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Nslookup
NTP (Network Time Protocol)
NVG
Passphrase
PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail)
Ping (Packet INternet Groper)
PKCS12
PKI (public key infrastructure)
Copyright © 2007-2008 Nortel Networks
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A utility used to find the IP address or host name of a machine on
a network. To use the nslookup command on the VPN Gateway,
it must have been configured to use a DNS server.
A protocol used to synchronize the real-time clock in a computer.
There are numerous primary and secondary servers on the
Internet that are synchronized to the Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC) through radio, satellite or modem.
Nortel VPN Gateway.
Passphrases differ from passwords only in length. Passwords are
usually short, from six to ten characters. Short passwords may be
adequate for logging onto computer systems that are programmed
to detect a large number of incorrect guesses, but they are not
safe for use with encryption systems. Passphrases are usually
much longer—up to 100 characters or more. Their greater length
makes passphrases more secure.
A standard for secure e-mail on the Internet. It supports
encryption, digital signatures and digital certificates as well as
both private and public key methods. Keys and certificates are
often stored in the PEM format.
A utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is
online.
A standard for storing private keys and certificates.
Short for public key infrastructure, a system of digital certificates,
Certificate Authorities, and other registration authorities that verify
and authenticate the validity of each party involved in an Internet
transaction. PKIs are currently evolving and there is no single
PKI nor even a single agreed-upon standard for setting up a PKI.
However, nearly everyone agrees that reliable PKIs are necessary
before electronic commerce can become widespread.
A PKI is also called a trust hierarchy.
Nortel VPN Gateway
User Guide
NN46120-104 02.01 Standard
14 April 2008
289
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