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Appendix K:
Understanding.Urine.Dilutions.on.the.VETSCAN.SA
Why dilutions are sometimes needed
The VETSCAN SA is able to evaluate cellular and non-cellular elements of the urine by
identifying individual elements that are not grouped together or stacked. If large amounts
of debris or cellularity are present, dilution may be necessary to enable the identification of
individual elements.
Pre-analytical evaluation
The physical properties of the urine include color and urine clarity, urine odor and urine specific
gravity.
When evaluating the urine color and clarity, urine samples should be evaluated through
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a clear specimen container.
Abnormal urine color can result from metabolic conditions, pathological conditions, physical
exertion, or drug administration. Urine turbidity could be caused by crystals, cells, mucus, fat,
bacteria, casts, and potentially spermatozoa in the urine.
differentiate between the potential causes for urine color and urine turbidity.
Analysis
Urine turbidity can be changed or increased for several reasons, including the presence of
crystals, mucus, lipids, bacteria, or casts in the urine.
of pathology in urine sediment, urine samples should not be diluted prior to initial analysis on
the VETSCAN SA.
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Different levels of urine clarity are shown below:
Clear
Cloudy
Very Cloudy
VETSCAN SA Workflow
1. Evaluate urine sample. Note collection method, color, clarity and specific gravity on the
VETSCAN SA Measure screen.
2. Mix urine by gently inverting and run sample on the VETSCAN SA.
3. Review the VETSCAN SA results and 96 images provided on the initial sediment analysis.
4. If enough clinical insight cannot be gathered from the images, a dilution may need
to be performed.
1. Sink CA and Weinstein NM. Routine Urinalysis: Physical Properties In: Practical Veterinary Urinalysis. Ames, IA: John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2012.
pgs. 19-28. 2. Sink CA and Weinstein NM. Specimen Procurement In: Practical Veterinary Urinalysis. Ames, IA: John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2012.
pgs. 9-18. 3. Zoetis Data on File. Study No. TI-04858
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Opaque
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A full urinalysis must be performed to
To avoid over dilution and underdiagnosis
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VE TS CA N SA US ER ' S M A N UA L
1 . 2 S OF T WA RE
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