB Table 1. 80960KB Instruction Set Data Movement Arithmetic Logical Bit and Bit Field Load Set Bit Store Subtract Not And Clear Bit Move Multiply And Not Not Bit Load Address Divide Check Bit Remainder Exclusive Or Alter Bit Modulo...
  • Page 10: Memory Space And Addressing Modes

    • 8-, 16-, 32- and 64-bit ordinals bytes). • 8-, 16-, 32- and 64-bit integers For ease of use the 80960KB has a small number of • 32-, 64- and 80-bit real numbers addressing modes, but includes all those necessary...
  • Page 11: Multiple Register Sets

    If four or more procedures are active and a new execute additional instructions placed between the procedure is called, the 80960KB moves the oldest LOAD and the instruction that uses the register local register set in the stack-frame cache to a...
  • Page 12: High Bandwidth Local Bus

    Figure 4. Multiple Register Sets Are Stored On-Chip 1.1.7 Floating-Point Arithmetic Table 3. Sample Floating-Point Execution Times (µs) at 25 MHz In the 80960KB, floating-point arithmetic has been Function 32-Bit 64-Bit made an integral part of the architecture. Having the floating-point unit integrated on-chip provides two advantages.
  • Page 13: Interrupt Handling

    1.1.9 Interrupt Handling 1.1.11 Fault Detection The 80960KB can be interrupted in two ways: by the The 80960KB has an automatic mechanism to activation of one of four interrupt pins or by sending handle faults. Fault types include floating point, trace a message on the processor’s data bus.
  • Page 14 DESCRIPTION CLK2 SYSTEM CLOCK provides the fundamental timing for 80960KB systems. It is divided by two inside the 80960KB and four 80-bit registers (FP0 through FP3) to generate the internal processor clock. LAD31:0 LOCAL ADDRESS / DATA BUS carries 32-bit physical addresses and data to and from memory.
  • Page 15 80960KB Table 4. 80960KB Pin Description: L-Bus Signals (Sheet 2 of 2) NAME TYPE DESCRIPTION BE3:0 BYTE ENABLE LINES specify the data bytes (up to four) on the bus which are used in the current bus cycle. BE3 corresponds to LAD31:24; BE0 corresponds to O.D.
  • Page 16: Electrical Specifications

    80960KB Table 5. 80960KB Pin Description: Support Signals (Sheet 2 of 2) NAME TYPE DESCRIPTION FAILURE INITIALIZATION FAILURE indicates that the processor did not initialize correctly. After RESET deasserts and before the first bus transaction begins, FAILURE O.D. asserts while the processor performs a self-test. If the self-test completes successfully, then FAILURE deasserts.
  • Page 17: Connection Recommendations

    10 shows the worst case output low voltage (V Figure 11 shows the typical capacitive derating OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUT curve for the 80960KB measured from 1.5V on the system clock (CLK) to 1.5V on the falling edge and 1.5V on the rising edge of the L-Bus address/data 220 Ω...
  • Page 18 80960KB = 5.0 V 25 MHz 20 MHz 16 MHz -60-40-20020406080100120140 CASE TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 7. Typical Supply Current vs. Case Temperature TEMP = +22°C @5.5V @5.0V @4.5V OPERATING FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 8. Typical Current vs. Frequency (Room Temp)
  • Page 19 Figure 11. Capacitive Derating Curve Current on Open-Drain Pins Test Load Circuit 80960KB’s three-state pins; Figure 13 shows the load circuit used to test the open drain outputs. The open drain test uses an active load circuit in the form...
  • Page 20: Test Load Circuit

    I legs are not used. When THREE-STATE OUTPUT the 80960KB driver under test is turned off, the output pin is pulled up to V (i.e., V ). Diode D is turned off and the I...
  • Page 21: Dc Characteristics

    DC Characteristics PGA: 80960KB (16 MHz) T C, V = 5V ± 10% 0°C to +85° CASE 80960KB (20 and 25 MHz) T C, V = 5V ± 5% 0°C to +85° CASE PQFP: 80960KB (16 MHz) T C, V = 5V ±...
  • Page 22: Ac Specifications

    CACHE LOCK, INTA 1.5V 1.5V VALID OUTPUT 1.5V 1.5V DT/R INPUTS: LAD31:0 2.0V 2.0V BADAC 0.8V 0.8V IAC/INT0, INT1 INT2/INTR, INT3 VALID INPUT HOLD 2.0V 2.0V LOCK 0.8V 0.8V READY Figure 14. Drive Levels and Timing Relationships for 80960KB Signals...
  • Page 23: Ac Specification Tables

    80960KB 2.8.1 AC Specification Tables Table 7. 80960KB AC Characteristics (16 MHz) Symbol Parameter Units Notes Input Clock Processor Clock Period (CLK2) 31.25 = 1.5V Processor Clock Low Time (CLK2) = 10% Point = 1.2V Processor Clock High Time (CLK2) = 90% Point = 0.1V + 0.5 V...
  • Page 24 80960KB Table 8. 80960KB AC Characteristics (20 MHz) Symbol Parameter Units Notes Input Clock Processor Clock Period (CLK2) = 1.5V Processor Clock Low Time (CLK2) = 10% Point = 1.2V Processor Clock High Time (CLK2) = 90% Point = 0.1V + 0.5 V...
  • Page 25 80960KB Table 9. 80960KB AC Characteristics (25 MHz) Symbol Parameter Units Notes Input Clock Processor Clock Period (CLK2) = 1.5V Processor Clock Low Time (CLK2) = 10% Point = 1.2V Processor Clock High Time (CLK2) = 90% Point = 0.1V + 0.5 V...
  • Page 26 80960KB HIGH LEVEL (MIN) 0.55V 1.5 V LOW LEVEL (MAX) 0.8V Figure 15. Processor Clock Pulse (CLK2) FIRST CLK2 RESET OUTPUTS INIT PARAMETERS (BADAC, = RESET HOLD /IAC) MUST BE SET UP 8 CLOCKS = RESET SETUP PRIOR TO THIS CLK2 EDGE...
  • Page 27: Mechanical Data

    Figure 19 shows a view from the PGA top (pins facing down). Figure 20 shows the PQFP The 80960KB is available in two package types: package; Figure 21 shows the PQFP pinout with • 132-lead ceramic pin-grid array (PGA). Pins are signal names.
  • Page 28 N.C. N.C. HOLD LAD BADAC CLK2 RESET Figure 18. 80960KB PGA Pinout—View from Bottom (Pins Facing Up) ERRATA 6-17-97: Pin M2 was N.C.; should be V Pin M13 was V ; should be N.C. This page now shows it correctly.
  • Page 29 HOLD RESET LAD CLK2 Figure 19. 80960KB PGA Pinout—View from Top (Pins Facing Down) Figure 20. 80960KB 132-Lead Plastic Quad Flat-Pack (PQFP) Package NOTE: To address the fact that many of the package prefix variables have changed, all package prefix variables in this document are now indicated with an "x".
  • Page 30 80960KB 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 LAD0 LAD1 LAD2 LAD3 LAD4 LAD5...
  • Page 31: Pinout

    80960KB Pinout Table 10. 80960KB PGA Pinout — In Pin Order Signal Signal Signal Signal LOCK N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. /INTA DT/R N.C. N.C. IAC/INT N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. HLDA N.C. N.C. /INTR N.C. N.C. FAILURE N.C.
  • Page 32 80960KB Table 11. 80960KB PGA Pinout — In Signal Order Signal Signal Signal Signal N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. BADAC N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. READY N.C. RESET CACHE N.C. CLK2 N.C. N.C. DT/R N.C. FAILURE N.C. HLDA N.C.
  • Page 33 80960KB Table 12. 80960KB PQFP Pinout — In Pin Order Signal Signal Signal Signal HLDA N.C. N.C. LAD26 LAD27 N.C. LAD28 N.C. LAD29 N.C. N.C. LAD30 N.C. LAD31 N.C. CACHE N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. READY N.C. N.C. DT/R N.C. N.C.
  • Page 34 80960KB Table 13. 80960KB PQFP Pinout — In Signal Order Signal Signal Signal Signal N.C. N.C. BADAC N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. CACHE N.C. CLK2 N.C. N.C. DT/R N.C. FAILURE N.C. HLDA N.C. HOLD N.C. IAC/INT N.C. N.C. /INTR N.C.
  • Page 35: Package Thermal Specification

    (Omnidirectional θ Heatsink) J-CAP θ Case-to-Ambient (Unidirectional Heat- sink) NOTES: 1. This table applies to 80960KB PGA plugged into socket or soldered directly to board. 2. θ = θ + θ 3. θ = 4°C/W (approx.) J-CAP θ = 4°C/W (inner pins) (approx.) J-PIN θ...
  • Page 36 Airflow — ft./min (m/sec) Parameter (0.25) (0.50) (1.01) (2.03) (3.04) (4.06) θ Junction-to-Case θ Case-to-Ambient (No Heatsink) NOTES: 1. This table applies to 80960KB PQFP soldered directly to board. θ θ θ θ = 18°C/W (approx.) θ = 18°C/W (approx.) θ θ θ...
  • Page 37 80960KB AIRFLOW (ft/min) PQFP PGA with no PGA with omni- PGA with uni- heatsink directional heatsink directional heatsink Figure 23. 16 MHz Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature AIRFLOW (ft/min) PQFP PGA with no PGA with omni- PGA with uni- heatsink directional heatsink directional heatsink Figure 24.
  • Page 38 Figure 25. 25 MHz Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature AIRFLOW (ft/min) PGA with no PGA with omni- PGA with uni- heatsink directional heatsink directional heatsink Figure 26. Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature for the Extended Temperature TA-80960KB at 20 MHz in PGA Package...
  • Page 39: Waveforms

    80960KB WAVEFORMS Figures 27, 28, 29 and 30 show the waveforms for various transactions on the 80960KB’s local bus. CLK2 LAD31:0 BE3:0 DT/R READY Figure 27. Non-Burst Read and Write Transactions Without Wait States...
  • Page 40 80960KB CLK2 LAD31:0 BE3:0 DT/R READY Figure 28. Burst Read and Write Transaction Without Wait States...
  • Page 41 80960KB CLK2 LAD31:0 BE3:0 DT/R READY Figure 29. Burst Write Transaction with 2, 1, 1, 1 Wait States...
  • Page 42 80960KB CLK2 LAD31:0 BE3:2 BE1:0 DT/R READY Figure 30. Accesses Generated by Quad Word Read Bus Request, Misaligned Two Bytes from Quad Word Boundary (1, 0, 0, 0 Wait States)
  • Page 43 80960KB PREVIOUS INTERRUPT INTERRUPT IDLE CYCLE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (5 BUS STATES) CYCLE 1 CYCLE 2 CLK2 INTR LAD31:0 VECTOR ADDR ADDR INTA DT/R LOCK READY NOTE: INTR can go low no sooner than the input hold time following the beginning of interrupt acknowledgment cycle 1.
  • Page 44: Revision History

    CLK2. Open-drain output signals drawn to show correct inactive states. Various -005 Deleted all references to 10 MHz. Intel no longer offers a 10 MHz 80960KB device. Table 4. 80960KB Pin -006 DEN pin description omitted from revision -005.

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