Eis Speed; Ancillary Apparatus; Floating Operation - Gamry Instruments Reference 3000 Operator's Manual

Potentiostat/galvanostat/zra

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Measurement of Small-current Signals – Floating Operation

EIS Speed

In EIS, do not expect the Reference 3000 to measure 10

Ω impedances at 1 kHz. Many of the factors listed

above limit the performance.

As a rule of thumb, the product of impedance, Z, times frequency, f, should be less than 10

·Hz for good EIS

measurements with a Reference 3000.

Z · f < 10

·Hz

Do not use the Reference 3000 with ancillary apparatus connected directly to any of the cell leads. Ammeters

and voltmeters, regardless of their specifications, almost always create problems when connected to the

Reference 3000 cell leads.

The Reference 3000 is capable of operation with cells where one of the electrodes or a cell surface is at earth

ground. Examples of earth-grounded cells include: autoclaves, stress apparatus, pipelines, storage tanks and

battleships. The Reference 3000's internal ground is allowed to float with respect to earth ground when it

works with these cells, hence the name "floating operation".

Instrument performance can be substantially degraded when the Reference 3000 is operated in a floating

mode. The instrument specifications only apply on isolated cells with the Reference 3000 earth-ground

referenced (not floating).

Special precautions must be taken with the cell connections when the Reference 3000 must float. Make sure

that all the cell connections are isolated from earth ground. In this case, you must disconnect the chassis-

ground terminal of the Reference 3000 from earth ground.

Finally, ancillary apparatus connected to the Reference 3000 must be isolated. External voltmeters, ammeters,

FRAs, etc. must be isolated. This includes devices connected to the monitor connectors located on the

Reference 3000 rear panel.

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