Gamry Instruments Reference 30k Booster Operator's Manual
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Gamry Instruments Reference 30k Booster Operator's Manual

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Reference 30k Booster™
Operator's Manual
Copyright  1991–2021 Gamry Instruments, Inc.
Revision 1.7
August 24, 2021
988-00021

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Summary of Contents for Gamry Instruments Reference 30k Booster

  • Page 1 Reference 30k Booster™ Operator’s Manual Copyright  1991–2021 Gamry Instruments, Inc. Revision 1.7 August 24, 2021 988-00021...

  • Page 3: If You Have Problems

    Please have your instrument model and serial numbers available, as well as any applicable software and firmware revisions. If you have problems in installation or use of a system containing a Reference 30k Booster, please call from a phone next to your computer, where you can type and read the screen while talking to us.

  • Page 4: Disclaimers

    Disclaimers Disclaimers Gamry Instruments, Inc. cannot guarantee that the Reference 30k Booster will work with all computer systems, operating systems, and with older Reference 3000 potentiostat systems. The information in this manual has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate as of the time of printing.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    RoHS Compliance ..........................16 Chapter 2: Introduction ..........................17 Compatibility with Older Reference 3000 Potentiostats ................. 17 Cable Connections from Reference 3000 to the Reference 30k Booster ..........18 Analog Cable ..........................18 Digital Cable ..........................18 Theory of Operation ..........................18 Grounding (Earthing) ..........................
  • Page 6 Connecting Earth and System Ground ....................46 Grounds and Additional Test Equipment ....................48 Reference 30k Booster Use in Systems Isolated from Earth Ground ............48 Use in Systems Connected to Earth Ground ................... 49 Limits on Ground Voltage ........................49 Appendix C: Certifications ..........................

  • Page 7: Chapter 1: Safety Considerations

    In the Reference 30k Booster this protective ground connection is made via the ground prong in the AC line cord. When you use the Reference 30k Booster with an approved line cord, the connection to the protective earth-ground is automatically made prior to making any power connections.

  • Page 8: Line Voltage And Fuses

    They can perform a simple continuity check to verify the connection of the Reference 30k Booster chassis to earth, and check that the line cord is suitable for 1.5 kW power. Note that these checks only verify the safety of your Reference 30k Booster AC power connections —they do not verify safety of the system used for a specific application.

  • Page 9: Replacing Or Checking The Ac Power Fuses

    Two fuses are used, one for each side of the AC line. The Reference 30k Booster uses “European Style” 5 mm × 20 mm cylindrical fuses. Time- lag fuses that are designed to meet IEC Publication 60127-2 are required.

  • Page 10: Ventilation

    Ventilation Your Reference 30k Booster was designed to operate at ambient temperatures between 0C and 40C. Be careful when operating the Reference 30k Booster in an enclosed space (such as an enclosed relay rack or NEMA enclosure). Caution: The temperature within the enclosure must not exceed 40C.

  • Page 11: Defects And Abnormal Stresses

    It has been dropped or subjected to severe transport stress. • It has been subjected to environmental stress (corrosive atmosphere, fire, etc.). Do not use your Reference 30k Booster or any other apparatus if you think it could be hazardous. Have it checked by qualified service personnel. Environmental Limits There are environmental limit conditions on the storage, shipping, and operation of this equipment.

  • Page 12: Cleaning

    Safety Considerations – Cleaning Cleaning Disconnect the Reference 30k Booster from all power sources prior to cleaning. Clean the outside of the Reference 30k Booster enclosure with a rag dampened with either clean water or water containing a mild detergent. Warning: Never use a wet rag or allow water to enter the Reference 30k Booster enclosure.

  • Page 13: Ce Compliance

    Cell Fuses One of the safety features built into the Reference 30k Booster is fuses in the high-current cell leads. These fuses open if currents in excess of the booster’s 30 A rating flow into or out of the cell. The time required to open the fuses depends on the severity of the current overload.

  • Page 14: Fuses In Reference 3000 Counter/Working Cable

    A Reference 30k Booster with one or both Front Panel cell fuses open can still allow current flow into or out of the cell in “pass-through” mode. A different set of fuses in the Reference 3000 Counter/Working cable prevent excessive current into the Reference 3000.

  • Page 15: Emergency Shutdown Switch

    Another safety feature built into the Reference 30k Booster is the EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN switch. This large red knob on the front panel of the Reference 30k Booster allows the user to immediately shut off all electrical power flowing into or out of the cell from the Reference 30k Booster. Pressing on this obvious switch causes the switch to open.

  • Page 16: Shorting The Cell

    This barrier prevents a metal wrench (spanner) bridging between the terminals. Plastic barrier A user is responsible for his or her own safety. Gamry Instruments strongly recommends that you review all high-energy experiments with your organization’s safety officer. RoHS Compliance The Reference 30k Booster has been built using lead-free components and lead-free solder.

  • Page 17: Chapter 2: Introduction

    The Reference 30k Booster is always used in a system with a Gamry Instruments Reference 3000 Potentiostat/Galvanostat/ZRA. It cannot be used with other Gamry potentiostats or instruments from other manufacturers. An electrochemical test system consisting of a Reference 30k Booster and a Reference 3000 Potentiostat offers these impressive characteristics: •...

  • Page 18: Cable Connections From Reference 3000 To The Reference 30K Booster

    Theory of Operation Perhaps the easiest way to think of the Reference 30k Booster is as a part that adds one additional current range to the Reference 3000. The highest measurable current on the Reference 3000 is 3 A full-scale. When the system is boosted with a Reference 30k, the largest measurable current increases to 30 A.
  • Page 19 The high-current cable connecting the cell to the Reference 30k Booster is not shielded. This cable is optimized for low inductance, not low capacitance. The lack of shielding generally allows significant noise pick-up in the system, especially at the power-line (mains) frequency of 50 or 60 Hz.
  • Page 20 Introduction – Theory of Operation Figure 2-1 Simplified Range-switching Reference 30k Booster...

  • Page 21: Grounding (Earthing)

    System grounding is discussed more fully in Appendix B. See this chapter if you need to float your cell. Operating Modes As described above, the Reference 30k Booster can be thought of as an additional current range added to the Reference 3000 instrument. This additional range is available in all three common Reference 3000 control modes: potentiostatic, galvanostatic and ZRA.

  • Page 22: Limitations

    6 W resistor, and a Cal side that is a 200 mΩ 1 W resistor. The nominal tolerance of the resistors is 1%. The Test side of the fixture can handle the full 30 A output of the Reference 30k Booster. While it was wired for minimum inductance, resistances this low always suffer from errors caused by stray inductance.

  • Page 23: Chapter 3: Installation

    Initial Visual Inspection After you remove your Reference 30k Booster from its shipping carton, check it for any signs of shipping damage. If any damage is noted, please notify Gamry Instruments, Inc., and the shipping carrier immediately. Save the shipping container for possible inspection by the carrier.

  • Page 24: Reference 3000 Compatibility

    Booster compatibility of that specific Reference 3000 potentiostat. Physical Location You can place your Reference 30k Booster on a normal workbench surface. You need access to the rear of the instrument because some cable connections are made from the rear.

  • Page 25: Power Cord And Line-Voltage Selection

    UDC’s 2 kΩ calibration cell. Potentiostatic EIS and cyclic voltammetry are popular choices. This calibration step is important. If the system with both the Reference 3000 and the Reference 30k Booster malfunctions, Gamry’s support engineer will generally ask you to test the less-complicated Reference 3000 system.

  • Page 26: Installation Of The Working/Counter Cable On The Booster

    6) Double check the colors: green wires on green terminal, and red wires on red terminal. Cal Cell Connections Connect the other end of the Working/Counter cable to the Cal (Calibration) side of a Reference 30k Booster Test & Cal cell. This Test & Cal cell is a small printed circuit board.
  • Page 27 Installation – Cal Cell Connections Caution: The Cal Side of the Test & Cal cell is a 200 mΩ, ±1% tolerance resistor wired in a 4-terminal manner. The resistor is only rated for 1 W of power dissipation. This side of the fixture includes a 2 A fuse that keeps the resistor safe from over-current damage.

  • Page 28: Power-Up Test

    Connections to the Cal Side of the Test & Cal Cell Power-Up Test The power switches on the Reference 3000 potentiostat and the Reference 30k Booster can be turned on in any order. When power is applied, the blue Power LED indicators on both the Reference 3000 and the Reference 30k should illuminate.

  • Page 29: Optional 30 A Test

    Installation – Optional 30 A Test Figure 3-2 Calibration Dialog Box Select the device you want to calibrate. In the dialog box above, the Boosted system was labeled with a radio button Ref3000-15116, so we select that device. Select the Both radio button to tell the system you want to run both a DC calibration and an AC calibration.
  • Page 30 Installation – Optional 30 A Test Figure 3-3 Connections to the Test Side of the Test & Cal Cell Apply currents by selecting Experiment > Utilities > Set a Current on the Framework menu. In the window that appears, enter a current density of 3.0E4 mA/cm and an area of 1.0 cm .

  • Page 31: Chapter 4: Panel Indicators, Controls And Connectors

    Panel Indicators, Controls and Connectors – Front-panel Indicators Chapter 4: Panel Indicators, Controls and Connectors Figure 4-1 shows the front panel of the Reference 30k Booster. Its indicator lights, controls, fuses, and connectors are discussed in detail in this chapter.

  • Page 32: Cell On Led

    Panel Indicators, Controls and Connectors – Front-panel Indicators Cell On LED This is a yellow LED, which lights when the system’s software turns on the Booster’s Cell Switch. When this indicator is off, cell current will not flow through the Counter lead in the Booster’s cell cable. Overload LED This is a red LED, which lights when the Booster encounters an Overload condition.

  • Page 33: Front-Panel Fuses

    Counter terminals. Details concerning these fuses and instructions for replacing them are in Chapter 1. EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN The emergency shutdown control is a big red button on the right side of the Reference 30k Booster’s front panel. It gives you an easy method to turn off an experiment.

  • Page 34: Front-Panel Connectors

    The EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN switch only prevents current flow from the cell into or out of the Reference 30k Booster’s high-current cell leads. It does not protect against dangerous cell conditions that do not involve current flow into the booster, such as short circuits within the cell. For this reason, it does not replace safety precautions against explosion, fire, or chemical spills in the cell.

  • Page 35: Counter Terminal

    In the boosted mode, the Reference 3000 Counter signal is used as the input signal to the high-output-current control amplifier in the Reference 30k Booster. In this mode, a 30 A-to-3 mA current converter is used to provide a current to the Reference 3000’s Working Signal.

  • Page 36: Power Input Connector

    Panel Indicators, Controls and Connectors – Rear-panel Connectors Figure 4-2 Rear Panel of the Reference 30k Booster Power Input Connector The power input connector is a three-function module. It contains a line-cord connector, a fuse block, and the power switch.

  • Page 37: Protective Ground And System Ground Binding Posts

    Panel Indicators, Controls and Connectors – Rear-panel Connectors The power switch is used to turn on the electronics in the Reference 30k Booster. It controls AC power (mains) into three AC-DC converters (power supplies) inside the Reference 30k Chassis. The instrument can operate in pass-through mode even with the power switch off.
  • Page 38 Panel Indicators, Controls and Connectors – Rear-panel Connectors In the Reference 3000/Reference 30k Booster system, make this connection with a 25-pin D-to-25-pin D cable, Gamry P/N 985-00120. Caution: The Gamry 985-00120 cable contains special shielding and grounding. Do not substitute third-party 25-pin D-to-25-pin D cables for the Gamry cable.

  • Page 39: Chapter 5: Suggestions For Cell Connection

    (also known as Kelvin-type) connections. In a 4-terminal connection, the four leads that connect to the cell under test are grouped into two pairs. • One pair of leads conducts the current between the cell and Reference 30k Booster. These leads are the “current-carrying leads”. •...
  • Page 40 Suggestions for Cell Connection – 4-Terminal Cell Connections The software opens a message box telling you how the connections should be made based upon your  expected maximum voltage. The allowed voltage on the Counter Sense (Orange) lead is 30 volts. DC accuracy of the voltage measurement is reduced in high-voltage mode.

  • Page 41: Kelvin (4-Terminal) Clips

    Suggestions for Cell Connection – Kelvin (4-terminal) Clips Figure 5-2 Bad 4-Terminal Clip Placement on a Battery Terminal Battery Sense clip Current-carrying clip Resistance was also measured for this “poor” connection. The measured resistance was 3.4 mΩ, more than 3 mΩ...

  • Page 42: Large-Diameter Threaded Connections

    A non-conductive washer between two ring terminals on a bolt can form a very good 4-terminal connection. Large-diameter Threaded Connections The diameter of the ring terminals on the Reference 30k Booster’s Counter/Working cable (985-00122) is 10.5 mm (0.42”). The maximum bolt diameters that it can work with are 10 mm (metric) and 3/8” (imperial).

  • Page 43: Appendix A: Reference 30K Booster Specifications

    Power (max.) 1200 A potentiostat system with a Reference 30k Booster connected to a Reference 3000 Potentiostat will not oscillate with any capacitive load as long as the Reference electrode impedance is less than 10 kΩ and the control amplifier bandwidth is Normal or slower.

  • Page 45: Appendix B: Grounds And Floating Operations

    Grounding in the Reference 30k Booster The metal case of the Reference 30k Booster is connected to earth ground via the ground pin in the AC power (mains) cord. This connection is essential to the electrical safety of this instrument. As defined in IEC Publication 348, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus, the Reference 30k Booster is a Class I apparatus.

  • Page 46: Usb Ground

    These isolators eliminate the USB as a contributor to ground issues. System Ground The Expansion Interface cable between the Reference 3000 and Reference 30k Booster connects the System Grounds of the two instruments. All control signals passing between the instruments are referenced to this shared ground.
  • Page 47 If the problem reoccurs with the ground jumper disconnected, make sure you do not have additional test equipment connected to the system. If it still occurs with all additional equipment disconnected, contact Gamry Instruments’ technical support staff. Figure 5-3 shows the ground jumper in place.

  • Page 48: Grounds And Additional Test Equipment

    If you are testing a cell that is isolated from earth ground, earth-grounding your instrument system can reduce noise. The pair of ground terminals on the rear panel of the Reference 30k Booster was provided so a user can easily connect System Ground to Protective Ground. A shorting bar suitable for making this connection was...

  • Page 49: Use In Systems Connected To Earth Ground

    Counter and Working leads. When you use the a Reference 30k Booster in a system with an earth-grounded electrode, the System Ground will develop a voltage versus earth ground. The magnitude of the voltage depends on which electrode is earthed and the cell voltage.

  • Page 51: Appendix C: Certifications

    Gamry Instruments 734 Louis Drive Warminster, PA 18974 This declaration is for the Gamry Instruments product model: Reference 30k Booster The declaration is based upon compliance with the following directives: EMC Directive 89/336/EEC as amended by 92/31/EEC and 93/68/EEC ...

  • Page 52: Certificate Of Conformance

    Certifications Certificate of Conformance...

  • Page 53: Declaration Of Conformity: No. Doc-2021-Ukca-Ref30Kbooster

    Manufacturer's Name and Location: Gamry Instruments 734 Louis Drive Warminster, PA 18974 This declaration is for the Gamry Instruments product model: Reference 3000 Potentiostat/Galvanostat/ZRA The declaration is based upon compliance with the following directives: Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations 2016  Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016 ...

  • Page 55: Appendix D: Comprehensive Index

    Comprehensive Index Appendix D: Comprehensive Index 4-terminal, 39 power input connector, 36 AC input module, 9, 10 power LED, 32 AC line cord, 7 Power LED, 28, 32 Booster Active LED, 31 power line transient, 12 Both radio button, 29 Protective ground, 45 CE Compliance, 13 Protective Ground, 37, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49...

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