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Summary of Contents for Gamry Instruments Interface 1000
- Page 1 Interface 1000 Potentiostat/Galvanostat/ZRA Operator’s Manual Copyright 2014–2022 Gamry Instruments, Inc. Revision 6.5 September 19, 2022 988-00026...
- Page 2 Please have your instrument model and serial numbers available, as well as any applicable software and firmware revisions. If you have problems in installation or use of a system containing an Interface 1000, call from a phone next to your computer, where you can type and read the screen while talking to us.
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Page 3: Limited Warranty
Limited Warranty Gamry Instruments, Inc. warrants to the original user of this product that it shall be free of defects resulting from faulty manufacture of the product or its components for a period of two years from the original shipment date of your purchase. -
Page 4: Disclaimers
Disclaimers Gamry Instruments, Inc. cannot guarantee that the Interface 1000 Potentiostat/Galvanostat/ZRA will work with all computer systems, operating systems, and third-party software applications/hardware/software. The information in this manual has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate as of the time of printing. -
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Firmware Update ......................3-9 DC Calibration ......................... 3-9 The Interface 1000 Customization Label ................3-11 Introduction to the Interface 1000 Customization Label ........3-11 Label Sheet Provided With Each Interface 1000........... 3-11 Label Files on the Gamry Website ................ 3-12... - Page 6 EIS Speed ......................8-6 Ancillary Apparatus ....................8-7 Floating Operation ......................8-7 Appendix A: Interface 1000 Specifications ..................A-1 Appendix B: Interface 1000 Cell Connector ................... B-1 Appendix C : I/O Connectors ......................C-1 User I/O Connector ......................C-1 Sync Port .......................... C-2 Monitor Connector ......................
- Page 7 Introduction to Device Power-Dissipation ................. F-1 Potentiostat/Galvanostat Power Model ................F-2 Discharging a Battery ......................F-2 Single Interface 1000 ......................F-3 Vertical Stacks ........................F-3 Interface Power Hub Systems .................... F-3 Appendix G: Capabilities of Various Models of Interface 1000 ............G-1 Index ............................. Index-1...
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Page 9: Chapter 1: Safety Considerations
Category II apparatus, with any “hazardous live voltages” protected by “reinforced insulation.” Most of the Interface 1000 circuitry is at voltages low enough to be considered safe. The Interface 1000 contains a limited amount of internal circuitry that is at “hazardous live” voltages as defined in EN 61010 (the standard mentioned above). -
Page 10: Grounding In The Interface 1000
Grounding in the Interface 1000 The circuitry and the metal case of the Interface 1000 are not connected to an earth ground. If they were connected to earth ground, it would compromise the Interface 1000’s ability to make measurements in electrochemical cells that contain earth-grounded metal. -
Page 11: Operation With Earth-Grounded Cells And Auxiliary Apparatus
The Interface 1000 uses forced air-cooling to keep the Interface 1000 components within their operating temperature range. Most of the air needed to cool the Interface 1000 enters the chassis through holes in its bottom plate. Some air also enters the chassis from small slots on the right side of the chassis (as viewed from the front of the instrument). -
Page 12: Defects And Abnormal Stresses
It has been subjected to environmental stress (corrosive atmosphere, fire, etc.). Do not use your Interface 1000 or any other apparatus if you think it could be hazardous. Have it checked by qualified service personnel. Environmental Limits There are environmental limit conditions on the storage, shipping, and operation of this equipment. The Interface 1000 is not designed for outdoor use. -
Page 13: Service
A Faraday cage surrounding your cell can be used to minimize the effect of environmental RF fields. If your cell is isolated from earth ground, Gamry recommends connecting your Interface 1000 to earth ground and then connecting the Faraday cage to the Interface 1000’s floating ground (the black lead on the cell cable). Electrical Transient Sensitivity Your Interface 1000 Potentiostat/Galvanostat/ZRA was designed to offer reasonable immunity from electrical transients, including transients on the incoming AC Mains supply and Electrostatic Discharge. -
Page 14: Ce Compliance
The relevant CE regulations include EN 61010 and EN 61326. RoHS Compliance The Interface 1000 has been built using lead-free components and lead-free solder. It is in compliance with the European RoHS initiative. 1 - 6... -
Page 15: Chapter 2: Introduction
Chapter 4 describes cell cable connections and Chapter 5 describes the Interface 1000’s front and rear panels. Chapter 6 is a description of the electronics circuitry in the Interface 1000. Chapter 7 covers the difficult issues of potentiostat stability and approaches to prevent oscillation. Chapter 8 discusses the realities of low-current, high-impedance measurements. -
Page 16: Software And Applications
In this type of system, each Interface 1000 is powered by an individual AC Adapter, which in turn can be powered by a multiple output AC power strip. The multiple USB connections for the system can be obtained from an inexpensive commercial USB hub. -
Page 17: Front Panel Customization
File names and folders. Inside paragraphs, references to computer files and Windows folders are capitalized and placed within quotes, for example: “C:\MYGAMRYDATA\CV.DTA” and “GAMRY.INI”. The term Interface 1000 is generally written in place of the more correct but awkward term Interface 1000 Potentiostat/Galvanostat/ZRA. 2 - 3... -
Page 19: Chapter 3: Installation
Power Switch Initial Visual Inspection After you remove your Interface 1000 from its shipping carton, check it for any signs of shipping damage. If you note any damage, please notify Gamry Instruments, Inc. and the shipping carrier immediately. Save the shipping container for possible inspection by the carrier. -
Page 20: Computer Requirements
1000 will enter a power-down state if it becomes overheated. If this occurs during data-acquisition, you may lose experimental data. If you do place your Interface 1000 within an enclosed space, make sure that the internal temperature within that space does not exceed 45°C, the maximum ambient temperature for the Interface 1000. Be particularly careful if a computer or other heat-dissipating equipment is mounted in the same enclosure as the Interface 1000. -
Page 21: Reboot Your Computer After Software Installation
DC power input jack on the rear of the Interface 1000. The external power supply provided with the Interface 1000 is rated for operation from 100 to 240 V AC, at frequencies from 47 to 63 Hz. It should therefore be useable worldwide. -
Page 22: Power Up Test
This process could take as long as 15 seconds. The Interface 1000 fan runs at low speed once the Power light stops flashing. If you do not see four or five blinks and then a steady blue color, see Appendix D for a table of blink codes. -
Page 23: Usb Cables
Gamry Instruments representative as soon as possible. USB Cables The Interface 1000 connects to the computer using a filtered High Speed USB A/B cable. A suitable cable was shipped with your Interface 1000. The replacement cable is Gamry Part Number 985-00131. -
Page 24: Cell Cable Installation
Front Panel USB LED The front panel USB LED provides a simple test of two aspects of normal Interface 1000 USB operation. It has four normal states:... -
Page 25: Running The Framework
The USB cable is disconnected or the USB connection is disabled by the host Unlit computer, A valid cable connection has been made and the Interface 1000 USB processor is Continuous receiving power from the USB cable, green... -
Page 26: Types Of Interface 1000 Instruments
Framework with Three Potentiostats and One Running Test The Interface 1000 (IFC 01004) in this system is shown with a green indicator because it is installed and ready to run. The Reference 600 labeled My Ref600 has a red indicator because it is recording the EIS spectrum shown on the screen. -
Page 27: Firmware Update
Caution: Interrupting a firmware update can cause a catastrophic failure of your system. Do not turn off the Interface 1000, do not unplug the USB cable, and do not stop the operation of the host computer when the USB LED is a continuous red color. - Page 28 The system is being run in an environment that is very different from the previous operating environment. For example, if the Interface 1000 was calibrated at 15°C and you are now operating it at 30°C, you should recalibrate. 3 - 10...
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Page 29: The Interface 1000 Customization Label
The Interface 1000 includes a customization label that makes each unit visually unique. This allows you to know exactly which potentiostat will be used for each test. By default, each Interface 1000 ships with a label containing the instrument’s Serial Number (S/N XXXXX). You can easily place other labels in the instrument’s Customization Label area. -
Page 30: Label Files On The Gamry Website
Pstat 1 through Pstat 8 on a red background You can cut any of these labels from the sheet and insert as the Interface 1000 Customization Label. The white labels are provided to allow you to handwrite a label. - Page 31 Your Interface 1000 family instrument should now look like Figure 3-6 (the front bezel is removed). Notice the blue tab on the left side on the instrument. This is part of the old label; it is blue on the instrument in the photo.
- Page 32 Chapter 3: Installation--The Interface 1000 Customization Label Figure 3-3 Instrument with Bezel Removed - Label Tab Seen 3 - 14...
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Page 33: Chapter 4: Cell Connections
The black pin jack is connected on the Interface 1000 end to Chassis Ground. This is the circuitry ground for the analog circuits in the Interface 1000. In most cases, leave this terminal disconnected at the cell end. When you do so, take care that its metal contact does not touch any of the other cell connections. -
Page 34: Zra-Mode Cell Connections
If your cell is a typical glass laboratory cell, all of the electrodes are isolated from earth ground. In this case, you may be able to lower noise in your data by connecting the Interface 1000’s Chassis Ground to an earth ground. -
Page 35: Membrane Cell Connections
A/D noise and offset create a small potential signal with a value very close to zero. Membrane Cell Connections The Interface 1000 can be used with membrane cells. In this type of cell, a membrane separates two electrolyte solutions. Two reference electrodes are used: one in each electrolyte. Each electrolyte also contains a counter electrode. - Page 36 Chapter 4: Cell Connections--Membrane Cell Connections 4 - 4...
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Page 37: Chapter 5: Panel Indicators And Connectors
Power Switch The Power button is on the far right side of the Interface 1000 Front Panel. It is a push-push switch: push once to turn the instrument on and push again to turn the instrument off. The switch’s button latches: the button is closer to the front panel when the instrument is on than when it is off. -
Page 38: Cell Cable Connector
It is normally used with a Gamry Instruments supplied cell cable. In addition to the pins used for cell connections, the Interface 1000 Cell Connector also uses four pins to read a cell cable ID. Gamry software can compensate for the cell cable characteristics for optimal system performance, especially in EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy). -
Page 39: Cell On Led
The USB LED indicates a continuous red in one special condition: when a firmware update occurs. Interrupting a firmware update can cause a catastrophic failure of your system. Do not turn off the Interface 1000, do not unplug the USB cable, and do not stop the operation of the host computer when the USB LED is a continuous red color. -
Page 40: Overload Led
The Overload LED is just below the Cell On LED. Overload LED The Overload LED is normally unlit. When it glows red, some circuit in the Interface 1000 has exceeded its normal operating limit. Conditions that generate Overloads include: The absolute value of the differential electrometer output voltage (the difference in voltage between ... -
Page 41: Customization Label Area
Customization Label Area The left side of the Interface 1000 front panel has a transparent area in its plastic overlay. A paper label behind this area allows a custom appearance. This is especially important when the instrument is in a multiple- potentiostat system. -
Page 42: Chassis Ground
USB Port The USB port on the rear panel of the Interface 1000 is a Type B connector as defined in Revision 1.1 and 2.0 of the USB Specification. Use a standard, shielded, Type A/B cable to connect this port to a computer’s USB port or a USB hub (preferably an externally powered hub). -
Page 43: Sync Port
circuitry. Caution: Floating operation of Interface 1000 can be compromised by improper connections to the User I/O Connector. We do not recommend use of standard 15-pin shielded cables with this connector. Custom cables with the shield connected to pin 6 of the D-connector are preferred. - Page 44 Chapter 5: Panel Indicators and Connectors--Rear Panel 5 - 8...
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Page 45: Chapter 6: Instrument Circuitry
The following figures are partly schematic diagrams and partly block diagrams. They are intended to show the basic principles of the Interface 1000 without the confusion of the full circuitry details. The complexity of the Interface 1000 can be quite daunting: the Interface 1000 circuit boards contain more than 2000 components connected by almost 5000 circuit nets. - Page 46 Chapter 6: Instrument Circuitry--Interface 1000 Schematic/Block Diagrams Figure 6-1 Interface 1000 Potentiostat Board in Potentiostat Mode Notes for Figure 6-1 Only Potentiostat Mode circuitry is shown in this figure. In this mode the voltage difference between the Reference and Working Sense leads (called Esig) is fed back into the control amplifier.
- Page 47 Chapter 6: Instrument Circuitry--Interface 1000 Schematic/Block Diagrams Figure 6-2 Interface 1000 Signal-Generation Circuitry Notes on Figure 6-2: All the resistors summing voltages into the Summing Amplifier input do not have values shown because their values depend on scaling factors too complex for this simplified diagram.
- Page 48 Chapter 6: Instrument Circuitry--Interface 1000 Schematic/Block Diagrams Figure 6-3 One A/D Signal Chain in the Interface 1000 Notes for Figure 6-3: This diagram shows one of two identical ADC channels. One channel is dedicated to measurement of the potentiostat’s current signal and the other is used to measure the voltage signal.
- Page 49 serial bit-stream. The UARTs send data at 6 Mbits/second. The Interface 1000 has local non-volatile data storage. This is used to save calibration data and board- revision information. Interface 1000 calibration data is stored in the instrument, not in a data file.
- Page 50 Interface 1000 or a Gamry-supplied alternative. Other power sources may void the performance and/or safety characteristics of the Interface 1000. Power input voltages less than 40 V or greater than 52 V can damage the Interface 1000’s power supply. 6 - 6...
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Page 51: Chapter 7: Stability In Potentiostat Mode
Whenever you see sharp breaks in the current recorded on the system, you should suspect oscillation. The Interface 1000 has been tested for stability with cell capacitors between 10 pF and 3000 F. In all but its fastest control amplifier speed-setting, it is stable on any capacitor in this range—as long as the impedance in the reference electrode lead does not exceed 20 k. -
Page 52: Improving Potentiostat Stability
Improving Potentiostat Stability There are a number of things that you can do to improve an unstable or marginally stable Interface 1000 potentiostat/cell system. This list is not in any particular order; any or all of these steps may help. - Page 53 Chapter 7: Stability in Potentiostat Mode--Improving Potentiostat Stability Provide a high-frequency shunt around the cell. A small capacitor between the red and white cell leads allows high-frequency feedback to bypass the cell. (See Figure 7-2.) The capacitor value is generally determined by trial and error.
- Page 54 Chapter 7: Stability in Potentiostat Mode--Improving Potentiostat Stability Add resistance to the counter electrode lead. (See Figure 7-3.) This change lowers the effective bandwidth of the control amplifier. As a rule of thumb, choose the resistor to give one volt of drop at the highest current expected in the test being run.
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Page 55: Chapter 8: Measurement Of Small Signals
−15 of about 2 000 000 electrons per second! The small currents measured by the Interface 1000 place demands on the instrument, the cell, the cables and the experimenter. Many of the techniques used in higher-current electrochemistry must be modified when used to measure pA currents. -
Page 56: Johnson Noise In Z
Chapter 8: Measurement of Small Signals--Measurement System Model and Physical Limitations Figure 8-1 Equivalent Measurement Circuit R shunt C shunt Icell R in C in Unfortunately, technology limits high-impedance measurements because: Current measurement circuits always have non-zero input capacitance, i.e., C >... -
Page 57: Finite Input Capacitance
AC signal by more than a factor of 10. The Interface 1000 uses an input amplifier with an input current of around 1 pA. Other circuit components may also contribute leakage currents. You therefore cannot make absolute current measurements of very low pA currents with the Interface 1000 n practice, the input current is approximately constant, so current differences or AC current levels of less than one pA can often be measured. -
Page 58: Voltage Noise And Dc Measurements
∙ Residual water films can be a real problem, especially on glass. Shunt capacitance and resistance also occur in the potentiostat itself. Specifications for the Interface 1000 in Potentiostat Mode, in Appendix A, contain equivalent values for the potentiostat’s R and C . -
Page 59: Hints For System And Cell Design
Try to avoid AC-powered or computerized apparatus within your Faraday shield. Length and Construction of the Cell Cable The Interface 1000 is shipped with a 60 cm shielded cell cable. We also offer extended length cables and a special cable for low-impedance cells as choices at extra cost. -
Page 60: Cell Construction
Chapter 8: Measurement of Small Signals--Hints for System and Cell Design In these cases, the capacitance between the Interface 1000 cell leads can result in an error. The Interface 1000 alligator clips can have 10 pF or more of mutual capacitance if they are run alongside each other. -
Page 61: Ancillary Apparatus
Interface 1000 cell leads. Floating Operation The Interface 1000 is capable of operation with cells where one of the electrodes or a cell surface is at earth ground. Examples of earth-grounded cells include: autoclaves, stress apparatus, pipelines, storage tanks, and battleships. - Page 62 Chapter 8: Measurement of Small Signals--Floating Operation 8 - 8...
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Page 63: Appendix A: Interface 1000 Specifications
Appendix A: Interface 1000 Specifications All specifications are at an ambient temperature of 22°C, with the Interface 1000 powered using the external power supply shipped with the unit, a standard shielded 60 cm cell cable, and the cell enclosed in a Faraday shield. - Page 64 Appendix A: Interface 1000 Specifications--Floating Operation Current to Voltage Converter Maximum Full-scale Range 1000 Note 13 Minimum Full-scale Range Note 13 100 (after ×100 gain) Voltage across Rm mV at Note 14 full scale Output Voltage (at Monitor and ADC in)
- Page 65 Appendix A: Interface 1000 Specifications--Floating Operation Potentiostatic Mode Applied Voltage Range ±12 volts Accuracy Note 18 DC zero offset Gain % setting DC Bias ±8 volts Scan DAC ranges ±6.4, ±1.6, ±0.4 volts Drift <20 Note 19 µV/C Noise and Ripple µV rms...
- Page 66 4. Measured with an external function generator connected to the Ext Sig In BNC. 5. The A/D and signal-processing chain in the Interface 1000 allows measurement of voltage signals as large as ±13.107 V. The voltage on the working sense lead can be as high as ±0.4 V when measuring 1 A using a 60 cm cell cable.
- Page 67 Appendix A: Interface 1000 Specifications--Floating Operation 11. The total error in a voltage measurement is: Error = Zero Offset Error + Gain Error × Voltage For a 1 V signal, the theoretical error can be as high as 3 mV. This error is typically less than 0.5 mV.
- Page 68 Appendix A: Interface 1000 Specifications--Floating Operation Appendix A - 6...
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Page 69: Appendix B: Interface 1000 Cell Connector
Multiple pins assigned to the same signal are connected together on the Interface 1000’s Potentiostat board. If you need to connect this signal outside the Interface 1000, you need a wire connected to any one of the D-connector pins. - Page 70 Appendix B: Interface 1000 Cell Connector--Floating Operation Appendix B - 2...
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Page 71: Appendix C : I/O Connectors
The details of these connectors are described here. User I/O Connector This connector contains a number of signals used to interface the Interface 1000 to external apparatus. It is the miniature 15-pin female D-shaped connector on the rear panel of the Interface 1000. -
Page 72: Sync Port
The Sync Port is used to interconnect Interface 1000s that must be operated synchronously: with a single clock and with simultaneous data acquisition. The sync connector is a 7-pin mini-DIN connector on the rear panel of the Interface 1000. Gamry’s synchronization system uses the terms Master and Serf as defined below. -
Page 73: Monitor Connector
Appendix C : I/O Connectors--Monitor Connector Monitor Connector The Monitor connector is located on the Interface 1000 Front Panel. It is an 8-pin round mini-DIN connector. One possible mating connector is from CUI Inc. part number MD-80. The pin-out signals of the Monitor Connector are provided in Table C-2. - Page 74 BNC. Its output impedance is approximately 1 kΩ in parallel with 47 pF. External Signal In External Signal In allows you to add a voltage to the Interface 1000’s Signal Generator. It is a two-wire differential signal with the negative side connected to the Interface 1000 floating ground. This signal is summed with the other signal-generator sources, including the Bias DAC, the Scan DAC, and the DDS output.
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Page 75: Appendix D: Power Led Blink Codes
If you receive one of the above codes, please call Gamry Instruments Service Department for assistance. Error Messages and Limitations The Interface 1000 has a subtype, Interface 1000T, which may generate error messages under certain run-time conditions: Error Message This instrument is not authorized for Freq= The Interface 1000T is able to perform EIS at frequencies 20 kHz or lower. -
Page 76: Error Message "This Instrument Is Not Authorized For Sampletime
Appendix D: Power LED Blink Codes Error Message "This instrument is not authorized for SampleTime= The Interface 1000T is able to record data with a sample time of 1 ms or higher. Shorter sample times generate this error message. Increase the sample time to continue. Appendix D - 2... -
Page 77: Appendix E: Ce Certificate
Manufacturer’s Name and Location: Gamry Instruments 734 Louis Drive Warminster, PA 18974 This declaration is for the Gamry Instruments product: Interface 1000 Potentiostat/Galvanostat/ZRA. The declaration is based upon compliance with the following directives: EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Low Voltage Safety Directive 2006/95/EC The declaration is based upon product compliance with the following standards as defined in report number 05965-000 from Ergonomics, Inc. -
Page 78: Low Voltage Certificate Of Conformance
Appendix E: CE Certificate Low Voltage Certificate of Conformance Appendix E - 2... -
Page 79: Rfi Certificate Of Conformance
Appendix E: CE Certificate RFI Certificate of Conformance Appendix E - 3... - Page 80 Appendix E: CE Certificate Appendix E - 4...
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Page 81: Appendix F: Heat In Interface 1000 Multechem Systems
Appendix F: Heat in Interface 1000 MultEchem Systems Appendix F: Heat in Interface 1000 MultEchem Systems Introduction to Device Power-Dissipation All electronic devices require power to operate. In most cases, this power generates heat within the device. The simplest model for device power assumes the device can be modeled as a simple resistor across the power supply inputs. -
Page 82: Potentiostat/Galvanostat Power Model
The variable resistors take different values depending on the potentiostat/galvanostat’s operating conditions. The upper portion of the model describes a fairly constant power draw in the Interface 1000 circuitry. This power comes from the normal operation of the instrument: running its microprocessor, powering its operational amplifiers and D/A and A/D converters, etc. -
Page 83: Single Interface 1000
Single Interface 1000 Gamry has tested a single Interface 1000 operating at its most extreme condition: discharge of a 20 V cell at 1 A current. The unit was run in its normal horizontal position, with 1 A cell current and a 20 V cell voltage. The air-flow though the unit was unimpeded. - Page 84 Appendix F: Heat in Interface 1000 MultEchem Systems Appendix F - 4...
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Page 85: Appendix G: Capabilities Of Various Models Of Interface 1000
Appendix G: Capabilities of Various Models of Interface 1000 Appendix G: Capabilities of Various Models of Interface 1000 Below is a table of the various types of Interface 1000 potentiostats, and their respective capabilities. Interface Interface Interface Interface Function 1000T... - Page 86 Appendix G: Capabilities of Various Models of Interface 1000 Repeating Chronopotentiometry ● ● ● ● Controlled Potential Coulometry (Bulk Electrolysis) ● ● ● ● Multiple-Step Chronoamperometry ● ● ● ● Multiple-Step Chronopotentiometry ● ● ● ● AC Voltammetry ● Pulse Voltammetry Differential Pulse Voltammetry ●...
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Page 87: Index
Index environmental limits, 1-4 Index environmental stress, 1-4 Experiment drop-down menu, 3-9 25 pin D, 3-6 External Signal, 9-4 AC adapter, 1-1 fan speed, 1-3 ADC channels, 6-4 Faraday shield, 4-2, 8-5 air-cooling, 1-3 filters, 6-4 alligator clip, 4-2 firmware download, 5-3 ancillary apparatus, 8-7 firmware update, 3-9 auxiliary electrode, 4-1... - Page 88 Index operation, 1-4 Visual Inspection, 3-1 Options menu, 3-7, 3-8 voltage noise, 8-4 orange lead, 4-1 oscillation, 7-1 Warranty, iii Overload LED, 5-4 WE Shield, 9-1 white cell lead, 4-1 over-temperature event, 9-2 Working Electrode, 4-1, 9-1 overview, 2-1 Working Sense, 9-1 personalization label, 3-11 WS Shield, 9-1 power brick, 1-1...