CYBEX Free Weight Owner's Service Manual page 46

Scoliosis - a lateral curvature of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic area.
Secondary Joint - hinge joints that have a singular function (elbow/knee). Muscles are situated on either
side of these joints in virtual, if not real, pairings.
Set - in an interval training program, a group of work and relief intervals. In weight lifting, the number of
repetitions performed consecutively without resting.
Shear - two parallel forces applied in opposite directions that are not in line with each other constitute
a shearing load or stress. The site of muscular attachment is the axis around which the forces of shear
develop. This becomes the "force axis" as opposed to the anatomical axis.
Shunt Muscle - directs the greater part of its contractile force along the bone it is moving (creating
greater force towards compression/stabilization). The brachioradialis is a shunt during an arm curl.
Skeletal Muscle - muscle controlling skeletal movement that is normally under voluntary control.
Skewing - the result of a vector shift through a limb or system.
Sliding Filament Theory - a muscle shortens or lengthens because the thick and thin myofi brils slide
past one another without the fi laments changing length.
Slow-twitch Fibers - skeletal muscle fi bers characterized by relatively slow contraction times and
great capacity for the aerobic production of adenosine triphosphate.
Sprain - the permanent deformation of the structure due to excessive or prolonged stress/strain.
Spurt Muscle - directs the greater part of its force across the bone it is moving rather than along it
(creating greater effort towards motion). The biceps is a spurt during an arm curl.
Stabilizer - a muscle that steadies or supports a joint in order that another active muscle may have
a fi rm base upon which to pull.
Static contraction - a muscular contraction that does not involve changes in the angle of the joint(s)
involved.
Steady state - that state of physiological stability wherein the energy demands of the body can be
met relatively easily for a prolonged period of time.
Strain - the deformation of the structure as the result of stress.
Strength - the ability to exert muscular force briefl y.
Stress - the force created within a structure when placed under load.
Submaximal exercise - usually exercise at less than maximal intensity, but may also refer to exercise
of less than maximal duration.
Superior - a higher position upon or within the body.
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-8
Cybex Free Weight Owner's Manual